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General overview of the structure of Russian
education system
Session – Russia: Transfer Credit Evaluation and the EducationUSA connection
___________________________________
AACRAO 2011 Conference, Seattle
Gunnar Vaht – Estonian ENIC/NARIC 15 March 2011
Genaral Secondary Education
Facts
1975 – late 1980s
4 (primary) + 4 (basic) + 2 (secondary) = 10 years
Since late 1980s
4 (primary) + 5 (incomplete secondary) + 2 (complete secondary) = 11 years
General Secondary Education
Normally 34 weeks per year and max 36 hours (lessons) per week
State (core) curriculum with state requirements and compulsory courses – minimum standard
School may include additional courses and requirements
State final examinations (two federal compulsory written examinations – and at least three optional examinations at the choice of student)
Attestat o srednem (polnom) obshchem obrazovanii (Certificate of Secondary (Complete) General Education)
State (Core) Curriculum - basic plan since 2004
Federal courses (Grades 10/11)
Russian Language 70 hours (1 lesson per week/1 lesson per week)Literature 210 (3/3)Foreign Language 210 (3/3)Mathematics (Algebra; Geometry) 280 (4/4)Informatics 70 (1/1)History 140 (2/2)Social Studies 140 (2/2)Geography 70 (1/1)Physics 140 (2/2)Chemistry 70 (1/1)Biology 70 (1/1)Arts 70 (1/1)Technology 70 (1/1)Principles of Life Security 35 (1/-)Physical Culture 140 (2/2)
Regional course 140 (2/2)
School courses max 595 (8/9)
General Secondary Education
ProfilesPhysics-MathematicsPhysics-ChemistryChemistry-BiologyBiology-GeographySocial Studies-EconomicsSocial Studies-HumanitiesFilologyInformatics-TechnologyAgrotechnologyIndustrial technologyArts-AestheticsDefence-Sports
Unified State Examinations
Pilot experimental phase from 2001 to 2008Obligatory to all secondary school graduates since
2009Take place since May to JuneOrganised by government educational authorities –
exmination commissions (members from schools, HEIs, other institutions and educational board)
Minimum two compulsory exams – Russian language and Mathematics
Other exams upon decision of student – Literature; Physics; Chemistry; Biology; Geography; History; Social Science; Foreign language (English, German, French or Spanish); Informatics
100-point scale. The minimum grade is calculated depends on the average mark of all students (for example the minimum mark was 37 in Russian Language and 21 in Mathematics)
To be used as admission examinations to HEIsSvidetelstvo o rezultatah jedinogo gosudarstvennogo
ekzamena (State Unified Examination Certificate)
Vocational and Professional Secondary Education
Types of institutions (1)Vocational education (nachalnoe professionalnoe
obrazovanie)Vocational schools (professionalnoe uchilishche)
1...2.5 years after Grade 9 or Grade 11State final examination / attestationDiploma gives the right to exercise a professionAccess to professional secondary schools (in the same
profile with shortened programme)No access to higher education
Vocational lycei (professionalnoe litsei)3...4 years after Grade 9 or 1...2.5 years after Grade
11State final examination /attestationIn addition to the vocational courses the programme also
include general secondary coursesDiploma gives the right to exercise a professionAccess to higher educationCredit transfer in the same field of study and a right to be
admitted to 2nd or 3rd year
Types of institutions (2)
Professional secondary education (srednee professionalnoe obrazovanie)
Professional secondary schools (non-university level higher education institutions)
Technikum / uchilishche3...4 years after Grade 9 or 2...3 years after Grade 11
Fields – technology, law, teacher training, nurses, midwifes
KolledzhSame as technikum / uchilishce
After passing of accreditation procedure
Advanced level programmesAs profound studies of the field
As additional courses from other field (+1 year after Technikum / uchilishche regular courses
Qualifications
Diploma of Vocational Education (Diplom o nachalnom professionalnom obrazovanii)
Professional uchilishche; professional lycei
Diploma of Professional Secondary Education (Diplom o srednem professionalnom obrazovanii)
NB! This qualification is translated as Diploma of Non-University Level Higher Education
Technikum; uchilishche; kolledzh; HEI
Higher Education in General
Unitary higher education system
Types of higher education institutions (vuz) (since 1993) – universitet, institut, akademija
About 700 state and 650 non-state accredited HEIs
New reform of higher education institutions – national universities (special status of HEI – elite)
Quality Assurance
State accreditation legally implemented in 1992 as a government instrument of QA and establishing the official status of HEIs
Three stages:1. Licensing – right to operate2. Attestation – evaluation of the conformity of
the content, level and quality of training to the state standards
3. Accreditation – confirmation of the governmental accreditation status of a HEI – right to issue state standard of diplomas
System of Study
Not yet credit system
Full-time, part-time, distance learning, “extern”
Total workload of student is 20...30 academic hours per week + individual work
At the conclusion of each semester, students require to pass approx. 4...5 examinations. At the end of each year usually a course paper
Higher Education Qualifications
Diplom-Specialist (Diplom o vysshem professionalnom obrazovanii) – 5 (6) years; in Soviet period 4...5 (6) yearsor bakalavr + 1 year
Bakalavr – 4 years
Magistr – 1...2 years (bakalavr + 2 or Diplom-Specialist + 1)
Kandidat nauk (Candidate of Science) – 3 (4) years
Doktor nauk (Doctor of Science) – Kandidat nauk + .... years
Diplom-Specialist(Diplom o vysshem
professionalnom obrazovanii)
About 80% of students anrolled in Diplom-Specialist programme
Professional title (kvalifikacija) is awarded – inzhener (Engineer); ekonomist (Economist); utchitel (Teacher); jurist (Lawyer); vrach (Medical Doctor) etc.
Medicine: 6 years + 1 year internatura or 2...3 years ordinatura (specialisations)
Bakalavr-Magistr
Since 1992...1996 (transfer was starting on 1994)
Implemented in most of HEIs in more than 100 fields of study. Since 2007 more and more programmes implemented on bak+mag principles
Exceptions: Medicine, Services and Information Security
A few students take Magistr courses. Many bakalavr graduates continue at Diplom-Specialist programme (+ 1 year after bakalavr programme)
Kandidat nauk
Access qualification: Diplom-Specialist or Magistr
Aspirantura – postgraduate study (3 years)
Pre-doctoral degree
Three Kandidat-examinations: a) foreign language; b) Philosophy; c) field of study
Kandidat-thesis (dissertacia) – public defence
Doktor nauk
Access qualification: Kandidat nauk
Competitive: scientific achievement required for admission (“citizen already known for their contribution in their field”)
Duration is not limited
Doktor-thesis (dissertacia)
Other Higher Education Qualifications
Diplom o nepolnom vysshem obrazovanii (Diploma of Incomplete Higher Education)
not a final degree
at least 2 years of study at undergraduate level with no graduation
Diplom o professionalnom perepodgotovke (Diploma of Professional Re-training)
6 months....2 years
Russia – document fraud, diplomas for sale
Session – Russia: Transfer Credit Evaluation and the EducationUSA connection
_______________________________________AACRAO 2011 Conference, Seattle
Gunnar Vaht
Estonian ENIC/NARIC
15 March 2011
Agencies – diplomas for sale
Every document is for sale in Russia!
Unknown number of agencies are selling (on-line) Russian educational credentials in Russian Federation:
- primary and secondary school certificates
- higher education diplomas (Bakalavr; Specialist; Magistr)
- Kandidat nauk; Doktor nauk diplomas
- Transcripts
- Dissertations, course papers, etc (“second hand thesis”)
- (+ registration in school register and databases) – very expensive!
Counterfeit or real
Up to the “client” needs and financial conditions it is possible to purchase a diploma on counterfeit printed or real (offical standard) paper
- “Printing House” diplomasa counterfeit printed in a printing house and having some measures of protection
- “Goznak” diplomasa diploma is made on the original “Goznak” paper having all security measures (official state standard blank documents, but filled in by agency). Such a diploma is usually two times more expencive than a “Printing House” diploma
Counterfeit or real
- “Goznak” diplomas (cont.)a diploma is made on the original “Goznak” paper with all
security measures, but serial codes and numbers are printed later at another printing house. The code and serial number of a diploma are not in the font used officially by “Goznak”
Exeption:
in case the diploma with the code and serial number printed by “Goznak” is stolen
Agencies – diplomas for sale (on-line)
www.extern-diplom.ru
http://i-diplom.ru
http://kypit-diplom.ru
http://vash-diplom.ru
www.externat-diplom.info
Etc; etc; etc... (about 100 website/agencies are known)
Fraud detection (I)
All authentic higher education diplomas (Soviet and Russian) and transcripts (new forms since 1996) are issued in the state standard format and are printed on security paper by the printing house Goznak
Fraud detection (II)
Pay attention to the following elements:- Design of the form (blank, year of model)- Serial number and code (characters, font)- Name of printing house and year of model- Handwriting- Name of institution- Date of issue- Stamp/seal (name of institution; name of ministry)
Verification of Suspicious Documents
How to Request Verification from the Institution
Write a letter to the Rector’s office.
If possible, write in Russian. If not, use English.
Request a review of the documents and confirmation whether they are authentic.
Include copies of the documents.
Mail or fax to the Rector’s office. Use reliable resources to locate the contact information.
The institution’s international relations office might be able to help. IR office might respond to email.
EducationUSA advising offices and the Russian ENIC office can help find reliable contact information.
Responses might take time; be patient. Write again if no reply.