general eye care
TRANSCRIPT
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General Eye Care
Prepared by:
Ma. Elena Fe G. Acosta, SN4, HTU
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-shape of a sphere measuring about 1 inch in diameter,-a clear, transparent dome at the front (cornea),
- surrounded by the white of the eyeball (the sclera)
- The (iris) of the eye is the circular, colored portion within the eye
-Behind the iris and pupil is the eye's (lens).
-(anterior chamber) space behind the back of the cornea and the
front of the lens is called the and is filled with the aqueous fluid.
Behind the lens is a large space that is filled by the transparent
vitreous gel.
-The inside of the back of the eye is lined by the (retina), the thin,light-sensitive tissue that changes light images to electrical signals
via a chemical reaction. These electrical signals generated by the
retina are sent to our brain through the optic nerve. Our brain
interprets what our eyes see.
TheEyes is .
and has the following important part:
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EXTERNAL STRUCTURES
� EYELIDS
� CONJUNCTIVA± PALBEBRAL± BULBAR
produces mucus to lubricate the eye
This thin membrane folds back on itself and covers the visiblesclera of the eyeball.
� LACRIMAL APPARATUS± LACRIMAL GLAND, DUCTS & PASSAGES
� 6 EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES
� Levator palpebrae muscle
EXTERNAL STRUCTURES
� EYELIDS
� CONJUNCTIVA± PALBEBRAL± BULBAR
produces mucus to lubricate the eye
This thin membrane folds back on itself and covers the visiblesclera of the eyeball.
� LACRIMAL APPARATUS± LACRIMAL GLAND, DUCTS & PASSAGES
� 6 EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES
� Levator palpebrae muscle
Anatomy and Physiology
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main component of tears are formed by
the lacrimal gland located under the upper
lid at the outer corner of the eye. The tears
are composed of a combination of the
substances produced by the lacrimal gland,
the oil glands, and the mucus glands.
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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
EYES
� ORBIT
� EYEBALL : 3 LAYERS:
� OUTER
± SCLERA
± CORNEA
� MIDDLE
± CHOROID
± CILIARY BODY
± IRIS
INNERINNER
RODSRODS
SENSITIVE TO LIGHTSENSITIVE TO LIGHT
PERIPHERAL VISIONPERIPHERAL VISION
CONESCONESFINEFINE
DESCRIMINATIONDESCRIMINATION
COLORCOLOR VISIONVISION
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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
EYES
� LENS FOCUS IMAGE
� FLUIDS OF THE EYE:±
AQUEOUS HUMOR� ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR CHAMBERS
� ANTERIOR EYE CAVITY
� NUTRIENTS TO LENS & CORNEA
� INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE MAINTENANCE
± 20-25 mmHg
± VITREOUS HUMOR� POSTERIOR EYE CAVITY
� TRANSPARENCY & FORM OF THE EYE
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EYESEYES
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VISUAL PATHWAYS
RETINARETINA
OPTIC NERVEOPTIC NERVE
OPTIC CHIASMOPTIC CHIASM
OPTIC TRACTOPTIC TRACT
OCCIPITAL LOBEOCCIPITAL LOBE
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Physical Examination-EYE
� VISUAL ACUITY : SNELLENS CHART
� VISUAL FIELDS: PERIMETRY
� EXTERNAL STRUCTURES
± POSITION & ALIGNMENT OF EYES
± PUPILS (PERRLA)
� EXTRAOCULAR MOVEMENTS
± PARALYSIS
± NYSTAGMUS
� CORNEAL REFLEX
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Dont look at me
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Facts�
Infectious causes of blindness are decreasing as a result of public health interventions and socio-economic development.
Blinding trachoma now affects fewer than 80 million people,
compared to 360 million in 1985
� Aging populations and lifestyle changes mean that chronic
blinding conditions such as diabetic retinopathy are projected
to rise exponentially
� Women face a significantly greater risk of vision loss than men
� Without effective, major intervention, the number of blind
people worldwide has been projected to increase to 76 millionby 2020
� Dark & Light aims at the eradication of preventable and
treatable eye diseases. Early discovery and proper treatment
can prevent further loss of eyesight!
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Prevention is better than cure
Infection Control
1. Eye Care
Dried secretions that have accumulated on the lashes need to
be softened and wipe away.
Softened DS- sterile cotton ball and sterile water or
normal saline over the lid margins.
Wipe LS= inner canthus to outer canthus
Unconscious Client/cpmatose and lacks a blink reflex and cannot close eyelids
completely:
Can use lubricating eye drops
Administer moist compress to cover the eyes every 2-4 hours.
Clean the eyes with saline solution and cotton balls. Wipe form the inner
canthus to the outer canthus.
Use a new cotton ball for each wash
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PLANNING FOR HEALTH PROMOTION
CARE OF THE EYES
� EYEDROPS, DISCOURAGED
� PRINTED MATTER: 14 INCHES AWAY
� TV: 10-12 FT AWAY
� READ WITH ILLUMINATION: 100-150 WATTS
�LIGHT FROM BEHIND
� TEACH ABOUT DANGER SIGNALS OF VISUALDISORDER
PERSISTENT REDNESSPERSISTENT REDNESS
CONTINUED DISCOMFORT & PAIN ESPCONTINUED DISCOMFORT & PAIN ESP
FOLLOWING INJURYFOLLOWING INJURY
CHILDREN: CROSSING OF EYESCHILDREN: CROSSING OF EYESBLURRED VISION/ SPOTS BEFORE THE EYESBLURRED VISION/ SPOTS BEFORE THE EYES
GROWTH ON THE EYE/ OPACITIESGROWTH ON THE EYE/ OPACITIES
CONTINUAL DISCHARGE, CRUSTING ORCONTINUAL DISCHARGE, CRUSTING OR
TEARINGTEARING
PUPIL IRREGULARITIESPUPIL IRREGULARITIES
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Instill opthalmic ointment or artificial tears into the lower lids as
ordered.
The clients corneal reflex is absent, keep the eye moist with
artificial tears and protect the eye with protective shield. This
should be ordered by a primary care provider.
Monitor the eyes for redness, exudate, ulceration.
If you are a wearer of contact lenses, it is very important towash and rinse hands thoroughly before handling the lenses.
Eyes should be free of make-up when inserting the lens to avoid
particles of mascara etc from being trapped underneath the lens
and causing irritation or even infection.
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Always use cleaning solutions as directed and do not
allow them to expire. These solutions are vital for
removing the build-up of protein from the lens.Eye-make-up should be removed daily to allow the skin
to breathe. Use a gentle removal solution and dab the
eye, do not rub it.
Regular eye examinations (every two years) areimportant for keeping prescription lenses correct and for
early diagnosis of any developing eye disorders.
Take measures to guard against eyestrain and protect
vision.
Regular hand washing and make-up removal
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Preventive MeasuresA good night of undisturbed sleep.
Cucumber or cold tea bagsDiet
Vitamin A- carrots, sweet potatoes, liver and some green leafy
vegetables.
Deficiency = macular degeneration and corneal ulcer.
Vitamin E- vegetable oil, daily fruits, some type of fish, almond
and hazel.
Vitamin C- oranges, guava, calamansi,strawberries.
Minerals and supplements
LuteinBioflavonoids
Carotenoids
Eat a lot of seafood as well as those contain omega-3 fatty
acids.
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Stop Smoking!!
- sore and dehydration
- irritationEye Protection
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1. Do not Rub.
2. Pull the upper lid out and downwards.
3. Covers eyes with a loose, damp cotton cover (gauze is
ideal) and seek advice from either optician or doctor.
4. Do not try to remove embedded items
FIRST AID
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Eye exercises:
1) Palming:Rub your hands together and cup them. Thenplace them over your closed eyes and breathe in and
out, deeply. Do it for five minute breaks during work.
2) Write and follow the hand movements as you do.
3) Roll both your eyes simultaneously in circles. Then closeyour eyes and do the same.
4) Shut your eyes for one single blink and rub your palms
together while you do. So follow up the blink with a
palming session.5) Cover your eyes with a soft cloth for three to five
minutes and make sure no light creeps in.
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Contact Lens Care
Contact lenses- thin curved discs of hard or soft plastic, fit on
the cornea of the eye directly over pupil.In removing contact lenses:
1.Hard Contact Lenses:
-must be positioned directly over the cornea for proper
removal. If the lens is displaced, the nurse ask the client to look
straight ahead, and gently exerts pressure on the upper and lower lid
to move the lens back onto the cornea.To avoid lens mix-up, the nurse must places the first lens in it
designated cup in the storage base before removing the second lens.
2. Soft Lenses: differs in two ways.
-First, have the client look forward. Retract the lower lid withone hand. Using the pad of the index finger of the other hand. Move
the lens down to the inferior part of the sclera.
This reduces the risk of damage to the cornea.
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Second, remove the lens by gently pinching the lens between the
pads of the thumb and index finger.Pinching causes the lens to
double up, so the air enter underneath the lens, overcoming thesuction and allowing removal.
Use the pads of fingers to prevent scratching the eyes or the
lens with the fingernails.
Please note that the nurse would need to wear gloves.
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Inserting Contact Lenses:
Contact lenses need to be lubricated in a sterile nonirritating wetting
solution (usually a saline solution) before they are inserted.
Artificial Eyes:
Even for unconscious client, daily removal is not necessary.
Removal: put on clean gloves and retract the clients lower eyelid down over the
infraorbital bone while exerting slight pressure below the eyelid to overcome the
suction. An alternative method is to compress a small rubber bulb and apply the tipdirectly to the eye. As the nurse gradually releases the finger pressure on the bulb,
the suction of the bulb counteracts the suction holding the eye in the socket and
draws the eye out of the socket.
The eye is cleaned with warm normal saline and placed in a container filled
with water or saline solution.
Socket and tissues around the eyes-cleaned with cotton wipes ans normalsaline.
To reinsert the eye, the nurse uses the thumb and index finger of one hand to
retract the eyelids, exerting pressure the supraorbital and infraorbital bones.
Holding the eye between the thumb and the index finger of the other hand, the
nurse slips the eye gently into the socket.