IFAD’S AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

Raising Gender Awareness HaNoi,14th March 2011

Prepared by: Lª ThÞ Méng Ph îng Lê Thi Thanh Huyên

Gender training

Gender equality is a long term revolution because invisibility of women and discrimination against women has existed

for thousands of years. If we want to bring the change, we have to achieve progress

in all fields: Politics, Economics, Culture and Law (Ho Chi Minh President)

CLASS REGULATIONSSHOULD• Concentrate on the lesson• Participate actively• If don’t know, please ask• Put your phone in meeting conditionSHOULD NOT• Smoke, talk on the phone • Go out without permission• Do personal work in the class• Talk with personal reason

Introduce yourself

Last name and First name, How old are you, What do you do, How about your marital status? How many children do you have, boy or girl, You like boy or girl? Why? What is the best thing you like about the sex you are (M/F)? Why? What is the best thing you like about other sex? Why? What do you expect from this training course?

Methodology

Traditional

Phương pháp

Participatory

Gender: Social concept Originate from studying Diversity Influenced by social

factors Can changeFor example: Women can

be president or Captain of ship

Gender and Sex Sex: Biological concept Innate - Appear as long as born Identical Influenced by biological factors Can not changeFor example: Only women can

give birth, while men give sperm

Gender role• Gender roles are the work men and

women are doing in the society• Gender roles are divided into 3

categories:Productive role: Cultivate, Breed,

Engineering…Reproductive role: Child care, household

work…Community role: Build a road, street

sanitation, meeting…Women usually do multiple roles at the

same time, thus, they have less time than men

CLASSIFY GENDER ROLE

Men usually are leaders or managers. Female usually are performers or workers.

Community roleCommunity work such as meeting, hold a festival, wedding, mediation, death anniversary etc.

Community roleCommunity work such as street sanitation, mediation etc.

Male usually does less care work because society doesn’t expect them to do it. And they think that it’s women’s work

Reproductive role:Participation in caring and reproductive work with wife, such as assisting wife to cook rice, teach children…

Reproductive role:Care and reproductive work such as housework, taking care of children, elder, sick person etc.

Female and male usually work for same time, but female’s income is lower than male’s and male’s work is considered of higher value.

Productive roleWork for livelihood such as doing business, agriculture, worker…

Productive roleWork for livelihood such as doing business, agriculture, worker…

NoteMaleFemale

• Female and Male are appreciated and recognized as same, and have the equal status

• Female and male have equal opportunities to participate in community activities

• Female and Male get conditions to fully reach their potential

• Female and Male get equal benefits from development achievements

• Gender equality does not mean making male and female same in all fields of activities

• Female and Male have their different roles and conditions, thus, to achieve equality, it’s essential to have particular solutions for both female and male

What is gender equality?

Conceptualization of Gender Equality

Understanding of Gender equality without awareness of gender

Understanding of Gender equality with awareness of gender

Male and Female are the same, thus, treatment to female and male is the same way

Give opportunities with acceptance of difference. For example, women are unequally positioned because of discriminatory treatment in the past and present

Give standard (same) benefits to men and women

Not only concerns about equal opportunities but also the usage of opportunities and result of opportunities

Does not mention gender differences and gender relations

Consider implicit factors which block opportunities for both men and female

Persons who have better position (mostly men) are easier to approach and take advantage of opportunities

Concern about gender relations, can treat men and women differently in order to give both of them equal benefits

TOOLS FOR GENDER ANALYSIS

• Gender division of labour• Access and control of resources• Participation in decision making• Gender needs

Tool 1: Gender division of labour

• Women carry out 3 types of work (roles)• Normally men focus on productive work –

men’s work is recognized clearly• Men are considered as main person

generating income for family • Many women’s work is invisible and

unpaid • The value of women’s work is considered

lower than that of men’s because of social perceptions

Tool 1: Gender division of labour (cont)

• Normally women take more works, and working time is longer for women

• Housework is considered as women’s responsibility

• The responsibility of men’s income earning always pressurizes them and they spend less time for family

• Both women and men participate in community work. However, women tend to participate less in decision making works in community

The Time Wheel Chart

Wife’s time wheel • Productive : 9h• Care work: 7h• Entertainment: 1h• Sleep: 7h

Husband’s time wheel• Productive : 9h• Care work: 1h• Entertainment: 5h• Sleep: 8h

4 12 3 1234

Tool 2 & 3: Access, Control of Resources and Decision

Making

• Resource include all things people need to carry out activities

• Community’s resources: land, water, wood, labour, information, capital, infrastructure, knowledge, technology….

• Benefit: Income, relax time, education opportunities, participation in project’s activities

• Approach is ability to use resources• Control is the right to make decision in

finding and using resources

Access and Control of Resources

Cultural resourcesInformation, education, knowledge, health…

Resources in the family

Market resources• Labor, employment…

Natural resources• Land, water, wood...

FemaleMaleFemaleMaleControlAccess

Resources

The level of women’s/men’s access, control and decision

making• Generally women approach resources at the lower

level than men• Mainly men are the controller of resources • Limited mobility and cultural factors restrict

women’s access to information, education and technical training

• Women tend to involve lesser in decision making activities at community level

• However, the level of access and control of resources is different among different women groups

Tool 4: Gender needs• Gender needs are women’s/men’s need

to carry out their roles• To satisfy gender needs, it’s necessary

to work towards equal and harmonious relations and help both men and women

• Types of gender needs: Actual gender needs and Strategic gender needs

GENDER NEEDPlease give comments on the picture

about gender needs

Participants give comments on the below picture about gender needs

House of female headed family Pinang Thi Gai and water jar UNICEF

(The picture was taken at Da Trang small village, Phuoc Tien Bac Ai commune, Ninh Thuan)

Tool 4: Gender needsActual gender needs Strategic gender

needsActual gender needs are needs related to improving present living conditions while not changing women’s dependent relations (dependence about finance, decision making…)

Strategy gender needs are needs to help women to escape dependency and low positions, change unequal relations between men and women

Gender needActual gender need Strategy gender need

Short term need Long term need Meet to only women and men at specific area

Meet to all women and men in common

Meet to daily need: Food, house, income, health care…

Related to women’s disadvantage: lack of resources, education, violence in family

Easy to identify based on present women’s / men’s role

Original reasons of women’s disadvantage and limitation is not easy to identify

Issues can be solved by providing input of food, house, hospital and other tools

Issues can be solved by improving knowledge, education, advocacy...

Focus: Both men and women participate and get benefit from project. Improving living condition for both men and women

Focus:Encourage both men and women to participate management work, leading, improving capacity for women to be leader. Improving women’s position about politics, economics, society

Basicly don’t change traditional roles between men and women

Improving capacity for women and men, improving the relation among them

Gender preconception

• Is about people’s attitude about women’s and men’s working abilities or what type of work they can do

• For a long time, this preconception was recognized as obvious/natural and people had accepted it as a standard to evaluate men and women in society

• Gender preconception is accepted in socializing process which leads to different behaviours between men and women and leads to contradiction in evaluating ability, occupational orientation, capacity development for girls and women in family, in workplace and in society

• Gender preconception is one of factors influencing significantly to maintain unequality between men and women by maintaining concepts about which men and women can or can not do

• Men and Women have to be influenced negatively from gender preconception

Make right for womenWOMEN participate with MEN at all of 5

LEVELS

DiscussKnow

Implement

SuperviseImplemen-

tation

Decision making Together

INTEGRATE GENDER IN IFAD’S PROJECT

Group discussion 1:Groups use SWOT tool to analyse

gender integration in IFAD’s projects: 20 minutes

Then present the result

INTEGRATE GENDER IN IFAD’S PROJECT

Group discussion 2: Groups give specific example about gender integration in IFAD’s projects at provinces on A0 paper

Discussion time: 20 minutesGroup Representative of each group

will present the discussion result

GENDER ANALYSIS• Gender analysis is foudation for

gender integration

Exercise: Groups discuss about gender analysis in project’s cycle which is foundation for gender integration

Gender and project cycle:Need to analyse at all steps

Gender

Study/ Identify problem

Design project

Approval for project

Supervise andEvaluate project

Implementing process

Gender analysis and project cycle

To identify gender issues at all steps of project: Does Gender matter? At what Level? Why? Is it essential to integrate gender? How?

Actually, men approve the project, women implement the project, gender is normally obvious in the project

Actually, the result of project increases by gender combination because of suitability of needs, practice, justice

Summary concept and toolConcept:• Gender and Sex• Gender roles• Gender need, benefits• Gender integrationInformation about gender:• Separate data• Information about gender

Analysis tool• Gender division of labour• Access and control of

resources and benefit• Women’s / Men’s

participation and decision making

• Project cycle

THE IMPORTANCE OF GENDER EQUALITY IN

AGRICULTURE AND RURAL AREA

DEVELOPMEN PROJECT

THE IMPORTANCE OF GENDER EQUALITY IN AGRICULTURE AND RURAL AREA

DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Group discussion:• Participants show the importance of gender

equality in agriculture and rural area development project

• Please discuss gender issues in IFAD’s projects in provinces

GENDER INTEGRATION IN IFAD’S PROJECTS

Gender integration is defined as a process which decreases gap in development opportunities between women and men and works towards gender equality which is a part of organization strategy , policy and activity

Gender integration reflects fully from IFAD’s activities, its values, resource allocation, norm coordination, procedures, productivity measures etc.

Tools for gender integration and strategy in IFAD’s projects

• Gender equality – Give right to women – IFAD’s policy principle

Tools for gender integration and strategy in IFAD’s project (cont)

IFAD: Gender equality and women’s rights are important tools for development. Both are necessary tools to decrease poverty.

IFAD works towards enhancing women’s access and control of assets – capital, land, knowledge and technology, improving capacity for women’s organizations, strengthening women’s participation in decision making roles in community issues, women’s representation in local organizations, improving welfare, good conditions to access basic services and rural infrastructure.

Tools for gender integration and strategy in IFAD’s projects (Cont)

IFAD’s action is guided by the principle that development ideas should combine with priorities of women’s and men’s needs and giving them equal opportunities.

IFAD strives to bring about structural changes on gender to fight poverty.