Gender Roles in Education

Presented by: Nazifa, Sydney & Robin

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Half of the enrolled students in high school business and commercial courses were women

The first women to graduate from engineering in the USA

First superintendent to be a woman in a large city school system

Many successful woman teachers

Schools addressed the boy drop-out rate by encouraging sports in schools

More sex-typed electives were introduced, they became less controversial

11 spate sex public vocational schools remained

Said that coeducation encouraged boy’s rebellious nature and made them hate school

First woman admitted into the Harvard Medical School

Title IX was passed

Woman’s Educational Equality Act was passed

First time women passed men in bachelor degrees earned

Women earn more doctorate degrees than men for the first time

10.2% of the women gain advanced degrees and 10.9% of menBoys are

forced into vocational programs, girls forced into home programs

Theories & Schools of Thought

O Functionalism: studies problems within society & how institutions meet those needs

O Gender Theory: studying gender inequality to understand society

O Learning Theory: most human behaviour is learned

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“Real Life” ContextO Effects on schools and

other educational institutions:O Gender roles in

education are established in kindergarten classrooms

O Schools have tried to create gender-neutral classroom/school environments –to be more inclusive, learning- friendly and gender-sensitive

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http://chiakicross.deviantart.com/art/Gender-Neutrality-352887881

“Real Life” ContextMajor Acts/Policies in

SocietyO Title IX - a portion of

the Education Amendments of 1972

O Women’s Educational Equality Act - 1974

http://blogs.loc.gov/law/2012/11/happy-belated-birthday-title-ix/

http://www.nysut.org/news/2013/june/on-50th-anniversary-of-equal-pay-act-coalition-calls-on-senate-to-bring-womens-equality-act

Gender StereotypesO Boys are smarter at math and sciences

than girlsO Girls are smarter at linguistics and

humanities than boys

http://sorokaeduc311.blogspot.ca/

Gender Stereotypes

O Only Girls can do home-economic type classes

http://eycb.coe.int/compasito/chapter_5/7.html

O Only Boys answer teacher’s questions

Gender Bias O Teacher attention is unequal between gendersO Curriculum favours the male experienceO Gender socialization assures that the girls’

inequality to boys is evident and recognizedO Teachers socialize girls towards the feminine

idealO Use of ‘masculine’ & ‘feminine’ subjectsO Boys are referred for testing for gifted

programs twice as much as girlsO Differentiated attitudes & expectations of

teachers towards girls & boys

Gender Bias

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Gender DiscriminationO Girls are generally seen as better at ‘soft’ subjects

such as languages, history, art and music, and boys better at sports, mathematics and computing

O Pupils felt that male teachers are ‘more intelligent’ than female teachers, but female teachers were ‘more caring’ than male teachers.

O A gender gap in education is actually a function of a teacher's perception of a child's attitude toward school based on the child's attentiveness, task persistence, eagerness to learn, learning independence, flexibility and organization.

O Hard wiring of gender – girls and boys are different

Gender DiscriminationO "Sitting in the same classroom,

reading the same textbook, listening to the same teacher, boys and girls receive very different educations." (Sadker, 1994)

O Not only must there be no gender discrimination in education but we must pressurise for education systems that foster overall gender equity in broader society.

O - Camilla Croso, GCE President

Other Things of NoteO Gender Equality

O StatisticsO Gender Roles-Interviews with Kids

O Gender role perceptionsO Girls Education

O Gender discrimination

Did you know?O Some teachers are unaware of the bias present

in their teaching and how they subconsciously favour boys over girls

O Discrepancies between elementary school performances of boys & girls lead critics to argue that boys are being neglected in the educational system

O An average grade 11 boy writes at the level of a grade 8 girl

O Girls usually develop oral, writing and reading abilities quicker than boys

O Girls have a tendency to sit more in the front or centre of the classroom, closer to the teacher, while boys are mostly occupying margins and periphery of the room

ReferencesO Changing the Face of Medicine | Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell. (n.d.). National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health.

Retrieved October 17, 2013, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_35.htmlO Chapman, A. (n.d.). Gender Bias in Education. EdChange - Diversity, Multicultural, Cultural Competence, & Inclusion Education

Training. Retrieved October 17, 2013, from http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/papers/genderbias.htmlO EHRC - Sex discrimination in education . (n.d.). EHRC - Home. Retrieved October 17, 2013, from

http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/advice-and-guidance/your-rights/gender/sex-discrimination-in-educationO Eisenmann, L. (n.d.). Historical Dictionary of Women's Education in the United States - Google Books. Google Books. Retrieved

October 20, 2013, from http://books.google.ca/books?id=nFt6csjzc48C&pg=PA468&lpg=PA468&dq=frances+elizabeth+willard+%22first+female+college+president%22&source=bl&ots=GwLPliiwJ7&sig=_yrmAHe8bmLxWEIOK6uV1h0Pbmo&hl=en&ei=bRo7TbPMHou_gQfploHbCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&redir_

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O Guledani, K. (n.d.). Gender Influence on Educational Process - Democracy - Gunda Werner Institute. Gunda-Werner-Institut. Retrieved October 17, 2013, from http://www.gwi-boell.de/web/democracy-gender-influence-educational-process-equality-school-university-3079.html

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O PBS Online: Only A Teacher: Teaching Timeline. (n.d.). PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved October 17, 2013, from http://www.pbs.org/onlyateacher/timeline.html

O Sax, L. (2005). Why gender matters: what parents and teachers need to know about the emerging science of sex differences. New York: Doubleday.

O Sax, L. (2007). Boys adrift: the five factors driving the growing epidemic of unmotivated boys and underachieving young men . New York: Basic Books.

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