gender analysis of health and nutrition
TRANSCRIPT
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PRESENTATION ON
GENDER ANALYSIS OF
HEALTH AND NUTRITION
PREPARED BY - GAYATRI RAJBANSHI( PGS14RHS0482) MITALI DALAI.( PGS14RHS0484) RASHMI R.( PGS14RHS0486) MHSC. 1st Yr, 2nd sem. Dpt. Of Textile and Apparel Designing College Of Rural HSc., Dharwad .
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INTRODUCTION
• Gender refers to “the array of socially constructed roles and relationships , personality traits, attitudes, behaviors, values, relative power and it influences that society ascribes to the two sexes on a differential basis”.
• In the last decades, a considerable amount of research has been conducted in the area of gender and health, including gender differences in vulnerability and the impact of specific health conditions.
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• Health- According to WHO, health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
• Nutrition-It is the intake of food, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs.
• Good Nutrition is an adequate, well balanced diet combined with regular physical activity.
It is a cornerstone of good health.
• Poor nutrition can lead to reduced immunity, increased susceptibility to disease, impaired physical and mental development, and reduced productivity.
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• Several studies have shown the positive relationship among education of mothers, household autonomy and the nutritional status of their children.
• During the 10th years of age, the energy and nutrient needs of girls and boys are the same.
Yet in some countries , especially in South Asia, men and boys often receive greater quantities of higher quality, nutritious food such as diary products, because they will become the breadwinners.
• Several studies also found evidence of gender bias in food allocation in childhood and correspondingly in health care allocation.
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NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF WOMEN DURING DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES
Pregnant Women Provide sufficient energy for pregnancy weight gain
(developing baby) Provide all essential nutrients for growth
400ug/day folic acid until week 12
Adequate fibre to prevent constipation 25-35g/day
Increase fluid intake
Increased Energy – extra 200 calories/day during last 3mnths
Increased Iron intake
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Essential fatty acid intake
Vitamin A, Vitamin C – increased need, aids in
absorption of iron
Vitamin D – increased need to aid calcium absorption,
10ug/day
Adequate Calcium – healthy diet should provide
sufficient calcium for mother and baby
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Lactating women• Eat “an additional meal, more food than usual, and a
varied diet.”Up to 6 months post-partum, a woman needs about 500 kcal
• additional food intake, about 400kcal additional food per day
• Take a high dose (200,000IU) capsule and eat foods rich in vitamin A • Continue iron/folic acid supplementation.
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• Consume iodized salt and foods rich in iodine (fish and seafood) .
• Use insecticide-treated bed-nets to reduce malaria infection .
• Seek education on STIs and HIV transmission and prevention .
• Reduce workload and rest to conserve energy .
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Infants, Babies and Toddlers Breast-feeding is optimum feeding for first 6mnths .
Advantages for baby – lower risk of infection, protection against allergens, provides correct mix and quantity of nutrients, baby only takes what it needs .
Advantages for mother – No preparation needed, help with weight loss after birth, associated with lower risk of certain cancers; eg. breast, ovarian .
Vitamin A, C & D and calcium all important for infants .
Cow’s milk contains more protein, less fat, lactose and Vit A & C .
Weaning – transition on to a mixed diet, advised
at 6mnths .
Suggested introductory foods; pureed cooked
vegetables and pureed fruit
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Pre-School / School Age Children
Children between 1-4yrs have high energy
and nutrient needs. Variable appetite
relating to fluctuations in growth rate .
Important nutrients include; Calcium and Vit. D, Fibre / NSP, Iron and Fluoride .
Should avoid high fat, high salt and high sugar food
from age 5, children should have a healthy balanced diet .
Children’s families exert most influence over their eating and physical activity habits .
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Adolescents
Biological, psychosocial and cognitive
changes affect nutritional status.
Rapid growth increases nutrient needs.
Nutrient deficiencies or common health
- compromising eating behaviours.
Need for calcium and Vitamin D to build bone
density; Iron to prevent iron-deficiency
anaemia; Zinc for essential mineral growth
Watch intake of high salt, high sugar and fatty
foods
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Early = 21-39 yrs .
Midlife = 40-59 yrs .
Important to develop beneficial nutritional and lifestyle
choices to support physical and mental health and well-
being in old age .
Reduce fat intake to 30% or less; limit saturated fats to
less than 10%; limit cholesterol to 300mg/day .
Five or more portion s of fruit and vegetables daily .
Maintain moderate protein intake .
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Vitamin and mineral supplements in excess of RDA not
advised .
Balance food intake and physical activity to maintain
normal weight
Main health issues; obesity, inactivity, high cholesterol,
high blood pressure, prevention of diseases . eg. CVD,
cancer .
Younger adults more unhealthy than older adults .
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Old age People Some nutrients are of particular importance in older people; fibre
(constipation), calcium and Vitamin D (fractures), Vitamin B12 and Iron
(anaemia) .
Some specific nutrients may be needed in increased amounts for individuals; eg. Protein and zinc (wound healing) .
Ill health and ageing process impacts on nutrition .
Main age-related body changes; decrease in muscle mass,
slower uptake of vitamin A, decline in immune function,
decreased absorption of certain vitamins and minerals .
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Deficiency Diseases in Different Life Stage of Women
Pregnancy1. Anemia-Iron Deficiency2. Constipation- Protein and Fiber deficiency3. Thyroid disease- Iodine Deficiency4. Pregnancy Induced hypertensionLactating Mother And Baby5. Jaundice6. Tuberculosis7. Influenza8. Hepatitis B & C9. BeriberiGirl Child :10. Protein Energy Malnutrition- Marasmus, Kwashiorkor11. Influenza12. PneumoniaAdolescence :13. Aneamia14. Under nutrition ( being too thin or too short )
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– Adult women :1. Hypothyroidism2. Diabetes3. Hypertension4. Cardiovascular diseases5. Rheumatoid Arthritis6. Anemia– Old age women :1. Osteoporosis2. Cardiovascular diseases3. Cataracts ( vision problem )4. Arthritis5. Paralysis or Parkinson disease
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Food Discrimination• Nutritional demand vary depending on age, sex, health,
status and activity level.
• In the reproductive years of women, especially during pregnancy and lactation women have specific additional nutrient requirement, which determine both their own and their children’s nutritional status.
• These extra needs are not always recognized and women and children suffers the consequences.
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Conclusion• Women themselves are often the victims of food discrimination
which comprises the nutritional and health status of female family member.
• And many household and communities, women and girls eat only the food that is left after the males in the family have eaten. This often results in chronic under nutrition.
• In parts of South Asia men and boys consume twice as many calories even though women and girl do much of the heavy work.
• A study in India found that girls are four times more likely to suffer from acute malnutrition than boys are.
CONCLUSION
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THANK YOU