GENDER

Adults use gender to….Form Impressions

Interpret Behavior

Socially Constructed

Biological differences between males and females=sex

Characteristics of MalesCharacteristics of

Females

Gender Roles….

All cultures define roles differently…

Big Boys don’t cry!

The lipstick effect Stereotype Threat

Gender Identify….

Your personal, private sense of gender (male, female, both, neither)

Women cry more than menWomen smile more than menMen curse more than womenWomen are more likely to talk about their personal livesHolding a cigarette- women hold it up/men hold it down

When is Gender Identity Formed?-Lawrence Kohlberg

Some people have a sense of being male/female and label themselves as such (2-3 years old).

For others it takes longer to realize their gender identities, especially if they are transgender or gender nonconforming.

Gender identity can remain constant for one’s whole life or can change over time.

This addresses when but not “how” children learn about gender….Gender-Schema theory

Gender-Schema theory: Children decide if objects, activities or behaviors are “male” or “female” and then decide whether they should act accordingly.

Many cultural variations…

●Mundugumor (New Guinea) both genders are “fierce”, “aggressive” (male?)

●Tanbiouli (Egypt) roles are reversed.●Mohave (Native American) 4 genders:A womanA woman who acts like a manA manA man who acts like a woman

Androgynous= Both male and female aspects

Transgender Intersex

Describes anyone whose gender identity does not align with the gender they were assigned at birth

Having unrecognized genitalia or both male and female genitalia

Gender non-binary

Umbrella term describing anyone whose gender identity is not “male” or “female” but is either neither, both, or fluctuating between the two

Gender and the price of happiness…

Advertising, Image and Self-esteem

Killing Us SoftlyAdvertising’s Image of

Women