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Gemstones in Greenland
Anette juul-Nielsen and Lærke Louise Thomsen
Ministry of Mineral Resources
China Mining Congress & Expo
October 22nd 2015
Outline
Gemstone overview Ruby and sapphire Diamonds
Gemstone Overview
Great variety of gemstones
Occurrences throughout Greenland
NW-Greenland
Agate, chalcedony, almandine
Central W-Greenland
Ruby, sapphire, diamond, beryl,
tourmaline, nuummite,
greenlandite, kornerupine
SW-Greenland
Tugtupite, amazonite, amethyst,
moonstone, sodalite, labradorite
E-Greenland
Corundum, agate, chalcedony
Chalcedony
Agate
Chalcedony
Almandine Chalcedony
Agate
Almandine Diamond
Greenlandite
Beryl
Nuummite
Tourmaline
Ruby
Sapphire
Kornerupine
Amazonite
Amethyst
Moonstone
Tugtupite, Sodalite, Labradorite
Corundum
Chalcedony
Agate
Greenlandite
SiO2 & KCr2(Si3Al)O10(OH,F)2
Microcrystalline green to bluish
green quartz
Nuuk, W-Greenland
First discovered at Isukasia
Age of 3.8 billion years
Photo: GEUS
Tugtupite
Na4BeAlSi4O12Cl
Closely related to sodalite
Color: White to intense red color, light blue or violet
Hydrothermal veins at Ilimaussaq Complex, S-Greenland
Intense yellowish orange flourescense (LW-UV) + strongly purplish red (SW-UV)
Tenebrescence: From white/pink to red when exposed to daylight
High demand, but scarce occurrences
Photo: GEUS
Nuummite
(Mg, Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2 & (Mg, Fe)5Al2(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Vulcanic origin + metamorphic alteration
Color: Dark brown to black
Iridescence mainly yellow, golden, blue or blue-green
Nuuk, W-Greenland
Ruby & Sapphire
Red or pink variety most common
Blue variety known from Nuuk area
Host rock primarily anorthosite or
schist
Widespread occurrences, especially
in Central W-Greenland
Most well-known is the Fiskenaesset
anorthosite complex
Ruby/Sapphire Exploration
Exploration of corundum is limited
True North Gems Inc.:
Aappaluttoq, SW-Greenland
Within the Fiskenaesset anorthosite complex
True North Gems Inc.
Aappaluttoq
Ruby/Sapphire Exploration – Fiskenaesset Complex
Fiskenaesset Anorthosite Complex
Comprises anorthosites, leuco-gabbros, gabbros and ultramafic rocks
Infolded with amphibolites and gneisses
Ruby/sapphire is often associated with green tschermakite
Ruby/sapphire is typically found at the amphibolite contact zone
Ruby/Sapphire Exploration – True North Gems Inc.
Explored since 2004
Located several
occurrences
Aappaluttoq discovered
in 2005
Map: True North Gems Inc.
Ruby/Sapphire Exploration – True North Gems Inc.
Pink sapphires abundant in Al-rich gabbro
Rubies abundant in phlogopite
The size range of rough: Microscopic to 80 grams in weight
Gem quality typically 1-10 grams
Aappaluttoq
Indicated resource: 189,100 t @ 313 g/t corundum (296.5 mio. carats)
Inferred ressource: 77,200 t @ 283 g/t corundum (109.5 mio. carats)
Amount of near-gem and gem quality: 31.3% ruby and 40.8% sapphire
Ruby/Sapphire Exploration – True North Gems Inc.
Exploitation licence granted in
March 2014
Presently under construction
Open pit
Production start primo 2016
Photo: True North Gems Inc. Photo: True North Gems Inc.
Photo: True North Gems Inc.
Ruby/Sapphire Exploration – Government
All material from the Moxie
Pictures Inc. prospect was
submitted to the Greenland
Government
In total: 42.5 g of ruby and
sapphire rough
Size: 1-5 mm
Majority was transparent with
slightly purplish red to
redpurple color
Further studies are planned
as part of a characterization
project
Ruby/Sapphire Exploration – Government
Samples collected from 8 localities in Qeqertarsuatsiaat (Fiskenaesset) area
Results indicate that samples from Qeqertarsuatsiaat might be distinguished
from other Greenlandic occurrences
More tests to be conducted by GEUS and GIT
Diamond Exploration
Diamond discoveries in
Canada triggered
exploration in Greenland in
mid-1990’s
Central W-Greenland
between Nuuk and
Sisimiut the most
prospective area
Map: GEUS
Diamond Exploration
Not many companies
focusing on diamond
exploration
Hudson Resources Inc.:
Sarfartoq
Hudson Resources Inc.
Sarfartoq
Map: GEUS
Diamond Exploration – Hudson Resources Inc.
Kimberlite dyke
Extracted a total of 1,740 macrodiamonds (>0.85 mm in 3 dimensions)
>100 carats recovered
The largest diamond is 2.5 carat
Colors: Most are colorless, but also pink, grey and amber colored
The project is momentarily on stand by
Photo: Hudson Resources Inc. Photo: Hudson Resources Inc.
Conclusion
Gemstone exploration is limited at present
The gemstone potential is there
Ruby mine soon to begin production
Thank you!