ged the door to your future: social studies world history:15% of the test world history:15% of the...
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GED the door to your future:
Social Studies
• World History:World History: 15% of the test15% of the test• US History:US History: 25% 25% of the of the
testtest• Government:Government: 25% of the test25% of the test• Economics:Economics: 20% of the test20% of the test• Geography:Geography: 15% of the test15% of the test
The Foundations of US History and US
Government“That government is best which
governs least.” Thomas Paine
“governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed” Thomas Jefferson
“I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death.” Patrick Henery
Important Documents in US History
• The Declaration of Independence
• The Constitution
• The Bill of Rights
The Declaration of Independence
Signed on July 4, 1776
Written by Thomas Jefferson
Explains why the American colonies declared independence from England
The Declaration of Independence Continued
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America
When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
The Constitution
• Signed September 17, 1787
• Written to strengthen the federal government and provide the structure of our government
• After reading The Constitution, Thomas Jefferson said that it need a Bill of Rights
• The Bill of Rights was adopted in Dec. 15, 1791 and added to the Constitution as Amendments
• The Bill of Rights spells out freedoms guaranteed to American Citizens under the Constitution
The Constitution Continued
The Preamble to the ConstitutionWe, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the United States of America.
The Bill of RightsRights Guaranteed by the Constitution:
Amendment I
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
The Bill of RightsRights Guaranteed by the Constitution:
Amendment II
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
The Bill of RightsRights Guaranteed by the Constitution:
Amendment IV
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
The Bill of RightsRights Guaranteed by the Constitution:
Amendment V
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
Our Government
What type of government do we have in the US?
What are the three branches of Government?
Why are there three branches of government and what are their roles?
The Executive BranchThe Presidency:
Approves laws that the congress makes: he may sign a bill and it becomes law or choose not to sign it; that is called a veto.
He cannot make laws, that is the responsibility of the congress.
The president is the head of state; he meets with other world leaders and can enter into treaties.
He is the commander of the military. He can send the military to other countries but must have congresses approval to declare war.
A president’s term is four years; he may serve only two terms
The Legislative Branch
The CongressThe Congress is made up of two houses:
The Senate and the House of Representatives
Each state has two senators: There are 100 Senators total. Do you know ours?
The number of congressmen vary from state to state; what determines the number of congressmen?
The Legislative BranchHow a Bill becomes Law
A senator or congressmen introduces a bill.The bill is assigned a number and given a
name; usually the name of the sponsor.The bill goes to committee where it may be
altered to satisfy other house or senate members.
The bill is voted on and passed to the other chamber. (Senate to the House, or House to the senate)
If it passes both Houses it goes to the presidents desk; if he signs it, it becomes a law.
The Judicial Branch
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States.
It responsibility is to assure that laws passed by congress are in line with the Constitution and the Bill of rights.
The Supreme Court only hears about 150 cases a year.
Understanding Political Cartoons
This is an original cartoon by Benjamin Franklin about the American Revolution.
Understanding Political Cartoons
Symbolism: using simple objects to stand for larger concepts.
Exaggeration: overdoing the physical characteristics of people of things.
Analogy: a comparison between two unlike things.
Irony: the difference between the way things are and what they are expected to be.
Understanding Political CartoonsSymbols
Uncle Sam: United States
Donkeys: Democrats
Elephants: Republicans
The Statue of Liberty: Freedom
Eagle: American Strength and Freedom
Understanding Political CartoonsExaggeration
President G.W. Bush portrayed as a cowboy with oversized ears
Understanding Political CartoonsAnalogies
Here a serpent and a woodpecker represent Hitler before WWII
Understanding Political CartoonsIrony: The difference between the way things are from what
they are expected to be. Can you see the irony in this
cartoon?
Who is the gunner and who is holding the ammo?
Understanding Political CartoonsOccasionally the images can be very powerful, as in this last cartoon.
Economic Systems
Capitalism: Market Economy, Free Enterprise, Free Trade
Command Economy: Socialism and Communism
Mixed Economy: Has both Capitalistic and Socialistic Components in the Economy
Economic Vocabulary
Supply and Demand
Inflation
Depression and Recession
Industrialization Global Economy and Globalization
More Demographic Data: Income Chart for Washington
Because incomes fluctuate greatly in the ten years between counts, the Census cannot provide us with income trends. Rather, it takes a snapshot of income levels and depicts a general picture of income rise, fall and change.