[gcua slu 2014] food wastage and life cycle analysis

8/11/2019 [GCUA SLU 2014] Food Wastage and Life Cycle Analysis

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FOOD WASTE

Mattias ErikssonSwedish University of

Agricultural Sciences

Foto: Anna hnberg

Department of Energy and Technology


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Definitions


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Definitions have large influence

30% waste = All food that could have been eaten if treated different

57% waste = All eatable crops not eaten61% waste = All unneccesary crops not eaten

Examples of otherpossible losses:

Unharvested crops Dead animals Unused land

Lack of efficency

Lundqvist, J., C. de Fraiture and D. Molden. Saving Water: From Field to ForkCurbing Losses and Wastage in the Food Chain. SIWI Policy Brief. SIWI, 2008.


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In the world


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4%

34%

FAO (2011): 1/3 of the food that is

produced for human consumption is lost


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Different causes of losses

Low income countries Rich countries

the food is rejected

PackagingUnbroken cold chainsHigh hygien levelsFast transports

Animals (insects, rodents)

Heat, microorganismsOpen storage

the food is lost

Unplanned purchasesFear of Best-before-datesWe can afford it

Foto: David Ljungberg, SLU Foto: Anna hnberg


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In Sweden


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Official Swedish Food

Waste Data

Sector Wasted quantity (ton) Share (%)

Agriculture ? ?

Food Industry 171 000 16 Retail 67 000 6

Restaurants 127 000 12

School kitchens 30 000 3

Households 674 000 63

Total 1 070 000 100

source: SMED, 2013, http://www.smed.se/avfall/rapporter/rapportserie-smed/2911


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Does the food wastage

matter?

Food: ca 25 % of the

Swedes climate impact

The households discardca 14% of the purchasedweight of foods 7% ofthe food carbon footprint.

http://www.naturvardsverket.se/Documents/publikationer/978-91-620-5903-3.pdf

http://www.slv.se/upload/dokument/rapporter/mat_miljo/2011_livsmedelsverket_4_livsmedelssvinn_i_hushall_och_skolor.pdf

http://www.konsumentforeningenstockholm.se/Global/Konsument%20och%20Milj%c3%b6/Rapporter/Rapport_KfS_Klimatavtryck%20fr%c3%a5n%20hush%c3%a5llens%20matavfall_aug%202009.pdf


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Examples from Swedishsupermarkets


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From quantification to reduction

1. Quantification of waste

2. Identification of causes3. Design of measures

4. Evaluation of measures


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Quantities and hot spots


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Different units influence resultsAverage waste per store and per year

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

86 ton 1.6 MSEK 130 ton CO2e

Share

fromeachdepartment(%) Cheese

Dairy

Meat

Fresh fruits andvegetables

Deli


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Tomato, sweet pepper and

banana dominates carbon

footprint of F&V dept.


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Minced meat dominates carbon

footprint of meat department


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Causes


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Commonly mentioned causes Short best before dates

Bad orders

Empty shelf not allowed

Unsufficient quality of deliverd goods

Legal requirements


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Banana waste in supermarket 1&2

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 101103

Waste(%)

Week (Supermarket 1)

In-store waste Pre-store waste

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 101103

Waste(%)

Week (Supermarket 2)


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Seasonal waste (Prins sausage)

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

W

aste(%)

Week

Sold mostly at Easter, Midsummer and Christmas; 30 days shelf life


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Best before

dates

Turnover

Shelf life


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Measures for reduced retailfood waste


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Proposed target from the Swedish

Environmental Protection Agency:

20% reduction of food waste

from 2010 to 2020

Svinnreducerande tgrder i butikEffekter p kvantitet, ekonomi och klimatpverkan

Mattias Eriksson och Ingrid Strid

rapport 6594 d ecember 2013

Measures for food waste reduction in retail stores- capacities, economy and climate impact

Mattias Eriksson and Ingrid Strid


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Two management strategies:

Reduce the inflow or valorize the waste

Meat

Prevention Valorization

Frozen minced meat

Dairy

Computer aidedordering system

Deli

Cheese

Fruit andvegetables

Waste

management

Charity donations

Second handmarket

Restrictedreclamations

Nocampaigns


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Results for waste reduction

MeasureReduced quantity(%)

Reduced carbon footprint(%)

Restricted reclamations

40

22

Charity donation 35 15Active ordering with forecastsystem

7,0

24

Second hand market for

meat (beef and pork cuts)

1,8

17

Ban on F&V campaigns

0,75

0,44

Frozen minced meat insteadof chilled

0,40 5,3


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If prevention or valorization for

human consumption is not possible,which option comes next?
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/smm/images/FoodRpng_700pxw.png


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Valorisation of food waste


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Valorisation of food waste

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

banana chicken lettuce beef bread

GWPforWM(kgCO2/kg

FW)

Waste managemanet scenario and type of food wasted

Landfill Incineration Composting Anaerobic digestion Animal feed Donation


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Questions


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Thank you for your attention!


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Life cycle assessment of food

Cecilia Sundberg

[email protected]


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Outline

An environmental engineering perspective on

sustainability Quantifying environmental impacts with LCA

Applying knowledge from LCA

A few words on transition


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Can sustainability be quantified?

timepast now future

sustainability


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timepast now future

sustainability

Defintionof indicator

?

Accuracy

of data

?

Changes inproduction

systems?

Changes in

consumption

patterns?


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Sustainability?

Our life and future, together, on this planet.

We need food and fuel


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timepast now future

sustainability

Defintionof indicator

?


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Multiple dimensions ofsustainability

biodiversity

resource use

climate change

environmental

economic

social phosphorous

fossil fuel

water


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Why life cycle assessment

(LCA)?


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Why LCA? How large are the environmental impacts from

the food sector?

How much can the environmental impacts be

reduced by minimising food waste?

Decision-makers in business and

government need answers!

LCA adresses these questions!


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Life cycle assessment of 1 kg bread

Farming Production

and

packaging

Transports

Emissions

Energy

and

materials

Consumption
http://images.google.se/imgres?imgurl=http://www.hasslefreeclipart.com/clipart_food/bread_loaf.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.hasslefreeclipart.com/clipart_food/page1.html&h=267&w=362&sz=7&tbnid=M6YXrxqKisO3QM:&tbnh=86&tbnw=117&hl=sv&start=1&prev=/images?q=clipart+bread&svnum=10&hl=sv&lr=http://images.google.se/imgres?imgurl=http://www.tailspinstudio.com/clipart/images/Factory.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.tailspinstudio.com/clipart/things.htm&h=197&w=242&sz=6&tbnid=LEOhV2HMmQF22M:&tbnh=85&tbnw=105&hl=sv&start=5&prev=/images?q=clipart+factory&svnum=10&hl=sv&lr=http://images.google.se/imgres?imgurl=http://www.abheritage.ca/abnature/environmental/graphics/waste_clip.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.abheritage.ca/abnature/environmental/waste_reduction.htm&h=97&w=115&sz=2&tbnid=UwmZ197K2kDNVM:&tbnh=69&tbnw=82&hl=sv&start=51&prev=/images?q=clipart+waste&start=40&svnum=10&hl=sv&lr=&sa=Nhttp://images.google.se/imgres?imgurl=http://www.hasslefreeclipart.com/clipart_food/bread_loaf.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.hasslefreeclipart.com/clipart_food/page1.html&h=267&w=362&sz=7&tbnid=M6YXrxqKisO3QM:&tbnh=86&tbnw=117&hl=sv&start=1&prev=/images?q=clipart+bread&svnum=10&hl=sv&lr=


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Phases in LCA

Wikimedia Commons


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timepast now future

sustainability

Accuracy

of data

?


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Climate impact of food

60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

Potato CF (g CO2e per kg)

Densityofdata

95 % of all results

Rs, Sundberg & Hansson 2010, Int J LCA


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gCO2eperkg

potatoes



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Then what

how can LCA data be used?


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How can LCA data be used?

Guiding research priorities

Choice of waste treatment methodology Diets environment and nutrition

Future scenarios


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Guiding research priorities

Identifying knowledge gaps



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From production to consumption- from foods to diets

environment

health


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References

On Waste management in Uganda: Allan Kommakech,PhD thesis to be published in October 2014

http://epsilon.slu.se Organic Production and climate change

http://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-

broshyr-webb-eng.pdf Rs, Karlsson, Witthft, Sundberg, Evaluating the

sustainability of diets combining environmental andnutritional aspects. Submitted manuscript
http://epsilon.slu.se/http://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://www.slu.se/Documents/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/epok/Publikationer/Klimatsyntes-broshyr-webb-eng.pdfhttp://epsilon.slu.se/


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Conclusion?

LCA of agricultural systems

Gives one important perspective on sustainability of society

Can inform about environmental impacts of production - innumbers

Is crucial for decisions about technical systems, production and

consumption

The decision-makers dream: condensing all information toa single number

The scientistsjob: interpreting all the numbers and

combining them to useful information