GCSE PEGCSE PE

TASK (5 mins)

• What are the functions of the skeleton?• Which do you think is the most

important function & why?• What is a joint?• What are the different types of

movement that can occur at a joint?– Name & define

Exercise & the skeletal system

• Read & make notes on page 157

Signs & Symptoms

SignsSigns• What you can see• What you can feel• What you may hear or smell

SymptomsSymptoms• What the player feels and conveys to

you

Types of injuryTypes of injury

FracturesFracturesJoint InjuriesJoint InjuriesMuscle/Soft tissue injuriesMuscle/Soft tissue injuriesSkin damageSkin damage

Fractures• A fracture is a broken or cracked bone. Fractures can

occur from a blow, or often by severe twisting or wrenching of a joint.

• Sign The noise as it breaks Swelling and bruising Deformity at the point of the break

• Symptoms pain at the site of injury Inability to move limb

FracturesFractures• Main types of fracture:Main types of fracture:• OpenOpen

– When the broken bone protrudes through the skin & When the broken bone protrudes through the skin & bleeding may also be present.bleeding may also be present.

• ClosedClosed– When the skin over the break is not brokenWhen the skin over the break is not broken

• CompoundCompound– When the fractured bone has also caused other When the fractured bone has also caused other

injuries.injuries.

Joint injuries• Twisted ankle joint

• Dislocation

• Torn Cartilage

• Tennis & Golf elbow

Twisted ankle joint One of the most common injuries in sport. One of the most common injuries in sport. Occurs when the fibres of the ligaments and/or Occurs when the fibres of the ligaments and/or

tendons are torn loose from their attachment. tendons are torn loose from their attachment. The joint is forced beyond its normal range of The joint is forced beyond its normal range of

movement.movement. If in doubt treat the injury as a fracture.If in doubt treat the injury as a fracture.SignsSigns• Swelling and bruisingSwelling and bruisingSymptomsSymptoms• Pain the player may feel at site of injuryPain the player may feel at site of injury

DislocationsCan occur from a blow – that is a collision with an

opponent or from a fall that causes one of the bones to come out of the joint.

SignsSigns• Deformity at the joint, with the joint locked in position• Likely to be swellingSymptomsSymptoms• Severe pain at or near the joint• There may also be a fracture of one of the bones & if

there is any doubt the injury should be treated as a fracture.

Torn CartilageCan occur when the femur changes direction

quickly and traps cartilage that can be torn under the pressure e.g. when pivoting on one foot.

SignsSigns• Player cannot straighten the joint• Player falls to the ground and suffer pain on the

inside of the kneeSymptomsSymptoms• The severe pain felt by the casualty

Tennis & Golf Elbow

• Both are tendon injuries caused by overuse

• Tennis elbow– Pain on the outside

• Golf elbow– Pain on the inside

Treatment for joint injuries & muscle/soft tissue injuries• RICERICE

– Rest: stop playing or training– Ice: apply ice or cold pack

• Will cause blood vessels and surrounding tissues to contract. This will reduce blood flow to the area.

• Remove ice pack after 10/12 mins & repeat every 3 hours if necessary.

– Compression: using pressure to hold ice pack on the injury

– Elevation: raise the injury & keep it that way for 24 hours. • The force of gravity will help to drain excess fluid from the

damaged area.