1

CHAPTER 1

1.1 Introduction

To meet the goals of this course, Green Building Technology, we were

given a project to be carried out in groups. We are required to provide

a plan for the green technology construction of two storey bungalow

house. The floor area fir this plan is estimated to be approximately

3500 square feet, located on the campus of the Universiti Tun Hussein

Onn Malaysia. The design of this construction project involving all the

courses we have learned from the first semester until now.

As we know, buildings have extensive direct and indirect impacts on

the environment. During their construction, occupancy, renovation,

repurposing and demolition, building use energy, water and raw

materials, generate waste and emit potentially harmful atmospheric

emission. These facts have prompted the creation of green building

standards, certification and rating system aimed at mitigating the

impact of buildings on the natural environment through sustainable

design.

“Green Building” is high performance structures that also meet certain

standard for reducing natural resources consumption. Green or

Sustainable buildings are characterized by:

i. Efficient management of energy and water resources

ii. Management of materials resources and waste

iii. Restoration and protection of environmental quality

iv. Enhancement and protection of health and indoor environment

quality

v. Reinforcement of natural systems

vi. Analysis of the cycle costs and benefits of materials and

method

2

vii. Integration of the design decision making process

Intelligent Building a building that integrates technology and process

to create a facility that safer, more comfortable and productive for its

occupants and more operationally efficient for its owners. Advanced

technology combined with improved processes for design occupant

comfort and productivity while reducing energy consumption and

operations.

Green Building Index (GBI) is Malaysia’s green rating tool for

buildings and towns, created to promote sustainability in the built-

environment and raise awareness of environmental issues. A Green

building focuses on increasing the efficiency of resource use energy,

water, and materials while reducing building impact on human health

and the environment during the building’s lifecycle, through better

sitting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal.

Green Buildings should be designed and operated to reduce the

overall impact of the built environment on its surroundings.

GSB encourages all members of Project Teams, Building Owners,

Developers and other interested parties including Contractors,

Government, and Design and Build Contractors to use the Green

Building Index to validate environmental initiatives at the design

phase of new construction or base building refurbishment or

construction and procurement phase of buildings. Use of the Green

Building Index is encouraged on all such projects to assess and

improve their environmental attributes. Use of the Green Building

Index tool without formal certification by an independent accredited

GBI Certifier does not entitle the user or any other party to promote

the Green Building Index rating achieved. No fee is payable to GSB

for such use, however formal recognition of the Green Building Index

rating - and the right to promote same requires undertaking the formal

certification process offered by Green building index Sdn. Bhd.

3

1.2 Objectives

i. Understand the green building system, building technology

method and sustainable concepts.

ii. Designed house or building to reduce overall impact on human

health and the natural environment by using energy, water and

other resources efficiently and reducing waste, pollution and

environmental degradation

1.3 Problem statement

Lastly, all universities should align their academic and public programs

to have coherence, as well address local environmental issues and

requirements in order to enhance sustainable development

4

CHAPTER 2

2.1 Company Profile

Company Name: JUST A TECHNOLOGY SDN. BHD.

Date of Establishment: September 01, 2012

No. Company Registration: 7817422-U

Registered Address:

A-21 LEVEL 2, 9 Lorong Tun Ismail. 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah

Persekutuan.

Phone / Fax: 03 – 2960571/ 03 - 2968644

Branch Address:

306 of Vision 14 Vision Park, 86800 Batu Pahat, Johor.

Phone/ Fax: 09 – 5553460/ 09 - 5453152

Type of business

Building Contract, wash Building, Civil Engineering Technology, Supply of

Raw Materials and Materials, Maintenance and Operation.

Quotes

"A society that is scientifically progressive and innovative is not only an

adopter of technology but a contributor of knowledge on scientific and

technology bas”

5

2.2 Organization Chart

JUST A TECHNOLOGY SDN. BHD.

BOARD OF

DIRECTOR

PROJECT MANAGERMUHAMMAD ARIF AMZAR BIN MOHD

YUSUF

PLANNING ENGINEERSITI NOR

ASIAH BINTI MUZAKIR

CONSTRUCTION MANAGER

(ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY)AINUL HUSNA

BINTI SAIFUDING

CHIEF LAND SURVEYOR

ASST. LAND SURVEYOR

PROJECT ENGINEERIN

G

SAFETY OFFICER

QUANTITY SURVEYOR

MATERIAL ENGINEER

6

Organization Chart (Top)

PROJECT MANAGER

(TECHNOLOGY ENG.)

MUHAMMAD ARIF AMZAR BIN MOHD YUSUF

PLANNING ENGINEER

(TECHNOLOGY ENG.)

SITI NOR ASIAH BINTI MUZAKIR

CONSTRUCTION MANAGER

(TECHNOLOGY ENG.)

AINUL HUSNA BINTI SAIFUDING

7

2.3 FILA table

Facts Ideas Learning Issues

Actions

The soil properties is very soft soils.

Using a pyramid-shaped floating foundation concept

What is the advantages of using pyramid-shaped floating foundation?

Pyramid-shaped floating foundation can eliminate the expansions of soils below.

The location plan is in UTHM

Near to institutional buildings, next to the ORICC and opposite of FKMP.

Why choose that place?

Near to entrance and exit way of UTHM.

Recycled aggregates

Makes efficient use of old aggregates.

Why using the recycled aggregates as main mixture?

Cheaper and save the environment.

Industrialised building system (IBS)

Components and materials for construction are manufactured in controlled environment.

Which is have the best quality between IBS and normal construction materials?

Less time taken, more cost savings, higher quality, environmentally friendly.

Solar panel The efficient use of radiation of sunlight.

Does solar panel will results in pollution?

Reducing the cost of energy use.

Glass wall Maximizing the lighting source of the house

How to filter the heat from the sunlight from entering the house?

A double layer of glass wall with an argon gas between it.

Hexagon shaped bungalow

Simple and innovative house concept.

How the hexagon shape influence the green building concept?

Easy to build, hence will saving the labour cost.

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2.4 Working Progress

1

The task givenTitle project: Please Save Our CountrySet up groupName of company, Organization and Company profile

2

Earthwork- Select a site on the campus of the University.- Planning the design, construction and operation- Approval of the local authorities involved in the project running.

3

Building Design- Bungalow 2 floors- The orientation of the building- Design openings, ventilation systems, construction materials, electrical systems and equipment selection,- Energy supply, water, wifi etc.- The safety aspect, fire,

4

Infrastructure- The entry and exit routes- Irrigation and drainage

Structure- The structure of the building meets the standard- Identify the technologies that are environmentally friendly green building

5

Construction Materials- For building envelope- Green materials- Insulations

6

Facility and System- For occupant comfort- IEQ and IAQ

7Submit Report and Presentation

9

2.5 Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Process

1

GROUP SETTING / SETTING ATMOSPHEREIntroduce members.Establish ground rules.Define roles of facilitators and students

2

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION / TRIGGERPresent the problem.Identify and clarify problem.Describe the problem.

3IDEA GENERATION / HYPOTHESISInquire the possible ideas (to understand or solve the problem).

4

LEARNING ISSUESDetermine what needs to be learnt in order to understand or Solve the problem.Generate learning issues and action plan.Inquire the research sources.

5SELF-DIRECTED LEARNINGSeek and summarize relevant information.

6

SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONEvaluate sources of information for credibility and validity.Conduct peer sharing of information.Apply relevant knowledge to the problem.Develop more learning issues, if necessary.Discuss, develop and justify solution and explanation.

7

REFLECTION AND FEEDBACKConduct self and group feedback on group functioning, individual problem solving process, knowledge learnt, solution and facilitator’s facilitation.

10

CHAPTER 3

3.1Approval Of Local Authorities Involved

The local authority is a body established by legislation and the activity is

limited to the powers and duties provided in the legislation. If they do not act

according to the law, the act is ultra vires (beyond the powers) and the court

can stop him. This principle is fundamental to the status of local government

function. However, for housing projects in the universities area, the

representative of the local authorities is Property Administration Office (PPH),

Development and Facilities Section.

Planning permission by the Department of Planning and Building Delivery

Landowners must submit the application for planning to the Planning

Department for approval. This application should be made through submit the

site plans and building plans to be built on the land for the purpose of

planning department approval, if the approval was given, the landlord must

make progress payments in accordance with section 34 (1), Act 172 Urban

And Rural Planning. If the first application does not approved, the owner can

apply second application and they can identify the mistakes that are made in

the first application. The plans will then be processed for the purposes of the

application.

3.2 Building Approvals by The Building Department.

After obtaining approval from the department plans planners, the landowners

will submit building plans to be processed by the building department for

approval. The building plan should comply with the conditions for approval.

The building plan must fulfill the requirements laid down by local authorities

and Uniform Building By Law (UBBL). After approval is obtained, construction

will begin to the landowners until the completion of construction for the

application of Certificate of Fitness for Occupation (CFO)

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All application form which is completed by the applicant together with support

letters will be processed by the local authority for approval certificate of

fitness for the building that was completed. The department that is involved in

the processing department of building that is operated by the secretariat of

the one-stop center.

The purpose of construction site inspection for the new building in the

construction project is:

i. To ensure that the building owners who apply the withdraw of CFO are

provided all facilities including all entrance and exit provided under

section 25 (1) (b) of the Uniform Building By Law (UBBL) 1984 (2).

ii. To ensure that the construction of infrastructure in the areas such as

drainage ditches, utility poles, pipes, a cross-in and others have been

agreed upon by the local authorities.

iii. To ensure that the construction and other construction have been

completed followed the building plans that were approved by local

authorities at the request approvals stages.

3.3Technical Departments Involved In The Project

Technical departments that involved in obtaining letters of support for the

project is the construction of Public Works Departments (JKR), Drainage And

Irrigation Department (JPS), Fire And Rescue Department (BOMBA), The

Department Of Water Supply, Limited National Energy Departments And

Sewerage Services And Telecoms (TNB).

Public Work Department (JKR)

Public works departments (JKR) is directly involved to review on the structure

of construction carried out in the construction area is complied with in

accordance with the terms of the plan or not. Technical requirements for the

Public Works Department (JKR) to obtain support releasing the certificate of

fitness for occupations (CFO) are:

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i. All road reserves, drainage and other facilities have been provided in

the construction project in accordance with the standards that is set

out in the Uniform Building By Laws (1984).

ii. reserve water tank has been prepared at high position to ensure that

the needs of the people who will inhabit these areas will be met

iii. all provide water drainage should be replaced with a large trench to

avoid the complexity of the adjacent areas

iv. ensure drains and ditches built function properly so that it does not

threaten the health of people who will inhabit the area

v. structures such as culverts and bridges need to be expanded to

accommodate the increased runoff surface road a head

vi. JKR party will give a review on the above matter to make sure whether

it is safe for residential areas

Drainage And Irrigation Department (JPS)

Drainage And Irrigation Department will provide confirmation in the terms of

the construction of the drainage system that will be built according to the plan

approved by the Department during the releasing of planning permission. The

requirements on support issuance of a Certificate of Fitness for Occupation

(CFO) are related to the following:

the size of the main drain

the size of the trench

rivers and ditches

size, number and types of sewers

13

Through onsite inspection, JPS will provide a confirmation and support for

Certification Of Fitness For Occupation (CFO)

Fire and Rescue Department (JBP)

Fire And Rescue Department (JBP) is the department that is responsible for

ensuring that the area or building has the of high security characteristics

before the building is handed over to the user.

The requirement that is set by the Fire and Rescue Department is:

i. Have a fire hydrant and it is located in a suitable area so that it can be

used without restrictions. Fire hydrants provided must be sufficient in

size minimum air pressure that is not less than 1362 liters / minute

according to specifications JBP.

ii. The suitability of the entrance road for the fire engines going in

emergency cases such as the area of road, bridge, road gradient and

so on.

Syarikat Air Johor (SAJ)

Water supply provided by the developer in accordance with rules set by the

state water company as the need for a letter of support to the certificate of

fitness for occupation (CFO)

The regulations set by the Syarikat Air Johor about CFO’s production

support requirements to be met are:

i. Water tank needs

The request for water demand rate in an area shall be adequate

and must be built in the highest area of the earth surface. The

construction of water tanks must use the approved materials

14

followed the specifications set by the state water company. The

aim is the water supply have a sufficient pressure for everyday use

as well as the absence of supply

ii. Reserve for line pipe to the home

Reserve pipeline routes should be provided for the route of water

pipes to homes water reserves must meet minimum specifications

usually 5 feet (1.52 meters). SAJ will issue a certificate of support

when it found that all the requirements specified.

Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB)

Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) is responsible for the supply of electricity to

the building and ensuring the perfection development of the supply of

electricity to power before the building is habitable confirmed. TNB

responsible for ensuring that the following requirements:

i. The supply of electricity will cover the area

ii. The installation of electrical equipment such as wiring can fulfill the

needs of TNB

iii. The reserve for the electrical substation where appropriate have

been provided for the construction of substations TNB

iv. Identify the cables existing electrical wiring so that the work of

electricity supply to the region could be done.

Sewerage Services Department

Sewerage Services Department is a department that acts as controller to the

sewage system house surrounding, for the health of the population would not

be disturbed. The technical requirements of the Sewerage Services

Department are:

i. There are standards issued by the Sewerage Services Department

on oxidation tank, the effects of wastewater discharge and other

end connected to be observed. The need for the construction of

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waste disposal tank for the automatic removal is the construction

area of more than 4000 units, while the construction of oxidation

ponds for housing development is in excess of 500 units.

There are no environmental pollution problems that can disturb the

population health like odor pollution, air, noise and others.

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CHAPTER 4

4.1 Site Planning

i. Key plan

Figure 4 : Key plan

The key plan for our bungalow is located in Universiti Tun Hussein

Onn Malaysia, UTHM which is at Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor.

ii. Location Plan

Figure 4.1 : Location plan

For location plan, our bungalow will be located near to Faculty of

Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (FKMP) and the Office of

Location

17

Research, Innovation, Commercialization and Consultancy (ORICC),

UTHM.

iii. Site Plan

Figure 4.2 : Site plan

4.2 Orientation

Figure 4.3 : Building orientation

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4.3Earthwork

Earthworks are engineering works created through the moving or processing

of parts of the earth's surface involving quantities of soil or unformed rock.

The earth may be moved to another location and formed into a desired shape

for a purpose. Much of earthworks involves machine excavation and fill or

backfill.

For our bungalow site plan, the total area that will be consumed is 60

ft. x 58 ft. We have chosen this place because it is nearer to the entrance and

exit way of UTHM. Hence, this will make us easier to leave and return

anytime. Besides that, this site has already a grey water canal around the site

area. This will reduce the cost for excavating a drain or a trench to discharge

any grey water from the bungalow. Moreover, this site has its own lake. This

will delivers beautiful and calm scenery for the occupants inside the

bungalow. It will also increase the comfort level and make us closer to the

environment.

In early stage of construction, planning the earthwork is the most crucial

components in civil engineering. This will determine whether the house is

safe to be inhabited. Good foundation, thus, a good quality of house will be

built. Bad foundation, hence it has no quality at all and risking the occupants

inside it. More or less, it will lead to building collapse and fatal death. From

our observation and research, the soil properties and types of our site is

mostly a very soft soils. Which has capabilities as the same as clay. This will

be bad and a problem for any construction. In order to achieve the green

building technology, we have decided to use:-

Excavation

Normal excavation work which is easier and more efficient. The priority

is more to the materials and mechanisms that will be uses as the base

of our bungalow.

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CHAPTER 5

5.1Building Design Concept

The concept of this project is “Innovative Hexagon”. The word innovative

comes from innovation of shape of the buildings.

i. Energy efficiency

The application of the renewable enery will reduce the energy

consumption As high-performance buildings use less operating

energy, embodied energy has assumed much greater importance –

and may make up as much as 30% of the overall life cycle energy

consumption. IEQ

ii. Indoor Air Quality

Seeks to reduce volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, and other

air impurities such as microbial contaminants by . this building is

rely on a properly designed ventilation system (naturally) to provide

adequate ventilation of cleaner air from outdoors or recirculated,

filtered air as well as isolated operations.

iii. Elegant design

This bungalow concept is elegant whereas it implement a simple

hexagon shape which can be an eyeseing view on the house itself.

Then from the internal side of the house, we use bamboos floor

and for walls, we use half glass and half IBS walls which can give

an exclusive environment.

iv. Environmental friendly

The material in the construction process until the project is one is use by

recycled material to reduce the number of waste.

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CHAPTER 6

6.1 Access Road

There are 2 access road that is provided which is been shown in figure 5.

Figure 5 : access road

6.2 Drainage and irrigation system

Drainage is the natural slope artificial removal of surface or subsurface wall

from an area. Water collecting oxide a development area causes problem

which might led to drainage issues. Thus the drainage system must be

properly managed and maintained.

For this project, we decide to use the existing drainage which already

excavated by the local authorities. The path of the water flow from the side

project will be implemented by sustainable practices. As the result, the

possibility of flooding can be reduced. Furthermore, the system are also

avoid pollutant dumping.

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Figure 5.1 : cross-section of planned drainage system

22

CHAPTER 7

STRUCTURE

7.1 Sub-structure

1. Foundation

Materials Pyramid-Shaped Floating foundation

Definition The main functionality for this type of land-based or slab

footing foundation is to protect against settlement and the

liquefaction of soft soil. This foundation has a volume such

that were that volume filled with soil, it would be equal in

weight to the total weight of the structure. When the soil is so

soft that even friction piles will not support the building load,

the final option is the use of a floating foundation, making the

building like a boat that will be likely obeys Archimedes’

principle whereas it is buoyed up by the weight of the earth

displaced in creating the foundation.

Specificatio

n

boxlike rigid structures

Finishing has the capabilities in its shape by gripping the soil and

strength then the foundation itself.

can decrease the sedimentation occur in soils and has

possibilities in eliminating the expansion in soils.

support the weight of the structure above it as well as

increasing the strength of the soil below it. In addition

towards green, this foundation will use recycled

aggregates as its main mixtures

23

Figure 7 : Floating foundation

7.2 Super-structure

1. Column

Materials Fiber glass

Definition Round fiberglass columns are available in

either fluted or smooth designs, high density

highly advanced fiberglass polymers

they are extremely impact resistant, and when combined with

a quality latex paint in outdoor installations, virtually

maintenance-free.

Specificatio

n

Round (install at every 6 edge of hexagon)

Advantages Most durable compared to PolymerStone and PVC column

Finishing Painted with non-toxic paint

24

Figure 7.1 : Round column

25

2. Floor

Materials Bamboo

Definition Type of flooring manufactured from the bamboo plant.

Bamboo is the alternative way for flooring because of its

physical similarities to hardwoods. Bamboo floor is good in its

strength, durability, its eco-friendly and its natural resistance to

insects and moisture. Bamboo is a natural surface covering

material that has many of the properties of hardwood flooring,

even though it is actually produced from a type of grass. It

shares many of the positive benefits of a hardwood floor, as

well as the drawbacks and vulnerabilities.

Specificatio

n

Floors in all levels

Advantages Eco-friendly

Bamboo is made from natural vegetation. The bamboo plant is

a highly renewable resource that is able to grow to maturity in

as little as three to five years. This is much faster than

hardwood trees which can take upwards of twenty years or

more to reach maturity.

Easy maintenance

Bamboo is relatively easy to maintain. You just have to sweep

or vacuum it regularly to remove small particle debris. You can

also occasional damp mop it, or clean it with a non-wax, non-

alkaline, bamboo or hardwood floor cleanser.

Water resistant

This material is slightly more resistant to water damage,

stains, and warping than hardwood materials, although it is still

a concern.

Natural materials

The use of natural materials is an important trend in the

construction industry right now. As people are becoming more

ecologically conscious they are demanding products that

reflect these values. They are also seeking materials and

26

designs that reject the cookie cutter modern world and instead

focus on individual personality and natural evolution.

Durability

There are certain types of bamboo that can be extremely

strong, hard, and durable. Natural, un-carbonized bamboo that

was harvested and manufactured properly can be as durable

as red oak. Strand woven bamboo can be manufactured even

harder than that.

Refinishing

Over time bamboo floors may become discolored, scratched

or marred. Luckily the surface of this material can be

refinished, sanding it down and then reapplying the finishing

coats to give it a fresh new look. The amount of sanding that

can be done will be determined by the thickness of the planks

used.

There are different processes that are used to turn bamboo

grass materials into planks ready for flooring installation. Each

manufacturing method produces a product with specific

characteristics, which may make it more or less desirable in a

particular environment.

Figure 7.2 : Bamboo floor

27

28

3. Ceiling

Materials 100% recycled content from milk and food cartons that are

shredded and then compressed into panels

Definition 100% recycled eco-friendly ceiling panels

Specificatio

n

The face of each tile is textured and can be covered

with any color paper or a choice of veneers for easy

cleaning.

has a water-resistant core and is surfaced with a

polycoated paper waste producing a semi-gloss

finish,

low carbon footprints, contain 59% bio-based

content,

can be used in white or in several colors of your

choice

non-toxic and do not off-gas any toxic chemicals.

Advantages Eco-friendly — made in the USA of 100% recycled

milk, yogurt and other food containers, recyclable,

biodegradable, 59% bio-based content

Completely safe — non-toxic, zero VOCs; no

chemicals, water or glues used

Standard sizes — 2' x 2' or 2' x 4'. Fits most all

ceiling tile requirements

Moisture and mold-resistant — will not support the

growth of mold, 10 out of 10 on ASTM D 3273

Colorful — available in white, light blue, yellow,

orange, red, and black or customized to your needs

Fire-resistant — Class C flame and smoke rated,

Class A avail by special order

Tough and durable — won't fall apart when moved

like most ceiling tiles and resists water staining

29

Figure 7.3 : Types of ceiling

4. Wall Insulation panel

Materials Fibre glass

Definition A stressed-skin panel is an insulated building panel that is

comprised of a foam core sandwiched between two “skins.”

The core, made from polyurethane or styrene foam, is both

durable and light weight. The skins are most often made from

oriented strand board (OSB), but other building material such

as gypsum wall board, sheetrock, plywood, wafer board, and

sheet metal are used as well. The exterior skin must be nail

30

able material since the panels are attached to the building’s

exterior enclosing the frame to create a thermal envelop. To

finish the installation it is necessary to seal the joints between

each panel.

Specificatio

n

102mm thickness

Advantages High R-Value

Moisture control

Sound barrier

dimensional stability

reduce up to 45% heat temperature

save up to 40% energy cooling cost

31

Figure 7.4 : Wall insulation panel

32

5. Windows

Materials Glass

Definition A casement window is one that is hinged on its side, and

normally opens outwards rather than inwards. This makes it

very easy to operate. Since it opens outwards, it cannot be

used in some situations, such as when the window opens out

into a corridor, as it will block movement. These windows are

designed to resist rain and wind from the outside in, so their

direction cannot be reversed.

Specificatio

n

Casement and skylight

Advantages provide the most control of ventilation direction and

intensity

can be opened into an air stream, breezes that would

otherwise pass by can be directed into the room

the entire window area of casement units can be

opened, while sliders are limited to less than half of the

area.

an open fully 90 degrees and deflect breeze from any

side.

Figure 7.5 : Window

33

6. Doors

Materials Fiber glass

Definition Fiberglass is a relatively Built with a polyurethane foam core,

Therma-Tru fiberglass doors insulate against cold and heat for

exceptional energy efficiency. The core essentially creates an

energy-efficient entrance to the home, helping stabilize interior

temperatures

Specificatio

n

Brown in color

Have beveled decorative pane (plastic) in the middle

Casement door

Advantages more resistant to forced entry than wood doors and

offer an adjustable security strike plate that withstands

450 pounds of force.

In wet climates, a wood door can rot; fiberglass won't

has the beveled decorative pane (plastic) in the middle.

This protects it and makes the smooth indoor and

outdoor glass surfaces easier to keep clean

good for ventilation

Figure 7.6 Door

34

7. Roof

Materials Concrete and White tile

Definition A protective covering that covers or forms the top of a

building

Tile: a flat thin rectangular slab used to cover the

surface

Specification Coating with bright white coating (ceramic, elastomeric)

on smooth surface (USE NON TOXIC PAINT)

Advantages Light-colored concrete tiles are another good

choice for warmer climates because their light

color is naturally heat-repellant

Very heavy and dense, and because of this the

tiles take a long time to heat up, even in direct

sunlight

The solar reflectance (%) of white tile roof is 80%

which is higher than other colour

White solar reflective paint can lower energy use

by 10 to 40 percent

Figure 7.7 : White Tiles Roof

35

CHAPTER 8

FACILITY AND SYSTEM

8.1 Lighting

I. LED motion sensor light

Definition A device that detects moving objects, particularly

people

Specification System that automatically performs a task or

alerts a user of motion in an area. Motion

detectors form a vital component of

security, automated lighting control, home

control, energy efficiency, and other useful

systems

Very reliable because it uses body heat and

wave lengths to calculate whether there is a

movement or not

Can adjust the amount of sensitivity

Advantages Very efficient because the eventuality of leaving

your lights on by mistake is totally eliminated, no

redundancy of electricity

Do not have to continually switch on and off the

light because the sensor will do it for us

Very good deterrent against burglars because it

will be much harder to break into homes

and remain unnoticed

Led motion sensors can be installed anywhere,

whether it is a driveway, a yard, a porch or a

garage

Very reliable because it uses body heat and

wave lengths to calculate whether there is a

movement or not

36

Figure 8.0 : LED motion sensor camera

II. Dim controller lighting

Materials Switch and slide dimmer

Definition Used to lower the brightness of a light

Specification Large paddle

Captive linear slide dimmer

Available in one-way and three- way models

Available with eco-dim feature

Advantages Easily turn the lights on and off with a large

paddle switch and a captive linear-slide dimmer

for a standard designed wall plate opening

Control and adjust lights level when the lights are

on

Available in one-way and three- way models

when the lights are controlled from more than

one location

dimmer guarantees at least 15% energy savings

compared to a standard switch

37

Figure 8.1 : Dimmer controller switch

iii. Lighting Bulbs

Materials LED bulb

Definition LED bulbs create quality light that is perfect for every

occasion

Specification Combine with a beautiful warm white light with

an exceptionally long lifetime

9.5 watt LED

Free mercury content

Long lasting (rate: 22.8years)

Instantly on once switch turning

Advantages Provide immediate, significant energy savings

while enhancing home atmosphere

Create quality light

Consume less electric wattage

Cost effective

38

Figure 8.2 : LED light bulb A19

8.2 Ventilation

i. Cross ventilation

Definition Ventilation is necessary in buildings to remove

'unwanted' air and replace it with ‘fresh’ air

Specification On exposed sites

Perpendicular to the prevailing wind

Free from internal barriers to air flow

Provided with a regular distribution of openings

Advantages Helping to moderate internal temperatures.

Reducing the accumulation of moisture, odors

and other gases that can build up during

occupied periods.

Creating air movement which improves the

comfort of occupants

39

Figure 8.3 : Cross ventilation

8.3. Power and Electrical

i. Solar panel

Materials Monocrystalline silicon, also called single crystalline

silicon

Definition A panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source

of energy for generating electricity or heating

Specification A photovoltaic (PV) solar system is comprised of

solar panels, racks for putting the panels on your

roof, electrical wiring, and an inverter.

The solar panels generate electricity (DC) which

is sent to an inverter from sunrise to sunset.

The inverter converts the DC electricity into

alternating current (AC), which is type of

electricity required for household use.

The AC power is delivered directly into the house

main electrical service panel for uses.

Advantages Not only sustainable, it is renewable and this

means that we will never run out of it

The creation of solar energy requires little

maintenance

Monocrystalline silicon solar cells are more

efficient with efficiency ratios of 15 to 20 percent

(this number represents the amount of solar

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radiation collected that is actually converted into

usable electricity).

Since their higher efficiency means you can get

by with fewer of them, monocrystalline solar

panels require less space than the other two

alternatives.

These solar panels have a longer lifespan than

any other type, and most panel manufacturers

will issue twenty-five-year warranties for them at

the time of purchase.

Tend to perform better than similarly rated

polycrystalline solar panels at low-light

conditions

In high heat conditions, monocrystalline silicon

panels are more effective than those made from

polycrystalline silicon cells.

Figure 8.4 : Monocrysralline solar panel

8.4 Water Efficiency

i. Rain water harvesting

Definition Recharge the rain water, use gutter to collect rainwater

directed to underground tank.

Specification The collection area at the roof of the house

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A conveyance system usually consists of gutters

or pipes that deliver rainwater falling on the

rooftop to cisterns or other storage vessels.

Both drainpipes and roof surfaces are

constructed by chemically inert materials in order

to avoid adverse effects on water quality.

The water is stored in a storage tank which

should also be constructed of an inert material.

Storage tanks are constructed at the separate

unit located some distance away from the

building.

Advantages Rainwater harvesting systems is flexibility. The

system is simple as a barrel placed under a rain

gutter downspout for watering a garden pumped

and pressurized construction to supply

residential and irrigation needs.

Rainwater harvesting systems are integrated

with the house, which makes the water easily

accessible.

Rainwater harvesting systems are personal,

which prevents arguments about who should

take care of maintenance.

The used materials can be kept simple, are

obtainable nearly everywhere at local low cost

price.

The construction is easy and cheap in

maintenance.

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Figure 8.5 : Water Harvesting

ii. Faucet sensor

Materials Stainless steel,

Definition The shutting off automatically after hand washing,

thereby reducing water waste

Specification Equipment with motion sensors automatic

faucets only turn on and release water if a hand

is detected

Once the sensors determine that a hand is no

longer present, the valves close and stop the

flow of water after a few seconds

The motion sensor faucets have four key

components which is sensor, solenoid controlled

valve, power source and spout

Advantages Reduce the need for parents to ensure that

children have turned off the faucet

The elderly and those suffering from arthritis or

other mobility limiting conditions since there are

no handles to twist or pull

Reduce the risk of disease transmission

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Kitchen Shower

Toilet Wash basin

Figure 8.6 : Faucet

iii. Hunter water sprinkler system for landscape

Definition Weather sensors are well-designed irrigation system to

prevent watering during wind, rain, and freezing

weather. Also offers a soil moisture sensor to stop

irrigation when soil moisture levels have been reached

and offering smart control adjustments to eliminate

44

wasteful watering.

Specification Weather sensors connect to irrigation controllers

Designed to make irrigation systems react to

local weather conditions

More advanced sensors, like Hunters Solar

Sync, gather daily local weather data and work

with the controller to calculate the optimum

watering schedule based upon the current

weather conditions.

Advantages A sensor is an easy way to conserve water

Lower the electric bills

Improve the health of the landscape

Figure 8.7 : Hunter water sprinkler systems for landscape

IV. Dual flush toilet

Definition A variation of the flush toilet that uses two buttons or

handles to flush the different levels of water

Specification Dual flush toilet with left hand handle

Two buttons to operate the flush. One button

gives a short flush and the other operates the full

flush button. The system has the added benefit

45

of using significantly less water, even on the full

flush.

Comfort height

Gravity feed toilet

Advantages Comfort height toilets about two or three inches

higher than usual. The added height makes

getting on and off easier

These toilets rely on gravity. Water drops from

the tank into the bowl to move waste down the

drain. It can work with as little as 10 psi of

household water pressure.

Noise level was excellent

Figure 8.8 : Dual flush toilet

8.5 Security system

1. Biometric access control system

Definition Enhances building security and internal

communications. Biometric systems for physical access

control for home

Specification Verify fingerprints quickly and more accurately

Requires no server or software, everything is

embedded in the device, making installation as

easy as running wire

Has time zone restriction management that allow

to open only the doors assigned by the software

46

at specific times

1000 fingerprint user capacity

Stand alone device, no PC required

Simple wiring, no training necessary

Advantages Provide the right level of security, at the exact

places needed, and are able to adjust

dynamically the level of authentication necessary

for ever-changing threat levels

To manage visitors and contractors better

Protect important areas

Very high accuracy

Is the most economical biometric user

authentication technique

Easy to use

Figure 8.9 : Biometric access control system

2. Sliding door automatic gate

Materials Steel

Definition The security of private premises and can be used for all

sized properties

Specification The electric gate motor, two distinct motor types

exist hydraulic, or electromechanical

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High Security.

Architectural Design.

Gate widths up to 15 meters.

Opening & Closing Speed from 200mm up to

950mm per second.

All essential safety devices connected to gate

operator and Safety Sensitive Edges.

Battery backup in the event of power failure.

Integration with Fire Alarm Control systems.

Advantages Actually enables the electric gate to open and

close without having to manually push the gate

Can also helped keep children and pets in

Having a transmitter gate or using one of our

GSM systems means opening and closing your

driveway can be as easy as a click of a button

A lovely looking set of steel gates with an easy to

use intercom system will almost certainly ensure

that the person visiting you will be suitably

impressed

Figure 8.10 : Sliding Door Automatic Gate

3. CCTV

Materials Remote, recorder, camera, remote, CCTV

48

Definition Access to view all live or recorded video or CCTV

image, even control the security and entry systems

using mobile

Specification Remote and mobile CCTV access

Using mobile or Wi-Fi network, have remote

access to view all live or recorded video or

CCTV images, even control the security and

entry systems via a dedicated, highly-secure

connection.

And the connection can be share.

When review the camera images remotely can

take advantage of the higher resolution that high

definition cameras deliver. Clear, high-definition

images from IP CCTV cameras will let the owner

to see who is at the door or gate.

Advantages Can share the connection with all family

members then access the cameras

Can access the camera from anywhere

High resolution that high definition deliver

Figure 8.11 : Remote and Mobile CCTV

4. Doorbell wireless intercom

Materials Camera, intercom recorder, LCD screen

49

Definition Provide added security and make it easy to know when

someone is at the door

Specification Combined with a DVR security

system or wireless security camera for security

features

Video intercoms or wireless video

doorbells combine the audio and visual features

to create a competent security system for the

home

Advantages The elimination of wires and complicated setup

procedures made security easy to control and

customize

Can also capture images or record using the

outdoor camera station to file the identity of their

visitors

Homeowners can communicate with visitors to

confirm their identity before they unlock the door

Figure 8.12 : Doorbell wireless intercom

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5. Glass vibration alarm

Definition Designed to be mounted on glass where there is a

potential for tampering or breakage

Specification The thin profile makes it ideal for mounting

between sliding windows and glass doors

The Glass Vibration Alarm has a selectable

HI/LO sensitivity switch

Advantages Can be clean using a soft cloth slightly

dampened with water and wipe dry.

Select “LO” position for windows or doors that

may be exposed to vibration from strong winds

Figure 8.12 : Glass vibration alarm

8.6 Finishing

I. Painting

Materials i. Exterior: Weatherbond solareflect

ii. Interior: 3-in-1

Definition Exterior and interior wall protection surface

Specification Exterior: Reflects heat and cools the house. Nippon

Weatherbond Solareflect is pure acrylic-based paint

51

with non-added lead and mercury. It is specially

formulated with low VOC and low odor for exterior

walls to protect the exterior surfaces from the

extremities of Malaysian weather.

Interior: The paint that comes with elastic properties

that gives added flexibility to the paint film. Nippon 3-

IN-1 adds a beautiful mid sheen finish to your interior

surfaces while providing the benefits of its special

formulation. Its excellent wash ability, coverage for

hairline cracks, and waterproof properties come as one

complete, innovative solution for home.

Advantages For exterior,

Heat resistance with Sunblock Technology

Reduces surface temperature up to 5°C

2X UV resistance

2X tougher against dirt, fungus, algae, flaking

and efflorescence

Excellent hiding capability

For interior,

Washable

Waterproof

Covers hairline cracks

Fungus, algae and dirt resistant

Long-lasting

Mid sheen finish

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Figure 8.13 : Weatherboard Solarflect & 3-in-1

8.7 Fire system

I. Nest protect smoke detector

Materials Smoke detector, mobile

Definition The new innovation that is wireless and can be set up

in just minutes using smartphone that can detect fires.

Specification Allows multiple Nest Protects to talk to each

other during an alert or emergency alarm

All Nest Protects will sound an alert, if a smoke

or carbon monoxide (CO) event is detected at

one Nest Protect

Advantages Safer than standalone smoke alarms, because

they let we know about an emergency sooner

Nest protect send an alert in case owner are not

at home through phone

The battery last for a year and also alert the

owner if its battery are running low

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Figure 8.15 : Nest protect smoke detector

8.8 Green area

Green landscape

Materials Grass, plants, flower

Definition Area that is partially or completely covered with

vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a

waterproofing membrane.

There are two types of green area

i. Intensive

ii. Extensive which are shallow, ranging in depth

from 2 cm (0.79 in) to 12.7 cm (5.0 in), lighter

than intensive green roofs, and require

minimal maintenance

Specification Included additional layers such as a root barrier

and drainage and irrigation systems.

Rainwater absorbing, insulation, a habitat place

for wildlife

Aesthetically pleasing landscape

Advantages Absorbing rainwater

Providing insulation

Decreasing stress of the people

Creating a habitat for wildlife

Helping to lower urban air temperatures and

54

mitigate the heat island effect

They effectively utilize the natural functions of

plants to filter water and treat air in urban and

suburban landscapes

Filter pollutants and carbon dioxide out of the air

which helps lower disease rates such as asthma

Help to insulate a building for sound, the soil

helps to block lower frequencies and the plants

block higher frequencies

Not only retain rainwater, but also moderate the

temperature of the water and act as natural

filters for any of the water that happens to run off

Figure 8.16 : Green area

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CHAPTER 9

PLAN &LAYOUT

9.1 Ground Floor

Figure 9 : Ground floor plan

Figure 9.1 : 3D plan for ground floor

56

9.2 First Floor

Figure 9.3. : First floor plan

Figure 9.4 : 3D plan for first floor

57

CHAPTER 10

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion

Moving towards a green economy has the potential to achieve sustainable

development. Green investments will enhance new sectors and

technologies that will be the main sources of economic development and

growth of the future such as renewable energy technologies, resource

and energy efficient buildings and equipment, low-carbon public transport

systems, infrastructure for fuel efficient and clean energy vehicles, and

waste management and recycling facilities.

One of the major finding in this report is that green technology building will

support the health and economic growth. Green building is not a new

fashion stream in design and architecture. Green building is a possibility

to create harmless, energy efficient and environmentally friendly buildings.

In the 1970s energy crises and environmental pollution affected on the

progress of sustainable buildings. The price for sustainable products and

materials fall, green buildings are becoming good for the environment,

tenants and occupiers. Conventional building consumes too much natural

sources, like energy, water, woods etc. while green building uses

renewable resources as sunlight, plants, rainwater. One of the most

important components of green building is energy and water efficient

technologies which are generally not available in regular buildings.

Although green building is more effective and good for bottom line, when

creating it construction employers and designers should take into

consideration some disadvantages too.

This report shows the first step to moving towards green economy at

national level. Ecosystem survives are better conserved, leading to

improved safety nets and household incomes for poor rural communities.

A green economy substitutes clean energy and low carbon technique for

fossil fuels which addresses climate change, creates jobs and reduces

import dependencies.

58

There are a few advantages of build a green house. One of the

advantages is about saving the cost. Very often green building is

considered to be expensive as usually all kind of modern building

methods. However it saves much more money from the moment of

creating during its lifetime as ordinary buildings. It works with any kind of

green structures. Green building elements will also save the energy

efficiency. Green building has a great advantage of reducing both

embodied and operating energy consumption. Studies proved that those

buildings which are built with wood will have a lower embodied energy

than buildings made of brick, steel or other materials.

Water consumption is another objective in sustainable building. Water can

be wasted by drip irrigation, leaking (toilet leaking can waste up to 90

gallons per day), pool showers. Recycling rainwater and using it for toilet

flushing can save waste-water. Water saving shower heads, ultra-low

flush toilets and other conserving fixtures can minimize waste-water.

Furthermore, green buildings need less maintenance. For example most

green buildings don’t require exterior painting so often. Also as far as

natural sources were used during its construction, they are not destroyed

so quickly. Green building will also improve employee attendance and

productivity. Natural lightening, good ventilation, healthy circumstances all

influence the health of green structures’ occupants. People are becoming

less sick, they are more productive and their impact on work is more high

and effective. A study made in Seattle among 31 green buildings showed

that in LEED-certified buildings the absence of employee was decreased

into 40 percent.

Recommendation

To premise on the recommendations for Sustainable Development,

government should allowing private buildings to increase floor areas to

include green and amenity features for enhancing the living environment.

To improve the indoor air quality and promote public awareness of the

importance of IAQ, the Government has implemented an IAQ

Management Program. This will increase self-awareness among people.

59

We should not expect a sustainability mindset to be a marketable skill.

Support programs that promote collaboration skills and education for

sustainability mindsets, but consider these supplemental skills, not skills

that are marketable in their own right

In other hand, government should the responsible parties should teach

financial literacy to designers. Designers and other green building

advocates have to learn how to talk about the benefits of green

performance in terms that the financial community will relate to.

They also should focus the education on clients. The best way to create

demand for green projects is to show those who make decisions about

buildings the value proposition. Reach these decision-makers, such as

building owners and developers, through business media, events and

social networks.

The developers or contractor can also make green part of all design and

construction education. Every professional who graduates in all university

and who is somehow involved in the construction or design industry

should learn to work sustainably. It should not be an option.

The people who are very knowledgeable about all the needs pertaining to

delivering green buildings are mainly professors at our universities. These

people should also teach small and medium-sized contractors how to

deliver green buildings

Lastly, all universities should align their academic and public programs to

have coherence, as well address local environmental issues and

requirements in order to enhance sustainable development

CHAPTER 11

APPENDIX

Cross Section of Main Floor Green Element

Double layer Glass Wall with vibration sensors and argon gas in betweenIBS Wall Garden/Green Area

Wall with large glass window

Grass

Walkway

Living Room

Long glass windowsGym

Bamboo Tiles Floor

Light wall paintings

Low/Zero “VOC” flooring and pain

ENERGY star appliances and light fixtures

Pyramid-shaped Floating Foundation made up recycled aggregate mixtures

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Cross Section of First Floor Green Element

BalconyGrass

Plants IBS Wall

Wall with large glass window

Open Space

Hardwood Fences

Cut-up windows

CHAPTER 12

REFERENCES

1. www.foam-tech.com

2. www.greenbuildingindex.org/

3. https://www.jkr.gov.my

4. http://floorplanner.com/

5. https://www.google.com/ - UTHM+MAP

6. https://en.wikipedia.org/

7. www.greenroofs.org/