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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill GI Basics
GIS Applications and Products 1
Rostock University, Chair for Geodesy and Geoinformatics X 2007
GIS Applications and Products
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill and Dr. Edward NashRostock University
Applications
Examples
Products
ArcGIS
Rostock University, Chair for Geodesy and Geoinformatics GI_Products - 2 -
One system – many different users
GIS
Land UsePlanning
EnvironmentalMonitoring
UtilitiesManagement
TouristInformation
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Applications
„The application of GIS is only limited bythe imagination of those who use it.“
Jack Dangermond, ESRI www.esri.com/company/gis_touches/everyday.html
(20.04.2004)
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill GI Basics
GIS Applications and Products 2
Rostock University, Chair for Geodesy and Geoinformatics GI_Products - 3 -
GIS – application facets
Specialistinformation system (SIS):- Telematics- Traffic guidance- Corporate IS- Military IS
Regional/Planning IS (RIS):- Geographical applications- Planning IS- Statistical IS- Demography
Network informationsystems (NIS):- Utility IS (Gas, power, water etc.)- Facility management
Environmental informationsystems (EIS):- Environmental monitoring- Habitat/species analysis- Forestry and agriculture
LISSISNIS
EISRIS
10%
40 %
20 %
15%15%
Land informationsystems (LIS):- Surveying and cartography- Cadaster- Topographic IS- Spatial reference frame
Applications
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Land Information Systems (LIS)
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Input, Management, (Analysis) and Presentation (IM(A)P)- Stringent permanent data management- Legally regulated data modelling- Limited interactivity (simple static queries)- Limited descriptive data (appropriate attributes)- Origin: surveying- Applications: surveying, real estate management, government
Automated Land Register (“map”) Automated Land Register (“book”)
Systematic capture and visualisation of all data that is related to a single piece of land. It shows all characteristic data of a region to enhance planning and development (FIG,1978)
Applications
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill GI Basics
GIS Applications and Products 3
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Network Information Systems (NIS)
Instruments to capture, manage, analyse and present working materials related to a network topology in an uniform reference system.
Input, Management, Analysis and Presentation (IMAP)
110-002
30-1170
110-003 Report type
District: 3 August 1998: 3494 A: Justus-von-Liebig-street 6
Cable-id
Cable:110-002110-00330-1170
Volt (KV)
11011030
Length(m)
99.90110.0034.60
Type
3 * 3003 * 3001 * 105
Material
ALALCU
: Cable overview
Street
HEVAG Rostock
Date
- Free data modelling- Stringent permanent data management- High graphical interactivity- Many descriptive and attribute data- Usually based on an IGS- Origin: AM/FM-Sector- Applications: utility companies, transport
Utility maps/Facility management Customer data
Applications
Rostock University, Chair for Geodesy and Geoinformatics GI_Products - 6 -
Regional/Planning Information Systems (RIS)
Instruments for decision support in spatial observations and tool for planning and development. Contains huge amount of data collected about population, economy and urban development, infrastructure, land use and resources for regionaldevelopments. Methods: Capture, update, visualisation on basis of a common reference system.
Input, Management, Analysis, Presentation (IMAP)- Free data modelling and management of permanent data- High amount of descriptive data- Analysis is main component- Vector data, in future possibly hybrid systems- Thematic cartography should be aimed at- High interactivity (flexible queries)- Origin: regional planning, statistics etc.
SICAD
ALK-GIAP
TIGRISTIGRIS
20
SICAD
SICAD SICAD
SICAD
SICAD
SICAD
SICADALK-GIAP
ALK-GIAP
40
40
45
10
15
Applications
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill GI Basics
GIS Applications and Products 4
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Environmental Information Systems (EIS)
Advanced GIS for capture, storage, processing and presentation of hazards and pollutions in space, time and context. These data are the basis for describing the status of the environment to decide on protective measures (Jaeschke & Pillmann, 1990).
- Free data modelling - Management of permanent data- High interactivity- GIS is only one module- Simulation of environmental processes- 2 - 3D, additional dimension: time- high amount of attribute data- rather smaller scale, raster data dominating - Origin: spatial planning, environmental planning
Techno-sphere
AIR SOIL
WATER
manyothers
Input, Management, Analysis, Presentation (IMAP)
Applications
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Specialist Information Systems (SIS)
Special class of Geo-Information Systems. Special applications that are not covered by other classes. Examples:
• Management of real estate
• Vehicle navigation
• Telecommunication
• Hotel- and tourism-information systems
• Geo-marketing
• Military
• others
Applications
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill GI Basics
GIS Applications and Products 5
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Typical scale factors for GIS applications
Scale
1000000
100000
10000
SpatialInformationSystems
GIS
LISRIS
UIS
1000
NISBIS
Applications
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GIS applications in local government administration
GIS-applications
Economic development
Urban planningStreets/traffic
Environmental protection
Urban renewal
School development
Real estate
Zoning plansEmergency service
Citizen information/-services
Tourism
Cadaster/topographic maps
Energy/climate
Nature/landscape
Housing and living
Waste management
Soil protection/contaminations
Air cleaningHealth care
Statistics and elections
and many others
… wherever spatial data occur and spatial analysis is needed
Exam
ples
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill GI Basics
GIS Applications and Products 6
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Planning: Zoning/housing
Housing planZoning plan
Exam
ples
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Planning: Landscape planning (Aalen)
Exam
ples
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill GI Basics
GIS Applications and Products 7
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Planning: Economic development (Main-Kinzig-Kreis)
• “Online site information system” (www.wfmkk.de)
Internet basedinformationon free industryand trade areasas well as economic sites in the region
Exam
ples
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Planning: Water supply/waste water network (Aalen)
Exam
ples
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill GI Basics
GIS Applications and Products 8
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Environment: Water (Wuppertal) E
xamples
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Environment: Open space planning (Offenbach)Indicator overview related to nature protection and landscape maintenance
Reclassification in the core area
Result afteraggregation
very important free spaceimportant free space
Exam
ples
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill GI Basics
GIS Applications and Products 9
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Environment: Urban climate (Frankfurt)E
xamples
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Environment: Cemetery register (Mosbach)
Exam
ples
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill GI Basics
GIS Applications and Products 10
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Traffic: General traffic plan (Frankfurt)E
xamples
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Traffic: Noise emissions (Frankfurt)
Exam
ples
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill GI Basics
GIS Applications and Products 11
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Traffic: Parking places (Würzburg) via SMS
leere SMS an
0174 3008474
Exam
ples
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Public services: School administration (Würzburg)
Exam
ples
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill GI Basics
GIS Applications and Products 12
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Public services: Statistics/elections/parcel values (Würzburg)E
xamples
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Public services: Tourism (Aalen/Frankfurt)
Exam
ples
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill GI Basics
GIS Applications and Products 13
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Integration: Spatial data warehouse (Aalen)E
xamples
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1000s of GIS products
Adalin
AGIS
GFis
ALK-GIAPARC/INFO
Atlas*GIS
AutoGIS
CADdy
CARIS
Carto-2D
cart/o/INFO
CD-Atla
s
CISIG
CRISP
DIRIS/Win
EASI/PACE
ERDAS ImagineEZS-i
FUNK
GDS/AMS
Genamap
Geo Package
GEO
/SQL
GIMMS
GINIS GIROS
GIS/Plus
GRASS
GRIPS
GTI-RDB
Hunter GIS
IDIMS
IDRISIEPPL 7
Gradas-Ges
INFOCAM
INFORMAP
LZ-GIS
MapBox
MapProfessional
MGE
MicroStation Geographix
MIPS
PAFEC-GIS
PANGAEA
PanTerra Phocus
PROCART
Resource
Roots
Saladin
SICAD-HYGRIS
SmallworldGIS
System 9
terra.logic
Themak2
TURBOMAP
UFIS
VALIS
VESPA
span
s
Markt & VertriebsmonitorWinGIS
SICAD-Open
Map-Info
Map&Guide
Tigris
LIS
PCMap
RDB
Arc View
Areal Gis
ER Mapper
DAVID-Auskunft
MA Publisher
Sis NET
Map & Market
Arna GeoAutark
Autodesk Map Guide
AutoCAD Map
Autodesk WorldCADdy
Cad Map
CKRDY
DATAFLOR
Easy MapRegio Graph
Raste 66
Tellus Vision
TRIAS
Win CAT
Zoom!
Distriet Manager
FRAMME
GAUSZ
GeoGis
Geo MediaGIS Mobil
Gras Fw
GRIPS
HomageInka
KAT-GIS
KAT-IS 7
LIDS
Li SCAD
MGSMMic Open
Nebis
Poly Gis
RAN
Rosy
Strada AtlasTopoL
Visor
Win Map
Productoverview
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill GI Basics
GIS Applications and Products 14
Rostock University, Chair for Geodesy and Geoinformatics GI_Products - 27 -
GIS product development in the 90s
UniversalGIS
DesktopGIS
InternetGIS
specialists normal user
normal user,everyone
costs/ practice expense data availability
Productoverview
Rostock University, Chair for Geodesy and Geoinformatics GI_Products - 28 -
GIS product types in cooperation
High-End GISUniversal GIS Desktop GIS Internet GIS
Web GISLow cost GIS
PC GIS Query GIS
GIS-Server/Map-Server/DB-Server
Specialised GIS-Applications
SupplyData
Server
Client
Data Query
Productoverview
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GIS Applications and Products 15
Rostock University, Chair for Geodesy and Geoinformatics GI_Products - 29 -
GIS products today: Hardware
• GIS runs on high-performance hardware at relatively low cost• GIS follows the client-server architecture• GIS available on mobile computers• GIS integrates new peripheral equipment
• particularly for data capture (GPS, digital photogrammetry, mobile pen computers)
=> In fact, Hardware is not a topic anymore!
Productoverview
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• GIS runs on all types of operating systems • essentially WindowsXP, NT, .., Linux, Unix
• GIS offers user-friendly interfaces• Windows, icons, menus and pointers (WIMP)
• GIS supports Windows-standards such as OLE/COM, DDE etc.• GIS based on standard programming languages C, C++, Java • GIS supports database language SQL• Trend to open systems and standardisation
• Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)• International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)
• => data interoperability
=> Basic software is actually not a topic anymore!
GIS products today: Basic software
Productoverview
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill GI Basics
GIS Applications and Products 16
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• GIS is an hybrid system supporting vector- and raster data• GIS runs on data bases for geometry and feature data• GIS offers relational, object-oriented and object-relational
data models• Geoinformation availability is permanently increasing• Geoinformation available via the internet
=> The time of added value due to data is about to start!
GIS products today: DataP
roductoverview
Rostock University, Chair for Geodesy and Geoinformatics GI_Products - 32 -
GIS products today: Open-Source alternatives
• Many Free/Open-Source (FOSS) GIS products are at least as advanced as commercial products
• Particularly in the domain of map/geodata-servers, spatial databases and Internet-GIS• Databases: Postgres/PostGIS, MySQL• Servers: UMN MapServer, GeoServer, deegree• Clients: mapbender, uDIG, Community Mapbuilder
• Also many FOSS toolkits for developing specialist spatial analysis applications• GeoAPI, GeoTools, deegree, Java Topology Suite (JTS)
• Basic GIS analysis can also be accomplished using FOSS tools• GRASS as an example of mainly raster-based GIS
• For desktop-GIS and large-scale analysis, there is not (yet) a real alternative to commercial products
Productoverview
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill GI Basics
GIS Applications and Products 17
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ESRI ArcGIS® - platform for our course
• Input:• Digitising, data import, GPS-support, CAD-exchange• Embedding of data from the internet (WMS, WFS)
• Management:• Geodatabase with integrated management of geometry
(raster and vector) and attributes or file-based (.shp ..)• Storage in Personal-GeoDB (Single user) or linking via
SDE to a multi user Geodata base (e.g. Oracle, DB2)
• Analysis:• selective queries, different sets of analysis functions
offered
• Presentation:• maps, tables, charts, 3D-views (3D-Analyst, ArcGlobe,
ArcScene)
I
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rcGIS
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ArcGIS – a scalable framework
• ArcGIS based on a modular component-based library of commonly used GIS software components calledArcObjects™
• ArcGIS Desktop clients – Suite of GIS applications• ArcGIS Engine – Development component• Server GIS – ArcSDE, ArcIMS or ArcGIS Server• Mobile GIS – ArcPad or ArcGIS Desktop (Tablet PC)
Source: ESRI, http://www.esri-germany.de
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ArcGIS – a scalable framework
• Single user - desktop • Enterprise/Organisation
Source: ESRI Germany, http://www.esri-germany.de
Files
Files
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Rostock University, Chair for Geodesy and Geoinformatics GI_Products - 36 -
ArcGIS 9 – a GIS product family
Concentration on ArcGIS desktop client
Source: ESRI Germany, http://www.esri-germany.de
Files
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ArcGIS Desktop
• covers different integrated applications:• ArcCatalog (Geodata browser, Metadata editor)• ArcToolbox (Data conversion, analysis and other functions)• ArcMap (Data visualisation, map layout)
• ArcGlobe (Extension)• ArcScene (Extension)• ModelBuilder (Geoprocessing)
• available in three functional product levels• ArcView (ArcGIS ArcView for analysis)
• Data capture (Shape files, Personal Geodatabases), analysis, visualisation, mapping, output and reporting
• ArcEditor (ArcGIS ArcEditor for extended editing)• Data modeling, topology, multi-user feasability, full functionality for geodata
bases• ArcInfo (ArcGIS ArcInfo for Geoprocessing)
• Further analytical functionality, geoprocessing, polygon processing, complete GIS (Input, Update, Query, Analyse, Mapping), for larger GIS infrastructures / GIS professionals
Function
ality
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ArcGIS ArcView
Source: ESRI
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ArcGIS ArcEditor
Source: ESRI
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ArcGIS ArcInfo
ArcView + ArcEditor +
ArcMap
ArcCatalog
ArcToolbox
ArcGlobe
ModelBuilder
Source: ESRI
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ArcCatalog – user interface
Data set
ToolboxCatalogue/ Table of content
Data view
• Geodata explorer• Views (Geometry,
attributes and metadata)
• Format conversions• Creation of ESRI shape
files, geodatabases• Metadata management• Setting up/changing
projections and reference systems
• Additional toolboxeswith various functions(ArcToolbox)
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ArcMap – user interface
Map document
Data or layout view(here: layout)
Data frameLayer 1...Layer n
Table of content
Menu bars
Display priority
Status
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ArcMap – map document
• File-based representation of an interactive map• Shows thematic views (Layer) of spatial data, that are organised in
the table of content (legend)• Maintains the display of spatial information• Stores links to the data – data are not part of the map document,
they are stored at other places• Contains information belonging to the elements of a map (e.g. data
frame, charts, tables, layout, selections, annotation)
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Rostock University, Chair for Geodesy and Geoinformatics GI_Products - 44 -
ArcMap – map document
Map document(*.mxd)
Data frame
Non-spatialtables
Charts
Layout
Macros1:n
1:n 1:n
1:11:n
Settings
1:n
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GIS Applications and Products 23
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Modelling in ArcView
City
Streets
Main road
Name Width Pavement
Main road 12.0 AsphaltBremer road 10.5 Asphalt
Parcels
Parcel 125/1
Nr Area Owner
125/1 982.2 Bill125/2 876.5 Bartelme
ExampleView
Themes
Features
Geometry
Attributes
Tables
View as spatial visualisation and organisationTables as database views or tabular organisation form E
SR
iArcG
IS
Rostock University, Chair for Geodesy and Geoinformatics GI_Products - 46 -
Literature
• Gorr, W.L., Kurland, K.S.. (2007): GIS Tutorial. Updated forArcGIS 9.2. Paperback: 374 pages, ESRI Press, USA; ISBN-978-1-58948-178-7, Price 69.95$
• Tomlinson, R. (2007): Thinkingabout GIS. Geographic Information System Planning for Managers. Paperback: 254 pages. ESRI Press. USA. ISBN: 978-1-58948-158-9 . Price $24.95
• Further material see: http://store.esri.com/esri/
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GIS Applications and Products 24
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Literature – Internet resources
• ESRI Virtual Campus • http://www.campus.esri.com – Internet courses
• ESRI Library (White Paper, brochures, portal for productspecific publications)• http://www.esri.com/library, ESRI Support Center
• ESRI resources (Portal for technical resources, scripts, knowlegde data base, data models, updates, etc.)• http://support.esri.com/,
• Conceptional descriptions (White Papers)• ESRI (2004): What is ArcGIS®?• ESRI (2002): ArcGIS Spatial Analyst: Advanced GIS Spatial
Analysis Using Raster and Vector Data, Internet ESRI Library• ESRI (1996): ArcGIS 3D-Analyst: Three Dimensional
Visualization, Topographic Analysis and Surface Creation, Internet ESRI Library
• ESRI (2004): ArcGIS for Developer, Internet ESRI Library
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