gautam sood jeewanjyot department of sociology and social anthropology, punjabi university, patiala
TRANSCRIPT
WORK PARTICIPATION BYSEX AND AGE IN PUNJAB
Gautam SoodJeewanjyot
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology,Punjabi University, Patiala
POPULATION STATISTICS: PUNJAB
Population of Punjab = 2,77,43,338 Punjab ranks 15th in terms of
Population
Total Population Males = 1, 46, 39465 (52.82%)
Total Population Females = 13103873 (47.17%)
Total Population Rural = 1,73,44,192 (62.52%)
Total Population Urban = 1,03,99,146 (37.48%)
Total Population Rural Males = 90,93,476 (52.42%)
Total Population Rural Females = 8250716 (47.58%)
Total Population Urban Males = 5545989 (53.33%)
Total Population Urban Females =4853157 (46.66%)
DEMOGRAPHICS OF PUNJABAge Group Total Population Rural Population Urban Population
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Total 27743338 14639465 13103873 17344192 9093476 8250716 10399146 5545989 4853157
5-9 2368019 1301682 1066337 1507022 827905 679117 860997 473777 387220
10-14 2583402 1445530 1137872 1668828 931366 737462 914574 514164 400410
15-19 2817683 1570180 1247503 1814427 1003831 810596 1003256 566349 436907
20-24 2776636 1465531 1311105 1706833 888739 818094 1069803 576792 493011
25-29 2463861 1270405 1193456 1455456 738196 717260 1008405 532209 476196
30-34 2116539 1082533 1034006 1263506 636268 627238 853033 446265 406768
35-39 1989071 1010862 978209 1202842 604249 598593 786229 406613 379616
40-49 3376240 1727343 1648897 2067586 1051489 1016097 1308654 675854 632800
50-59 2211019 1149509 1061510 1319003 681659 637344 892016 467850 424166
60-69 1716178 855289 860889 1150840 567649 583191 565338 287640 277698
70-79 770138 402323 367815 532089 280485 251604 238049 121838 116211
80+ 379501 186050 193451 274781 135823 138958 104720 50227 54493
Age not stated 41522 22272 19250 29610 15833 13777 11912 6439 5473
15-59 17751049 9276363 8474686 10829653 5604431 5225222 6921396 3671932 3249464
60+ 2865817 1443662 1422155 1957710 983957 973753 908107 459705 448402
Source: Census India, 2011
EMERGING PATTERNS
Age group with the Highest Population (Males, Females, Rural, Urban) = 40-49
Age group with the Lowest Population (Males, Females, Rural, Urban) = 80+ *Total Working Population = 17751049
Rural: 10829653 Males: 92,76,363Urban: 6921396 Females: 84,74,686)
**Dependent Population= 7817238Rural: 5133560 Males: 41,90,874Urban: 2683678 Females: 36,26,364
Rural Urban Ratio of Working Population = 61: 39
Rural Urban Ratio of Dependent Population = 66 : 34
Male Female Ratio of Working Population = 52.25 : 47.74
Male Female Ratio of Dependent Population = 53.61 : 46.38
* Age Group 15-59
**Age Group 05-14 and 60+; Excluding age group 0-4 and those who have not stated their age.Source: Census India, 2011
Working Dependent
Rural 61 66
Urban 39 34
5
15
25
35
45
55
65 6166
3934
Rural Urban Ratio of Working and De-pendent Population
Perc
en
tag
e
Source: Census India, 2011
Working Dependent
Males 52.25 53.61
Females 47.74 46.38
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
52.2553.61
47.7446.38
Male Female Ratio of Working and Dependent Population
Perc
en
tag
e
Source: Census India, 2011
Persons who have worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. 6 months or more)
Those workers who had not worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. less than 6 months) are termed as Marginal Workers.
A person who did not work at all during the reference period is treated as non-worker. The non-workers broadly constitute students, dependents, pensioners, beggars, vagrants, prostitutes, persons with unidentified source of income, Rentiers, Inmates of Jails, mental or charitable institutions and persons seeking/ available for work.
Main Workers
Marginal Workers
Non Workers
WORK PARTICIPATION: KEY INDICATORS
INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES OF MAIN WORKERS
Person is engaged in cultivation of land owned or held from Government or held from private persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or share. Cultivation includes effective supervision or direction in cultivation. A person who has given out her/his land to another person or persons or institution(s) for cultivation for money, kind or share of crop and who does not even supervise or direct cultivation of land, is not treated as cultivator. Similarly, a person working on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or a combination of both (agricultural labourer) is not treated as cultivator. Cultivation does not include the following plantation crops - tea, coffee, rubber, coconut and betel-nuts (areca).
A person who works on another person's land for wages in money or kind or share is regarded as an agricultural labourer. An agricultural labourer has no right of lease or contract on land on which she/he works.
Household Industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the household at home or within the village in rural areas and only within the precincts of the house where the household lives in urban areas.
All workers, i.e., those who have been engaged in some economic activity during the last one year, but are not cultivators or agricultural labourers or in Household Industry, are 'Other Workers(OW)'. The type of workers that come under this category of 'OW' include all government servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction, political or social work, priests, entertainment artists, etc.
Cultivator:
Agricultural Labourers
Household Industry Workers
Others
Source: Census India, 2011
TOTALS
Population of Punjab
Main Workers Marginal Workers Non-workers
Less than 3 months
3-6 Months Available/Seeking Total Available/Seeking
Total 27743338 8450936 296011 1150415 673937 17845976 1554976
Males
14639465
7264631 148000 661526 431110 6565308 621876
Females
13103873
1186305 148011 488889 242827 11280668 933100
Rural 17344192 5107024 249577 822598 513706 11164993 984862
Urban 10399146 3343912 46434 327817 160231 6680983 570114
Rural Males 9093476 4417839 116756 461224 325672 4097657 381069
Rural Females 8250716 689185 132821 361374 188034 7067336 603793
Urban Males 5545989 2846792 31244 200302 105438 2467651 240807
Urban Females 4853157 497120 15190 127515 54793 4213332 329307
Source: Census India, 2011
DISTRICT WISE DISTRIBUTION OF WORKERSDistricts Main Workers Marginal Workers Non Workers
Gurdaspur 625778 757138 1719476
Kapurthala 248208 284165 568530
Jalandhar 689592 774472 1529551
Hoshiarpur 411011 499822 1189992
Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar 173507 204329 442675
Fatehgarh Sahib 192845 214783 416102Ludhiana 1138654 1284822 2374267Moga 304880 359172 699151
Firozpur 618362 756695 1374760
Muktsar 287205 335326 607682
Faridkot 190415 221555 433653
Bathinda 452678 549986 910081
Mansa 247175 328512 481822
Patiala 570391 660267 1335405
Amritsar 787254 917856 1720712
Tarn Taran 316310 380702 812851
Rupnagar 194209 233676 495762
SAS Nagar 316236 356995 692463
Sangrur 499792 568758 1178583
Barnala 186434 209331 417434
Source: Census India, 2011
MAIN WORKERSAge Group Total Population Rural Population Urban Population
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Total 8450936 7264631 1186305 5107024 4417839 689185 3343912 2846792 497120
5-9 23531 14337 9194 14207 8746 5461 9324 5591 3733
10-14 66822 48759 18063 42747 31010 11737 24075 17749 6326
15-19 396263 338041 58222 263448 224962 38486 132815 113079 19736
20-24 945741 821204 124537 593609 518570 75039 352132 302634 49498
25-29 1166672 1003022 163650 668523 579366 89157 498149 423656 74493
30-34 1087604 929420 158184 626371 537883 88488 461233 391537 69696
35-39 1048282 887851 160431 613207 522456 90751 435075 365395 69680
40-49 1782599 1524234 258365 1061769 914334 147435 720830 609900 110930
50-59 1110580 968620 141960 645626 568590 77036 464954 400030 64924
60-69 580752 513402 67350 404042 356830 47212 176710 156572 20138
70-79 179325 161521 17804 128922 116470 12452 50403 45051 5352
80+ 52888 45993 6895 37738 32919 4819 15150 13074 2076
Age not stated 9877 8227 1650 6815 5703 1112 3062 2524 538
15-59 7537741 6472392 1065349 4472553 3866161 606392 3065188 2606231 458957
60+ 812965 720916 92049 570702 506219 64483 242263 214697 27566
Source: Census India, 2011
05 09
10 14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-49
50-59
60-69
70-79
80+
Percentage of Main Workers as per Age
Source: Census India, 2011
TotalHighest :40-49Lowest: 05-09
Total MaleHighest : 40-49Lowest: 05-09
Total FemaleHighest: 40-49Lowest: 80+
RuralHighest: 40-49Lowest: 05-09
Rural MaleHighest: 40-49Lowest: 05-09
Rural FemaleHighest: 40-49Lowest: 80+
UrbanHighest: 40-49Lowest: 05-09
Urban MalesHighest: 40-49Lowest: 05-09
Urban FemalesHighest: 40-49Lowest: 80+
POPULATION STATISTICS: MAIN WORKERS
Total Main Workers = 8450936
Main Workers Rural = 5107024 (60.43%)
Main Workers Urban = 3343912 (39.56%)
Total Main Workers Male = 7264631 (85.96%)
Total Main Workers Female = 1186305 (14.03%)
Main Workers Rural Males = 4417839 (86.50%)
Main Workers Rural Females = 689185 (13.49%)
Main Workers Urban Males = 2846792 (85.13%)
Main Workers Urban Females = 497120 (14.86%)
Age group with the Highest Population (Males, Females, Rural, Urban) =
40-49
Age group with the Lowest Population (Males, Females, Rural, Urban) =
05-09Source: Census India, 2011
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
39.56
60.43
Percentage of Main Workers as per AreaP
erc
en
tag
e
Source: Census India, 2011
Total Rural Urban
Males 85.96 86.5 85.13
Females 14.03 13.49 14.86
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
85
9585.96 86.5 85.13
14.03 13.49 14.86
Main Workers as per Area and SexP
erc
en
tag
e
Source: Census India, 2011
DISTRICT WISE PERCENTAGE OF WORKERS BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES
District Cultivators Agricultural Labourers Household Industry Other Workers
Gurdaspur 19.5 13.3 4.1 63.1
Kapurthala 19.4 14.9 3.5 62.2
Jalandhar 11.1 8.6 3.8 76.5
Hosiarpur 18 14.9 3.2 64
SBS Nagar 20.9 11.1 4.4 63.7
Fatehgarh Sahib 20.6 10 3.7 65.7
Ludhiana 11 7.7 5.6 75.8
Moga 25.5 22.9 5 46.5
Ferozepur 25.3 30.1 1.9 42.6
Muktsar 25.8 33.1 1.5 39.5
Faridkot 24 24.4 3.7 47.9
Bathinda 25.7 23.3 2.7 48.2
Mansa 32.3 27.5 4.1 36.1Patiala 17.1 13.5 3.6 65.8
Amritsar 13.6 13.2 4.5 68.6
Tarn Taran 30.4 21.3 5.6 42.6
Rup Nagar 19.5 9.2 5.3 66
SAS Nagar 11.5 6.1 3.8 78.6Sangrur 27.6 16.1 3.3 53
Barnala 28.8 19.3 2.5 49.4
Source: Census India, 2011
HIGHEST AND LOWEST WORK PARTICIPATION ACROSS DISTRICTS
CultivatorsHighest : MansaLowest: Ludhiana
Agricultural LabourersHighest : MuktsarLowest: SAS Nagar
Household IndustryHighest : Ludhiana
& Tarn TaranLowest: Muktsar
OthersHighest : SAS NagarLowest: Mansa
MARGINAL WORKERS
Source: Census India, 2011
Marginal Workers (worked less than 3 months)
Age Group Total Population Rural Population Urban Population
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Total 296011 148000 148011 249577 116756 132821 46434 31244 15190
5-9 1753 945 808 1420 759 661 333 186 147
10-14 9364 5362 4002 8116 4485 3631 1248 877 371
15-19 36175 22293 13882 30863 18204 12659 5312 4089 1223
20-24 45006 26326 18680 37082 20428 16654 7924 5898 2026
25-29 37416 19166 18250 30752 14507 16245 6664 4659 2005
30-34 31987 13893 18094 26851 10712 16139 5136 3181 1955
35-39 30182 12085 18097 25442 9302 16140 4740 2783 1957
40-49 46895 19113 27782 39645 14767 24878 7250 4346 2904
50-59 26048 11743 14305 22099 9235 12864 3949 2508 1441
60-69 21962 11154 10808 19391 9394 9997 2571 1760 811
70-79 6802 4438 2364 5856 3733 2123 946 705 241
80+ 2048 1280 768 1738 1057 681 310 223 87
Age not stated 373 202 171 322 173 149 51 29 22
15-59 253709 124619 129090 212734 97155 115579 40975 27464 13511
60+ 30812 16872 13940 26985 14184 12801 3827 2688 1139
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
85
15.69
84.31
Percentage of Marginal Workers (less than 3 months) as per Area
Perc
en
tag
e
Source: Census India, 2011
Total Rural Urban
Males 49.99 46.78 67.28
Females 50.01 53.2 32.72
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
49.9946.78
67.28
50.0153.2
32.72
Marginal Workers who worked less than 3 months as per Area and Sex
Perc
en
tag
e
Source: Census India, 2011
MARGINAL WORKERS
Source: Census India, 2011
Marginal Workers (worked for 3 to 6 months)
Age Group Total Population Rural Population Urban Population
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Total 1150415 661526 488889 822598 461224 361374 327817 200302 127515
5-9 27360 15198 12162 12643 6979 5664 14717 8219 6498
10-14 47815 27681 20134 26754 15461 11293 21061 12220 8841
15-19 126083 82205 43878 88157 57362 30795 37926 24843 13083
20-24 176782 113405 63377 125992 80202 45790 50790 33203 17587
25-29 150572 89830 60742 106811 62464 44347 43761 27366 16395
30-34 124243 67675 56568 90747 47604 43143 33496 20071 13425
35-39 114957 59371 55586 85318 42258 43060 29639 17113 12526
40-49 180198 92660 87538 134582 66273 68309 45616 26387 19229
50-59 99184 53118 46066 72753 37333 35420 26431 15785 10646
60-69 71343 40371 30972 55278 30429 24849 16065 9942 6123
70-79 22102 14209 7893 16528 10696 5832 5574 3513 2061
80+ 7736 4601 3135 5499 3277 2222 2237 1324 913
Age not stated 2040 1202 838 1536 886 650 504 316 188
15-59 972019 558264 413755 704360 393496 310864 267659 164768 102891
60+ 101181 59181 42000 77305 44402 32903 23876 14779 9097
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
28.5
71.5
Percentage of Marginal Workers (3-6 months) as per Area
Perc
en
tag
e
Source: Census India, 2011
Total Rural Urban
Males 57.5 56 61
Females 42.5 44 39
5
15
25
35
45
55
6557.5 56
61
42.5 4439
Marginal Workers who worked 3-6 months as per Area and Sex
Perc
en
tag
e
Source: Census India, 2011
MARGINAL WORKERS
Source: Census India, 2011
Marginal Workers ( Seeking / available for work)
Age Group Total Population Rural Population Urban Population
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Total 673937 431110 242827 513706 325672 188034 160231 105438 54793
5-9 8237 4665 3572 4467 2525 1942 3770 2140 1630
10-14 20965 12780 8185 13885 8422 5463 7080 4358 2722
15-19 91976 63393 28583 69088 47381 21707 22888 16012 6876
20-24 130188 89381 40807 96825 66671 30154 33363 22710 10653
25-29 99698 64970 34728 74115 48120 25995 25583 16850 8733
30-34 75060 45331 29729 58117 34645 23472 16943 10686 6257
35-39 66569 38717 27852 52387 29911 22476 14182 8806 5376
40-49 95114 56630 38484 75594 44235 31359 19520 12395 7125
50-59 45056 28498 16558 35721 22124 13597 9335 6374 2961
60-69 29864 18977 10887 24588 15421 9167 5276 3556 1720
70-79 7765 5531 2234 6253 4472 1781 1512 1059 453
80+ 2466 1609 857 1858 1223 635 608 386 222Age not stated 979 628 351 808 522 286 171 106 65
15-59 603661 386920 216741 461847 293087 168760 141814 93833 47981
60+ 40095 26117 13978 32699 21116 11583 7396 5001 2395
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
85
23.88
76.22
Percentage of Marginal Workers (seeking/available for work) as per Area
Perc
en
tag
e
Source: Census India, 2011
Total Rural Urban
Males 63.9 63.4 65.8
Females 36.1 36.6 34.2
5
15
25
35
45
55
65 63.9 63.4 65.8
36.1 36.6 34.2
Marginal Workers Seeking/Available for work as per Area and Sex
Perc
en
tag
e
Source: Census India, 2011
AGE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF MARGINAL WORKERS
TotalHighest : 40-49Lowest: 05-09
Total MaleHighest : 20-24Lowest: 05-09
Total FemaleHighest: 40-49Lowest: 80+
RuralHighest: 40-49Lowest: 05-09
Rural MaleHighest: 20-24Lowest: 05-09
Rural FemaleHighest: 40-49Lowest: 05-09
UrbanHighest: 20-24Lowest: 80+
Urban MalesHighest: 20-24Lowest: 05-09
Urban FemalesHighest: 40-49Lowest: 80+
WORKED LESS THAN 3 MONTHS 3-6 MONTHS
TotalHighest : 40-49Lowest: 80+
Total MaleHighest : 20-24Lowest: 80+
Total FemaleHighest: 40-49Lowest: 80+
RuralHighest: 40-49Lowest: 80+
Rural MaleHighest: 20-24Lowest: 80+
Rural FemaleHighest: 40-49Lowest: 80+
UrbanHighest: 20-24Lowest: 80+
Urban MalesHighest: 20-24Lowest: 80+
Urban FemalesHighest: 40-49Lowest: 80+
TotalHighest : 20-24Lowest: 80+
Total Male Highest : 20-24Lowest: 80+
Total Female Highest : 20-24Lowest: 80+
Rural Highest : 20-24Lowest: 80+
Rural Male Highest : 20-24Lowest: 80+
Rural Female Highest : 20-24Lowest: 80+
UrbanHighest: 20-24Lowest: 80+
Urban Males Highest : 20-24Lowest: 80+
Urban Females Highest : 20-24Lowest: 80+
SEEKING/AVAILABLE
NON WORKERS
Non-workersAge Group Total Population Rural Population Urban Population
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Total 17845976 6565308 11280668 11164993 4097657 7067336 6680983 2467651 4213332
5-9 2315375 1271202 1044173 1478752 811421 667331 836623 459781 376842
10-14 2459401 1363728 1095673 1591211 880410 710801 868190 483318 384872
15-19 2259162 1127641 1131521 1431959 703303 728656 827203 424338 402865
20-24 1609107 504596 1104511 950150 269539 680611 658957 235057 423900
25-29 1109201 158387 950814 649370 81859 567511 459831 76528 383303
30-34 872705 71545 801160 519537 40069 479468 353168 31476 321692
35-39 795650 51555 744095 478875 30233 448642 316775 21322 295453
40-49 1366548 91336 1275212 831590 56115 775475 534958 35221 499737
50-59 975207 116028 859179 578525 66501 512024 396682 49527 347155
60-69 1042121 290362 751759 672129 170996 501133 369992 119366 250626
70-79 561909 222155 339754 380783 149586 231197 181126 72569 108557
80+ 316829 134176 182653 229806 98570 131236 87023 35606 51417
Age not stated 29232 12641 16591 20937 9071 11866 8295 3570 4725
15-59 8987580 2121088 6866492 5440006 1247619 4192387 3547574 873469 2674105
60+ 1920859 646693 1274166 1282718 419152 863566 638141 227541 410600
Source: Census India, 2011
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
37.5
62.5
Percentage of Non Workers as per AreaP
erc
en
tag
e
Source: Census India, 2011
Total Rural Urban
Males 36.8 36.7 36.9
Females 63.2 63.3 63.1
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
36.8 36.7 36.9
63.2 63.3 63.1
Non Workers as per Area and SexP
erc
en
tag
e
Source: Census India, 2011
NON WORKERS
Source: Census India, 2011
Non – Workers ( Seeking / available for work)
Age Group Total Population Rural Population Urban Population
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Total 1554976 621876 933100 984862 381069 603793 570114 240807 329307
5-9 23321 13076 10245 14936 8388 6548 8385 4688 3697
10-14 57302 34005 23297 38868 22733 16135 18434 11272 7162
15-19 388698 229756 158942 260771 150833 109938 127927 78923 49004
20-24 419649 194091 225558 254681 112486 142195 164968 81605 83363
25-29 231211 66581 164630 134363 35413 98950 96848 31168 65680
30-34 121962 22381 99581 74241 12610 61631 47721 9771 37950
35-39 91291 12571 78720 57477 7523 49954 33814 5048 28766
40-49 113788 17333 96455 75195 10819 64376 38593 6514 32079
50-59 52768 11942 40826 35247 7033 28214 17521 4909 12612
60-69 39851 13547 26304 28150 8569 19581 11701 4978 6723
70-79 10325 4564 5761 7478 3225 4253 2847 1339 1508
80+ 3418 1436 1982 2441 996 1445 977 440 537
Age not stated 1392 593 799 1014 441 573 378 152 226
15-59 1419367 554655 864712 891975 336717 555258 527392 217938 309454
60+ 53594 19547 34047 38069 12790 25279 15525 6757 8768
Total Rural Urban
Males 40 38.7 42.2
Females 60 61.3 57.8
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
40 38.742.2
60 61.357.8
Non Workers Seeking/Available for work as per Area and Sex
Perc
en
tag
e
Source: Census India, 2011
AGE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF NON WORKERS
TotalHighest : 10-14Lowest: 80+
Total MaleHighest : 10-14Lowest: 35-39
Total FemaleHighest: 40-49Lowest: 80+
RuralHighest: 10-14Lowest: 80+
Rural MaleHighest: 10-14Lowest: 35-39
Rural FemaleHighest: 40-49Lowest: 80+
UrbanHighest: 10-14Lowest: 80+
Urban MalesHighest: 10-14Lowest: 35-39
Urban FemalesHighest: 40-49Lowest: 80+
TOTAL SEEKING/AVAILABLE
TotalHighest :20-14Lowest: 80+
Total MaleHighest :15-19Lowest: 80+
Total FemaleHighest: 20-24Lowest: 80+
RuralHighest: 15-19Lowest: 80+
Rural MaleHighest: 15-19Lowest: 80+
Rural FemaleHighest: 20-24Lowest: 80+
Urban Highest:20-24Lowest: 80+
Urban Males Highest:20-24Lowest: 80+
Urban Females Highest:20-24Lowest: 80+
