gases and their properties ch 11. areas to explore gas particles and motion gas particles and...
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Gases and Their Properties
CH 11
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Areas to Explore Gas Particles and Motion Gas Variables Manipulating Variables
Pressure and Volume
Pressure and Temperature
Volume and Temperature
Volume and Amount
Combining Gases
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• Kinetic Theory – all matter is in motion
• The energy of moving objects (even electrons, atoms, molecules) is called Kinetic Energy.
Kinetic Molecular Theory
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Gases: Have mass. Are compressible. fill their containers Diffuse Gases can move through each
other rapidly. exert pressure
Pressure is dependent on Temp.
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Gas Variables Pressure
Temperature
volume
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Pressure
• Pressure is force per unit area• Atmospheric pressure, or air pressure
– (mixture of gases) caused by gases in atmosphere colliding with each other.
• Air pressure lower at higher altitudes. Greatest at sea level.
• External Pressure vs. Internal pressure
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area
forcepressure
Which shoes create the most pressure?Top
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Temperature
• A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter• Does this mean it always relates
to HEAT?
• What happens when molecules STOP moving?
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Temperature Always use absolute temperature (Kelvin) when working with
gases.
ºF
ºC
K
-459 32 212
-273 0 100
0 273 373
32FC 95 K = ºC + 273Top
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Volume
• the space that a substance or shape occupies or contains.
• How do gases ‘have’ volume?
• Standard unit: L or mL
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Pressure and Volume
P
V
PV = k
Volume (mL)
Pressure (torr)
P·V (mL·torr)
10.0 760.0 7.60 x 103
20.0 379.6 7.59 x 103
30.0 253.2 7.60 x 103
40.0 191.0 7.64 x 103
• As Pressure of the surroundings is increased, FORCE on the system is increased. • This will push the molecules closer together,
decreasing volume
• As P increased, V decreased
• INVERSLY RELATED
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kT
V
V
T
Volume and Temperature
Volume (mL)
Temperature (K)
V/T (mL/K)
40.0 273.2 0.146
44.0 298.2 0.148
47.7 323.2 0.148
51.3 348.2 0.147
• At Constant pressure temperature increased makes the molecules move faster
• This will make them increase the space they occupy!
• As T increases, V increases• DIRECTLY RELATED
• : V1T2 = V2T1
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kT
P
P
T
Pressure and Temperature
Temperature (K)
Pressure (torr)
P/T (torr/K)
248 691.6 2.79
273 760.0 2.78
298 828.4 2.78
373 1,041.2 2.79
• At Constant Volume temperature increased makes the molecules move faster
• This will make them increase the force they exert!
• As T increases, P increases• DIRECTLY RELATED
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kn
V
V
n
Volume and amount of Gas
Gas Volume
(mL) Mass
(g) Moles, n
V/n (L/mol)
O2 100.0 0.122 3.81 10-3 26.2
N2 100.0 0.110 3.93 10-3 25.5
CO2 100.0 0.176 4.00 10-3 25.0
• At constant pressure and temperature, as the amount of gas is increased, the space it takes up will increase!
• Directly Related
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• Can we combine all the equations into ONE formula?
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Combining Gases• The total pressure of a mixture of
gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
Ptotal = P1 + P2 + ... Top