Gas Laws STUDY GUIDE Due: February 12th

Units of Measurement:

For the following questions, use the following answer choices to indicate what each unit of measurement is

used to measure.

A. Pressure B. Volume

C 1. K ÿ 4. kPa

A 2. atm ÿ 5. L

3. mL ÿ_ÿ 6. °C

C. Temperature

'A 7.

A 8.

psi

mmHg

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A crew was given steam cleaning equipment and asked to steam clean a Tank Car. The interior of the tank car was

washed out & cleaned with steam. Then all the outlet valves were shut and the tank car was sealed. All the

workers went home for the evening and when they returned, the picture below shows what they found.

Explain why this happened using the behavior of gases to support your answer.

Pressure

Answer the following questions related to pressure. For any problems, show all work (using dimensional

analysis) and report your answers with the proper number of units and significant figures.

I atm = 760 mmHg = 101.3 kPa = 14.7 psi

9. In a sample of gas, what causes pressure? Answer in a complete sentence.

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11 How many kilopascals are in 760 psi?

Relationships among P, V, T and the Number of Gas Particles

Answer the following questions in complete sentences. ÿ'

12 If temperature is held constant, as the volume increases, the pressure for a given sample of gas will

€ÿoÿ%ÿ_ ? Justify your answer on a molecular level

13. How does increasing the number of gas particles affect the pressure of a gas? Justify your answer on amolecular level

14 How does the kinetic energy of a gas change as temperature is increased?

How does this affect the pressure?

Gas Laws and Graphing

15. Define Boyle's, Charles', and Avogadro's Laws.

Q-BvoCXo4,ro : v,. (,v

O,,_'CÿL

Use the following graphs to answer the next 7 problems.

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Graph #1 :The Relationshipbetween Volume and Pressure

of a Gas

Graph #2: The Relationshipbetween Volume and

Temperature of a Gas

0 20 40 60 80

100 L8060

2o

L100 0 20 40 60

Volume (mL) Temperature (K)

16. Which graph represents Boyle's Law? (.ÿ(ÿ[ÿ ÿ'ÿ ÿ-

17. Which graph represents Charles's Law? (,ÿ ÿc!.ÿ -ÿ ÿ-

181 Which graph has the same shape as Avogadro°s Law? ÿVÿ(Aÿk "ÿF

19. In Graph #1, what is the pressure on 20mL of gas? ,.ÿC-ÿoÿ

20. In Graph #2, what is the volume when the temperature reaches 55K? ÿ/ÿ--

21. Which graph represents an inverse relationship? (,ÿ- KOÿk!k ÿF ÿ_

22. Which graph represents a direct relationship? ÿ v" o ÿVA .-ÿ=ÿ_.

Sample Problems

Show all work. Be sure to report your answers with the correct numbers of significant figures and the

correct units. Also, write down the gas law used to solve each problem.

23.

n -F 'P

What is theÿ a sample of gas that contains 1.2mol at 780K and 1.3atm?

Name of Gas Law used here: "ÿ-(ÿ(ÿC:ÿ\ ÿ ÿ-Cÿt,K.J

Q

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V ÿ "i",= % \ÿ"

A balloon is heated so that it will expand. Initially, the volume is 56mL at 45°C. If the balloon is heated so

that it expands to 130mL, what is theÿ-w-temperÿ the balloon in degrees Celsius?

[uiTo°c.\Name of Gas Law used here: ÿ Ckÿ ÿ: S" LO, Vÿ

25. What is thÿ if a 2.0L sample at 120kPa is reduced to 1.2L assuming that the temperatureremains constant? Vÿ. ÿ ÿ Vz

'ÿ"P;X/ .: 'RÿX,J t_

'Zoÿ9,:,.- Z.oL :ÿz." \,ZL_

0 26.

Name of Gas Law used here: ÿ:::>0 " ÿ "½\r, s Lo,.ÿ,.ÿ

PTLaughing gas is a mixture of dinitrogen monoxide and oxygen. If the total pressure is 1.2atm, what is the

partial pressure of dinitrogen monoxide given that the partial pressure of oxygen is 0.45arm?oÿ

i ,'L,ÿ.e.,-, = IPÿ,.2o ,- 0.4Sÿt+-r,ÿ

Name of Gas Law used here: fDo,.ÿqk, l'ÿ,ÿ ÿ¢ ÿc,ÿ-\ Prÿ%%ÿqÿ%

27. The Kelvin temperature of a gas was originally doubled. If the initial pressure is 740mmHg, what would be

the new pressure after the temperature was increased?

Name of Gas Law used here: (ÿOf'ÿq ÿÿ. ÿ(.L,ÿ )__.lÿiA. ]

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28.

T,=z7 ÿ Y-

A 3.45L sample of nitrogen gas is originally at STP. If the temperature is increased to 50°C and the

pressure is raised to 2.3arm, what is the ÿ)Pÿ

- O, Oh7 VT_ ':'ÿ' ,q

Name of Gas Law used here: \¢ÿt°ÿCkÿk ÿ i eÿ

29. What is thÿof carbon monoxide gas if 0.304L is kept at 0.45atm and 440K?v p ÿ-

Name of Gas Law used here: \ ÿ2ÿ_.Oÿ\ ÿ:iÿOÿ 'Lÿb¢_ÿ

30. A cylinder with a movable piston contains 0.50(rÿmoles of helium at room temperature. More helium was

added to the cylinder and the volume was adjusted so that the gas pressure remained the same. How manymoles of helium were added to the cylinder if the volume was changed from 2.00 L to 2.70 L?

Z, oÿL Z.I o L-

"6.ooÿ

Name of Gas Law used here: ÿ bO ÿ:)S L-OÿV

31. How man graÿÿust decompose in order to produce 3.10 liters of CIÿ at 50.0°C and

98.4 kPa? 2AICI3 ÿ 2AI + 3Clÿ T =3&ÿ ÿL

\

b,\\3b r,ÿo\ G\7_

PL,. ÿ t',J

I ÿ'"x I

\

Iÿ. G-IS twos. - o. S rno\

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Ideal Gas Law and Stoichiometry Use the following reaction to answer the next few

questions:

2 C8H18(1) + 25 O2(g) .... > 16 CO2(g) + 18 H20(g)The above reaction is the reaction between gasoline (octane) and oxygen that

occurs inside automobile engines.

29) If 4.00 moles of gasoline are burned, whatis needed if the

pressure is 0.953 atm, and the temperature is ÿol e_ÿ ÿ4 ÿ a/ÿ l_- 0 z¢-\3 ÿt>ÿ tÿ L

o. ¢%.ÿ,ÿ.v = ,ÿo.bo,'-,ÿ. o .oÿ'zl ÿ---ÿ. v. •

31) If you burned one gallon of g (C8H18) (approximately 4000 grams), how many liters ofcarbon dioxide, would be produced at a temperature of 21.0°C and a pressure of 1.00 atm?

I .ÿo aar,,,ÿ • V = Zÿ 03 -¢z rÿl • o,o ÿ" zÿ ÿ-aiT.ÿ. • 2-°t q K

v=to-1 L0?__ L_

?,z ooo co. i