gas laws
DESCRIPTION
Gas Laws. Chapter 14. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases. No attraction/repulsion Volume of particles is 0 Constant motion Elastic collisions Temperature equals the average kinetic energy of all particles. Factors Affecting Gas Pressure. Amount of Gas (n=moles) Volume (Liters) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Gas Laws
Chapter 14
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Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
No attraction/repulsionVolume of particles is 0Constant motionElastic collisionsTemperature equals the average kinetic
energy of all particles
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Factors Affecting Gas Pressure
Amount of Gas (n=moles)
Volume (Liters)
Temperature (Kelvin)Remember: K=oC +273
1atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 Torr = 101.3 kPa = 14.7 psi
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Boyle’s Law
At constant temperature, pressure and volume are indirectly related.
P1V1 = P2V2
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Practice: Boyle’s Law
A gas system has an initial volume of 2.36L with the pressure unknown. When the volume changes to 2290mL the pressure is found to be 6390torr What was the initial pressure in atm?
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Charles’s Law
At constant pressure, volume and temperature are directly related.
V1/T1 = V2/T2
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Practice: Charles’s Law
Calculate the final temperature of a gas in Celsius when 2L of the gas at 128K is compress to 0.5L?
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What About Pressure and Temperature? Gay Lussac’s LawAt constant volume,
pressure and temperature are directly related
P1/T1 = P2/T2
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Practice
What is the final pressure of a sample of gas that has an initial pressure of 89.3kPa when its temperature is raised from 25oC to 100oC?
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Combined Gas Law
P1V1/n1T1 = P2V2/n2T2
http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/gasesv6.swf
A closed gas system initially has pressure and temperature of 1.56atm and 629K with the volume unknown. If the same closed system has values of 195torr, 9940mL and 523K, what was the initial volume in L?
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ASSIGNMENT
Practice Problems (Section 14.2):# 7-14
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IDEAL GAS LAW
PV=nRT
R= 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K = 8.31 L*kPa/mol*K
Calculate the pressure in a 212 Liter tank containing 23.3 kg of argon gas at25°C?
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Ideal v. Real Gases
They’re the same except at EXTREMELY LOW TEXTREMELY HIGH P
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Assignment
Section 14.3 Assessment# 25-30
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Ideal Gas Law and Molar Mass
M=mRT/PV given n=m/M
Where n=moles, m=mass and M=molar mass
How many grams of gas are present in a sample that has a molar mass of 70 g/mol and occupies a 2.00 L container at 117kPa and 35.1 oC?
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Ideal Gas Law and Density
D=MP/RT given n=m/M and D=m/V
What is the density of a gas at STP that has a molar mass of 44.0 g/mol?
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Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure
Pressure and moles of gas are directly proportional.
Ptotal= P1 + P2 + P3 + …
http://www.tlv.com/global/US/steam-theory/steam-partial-pressure-pt1.html
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Gas Stoichiometry
If 1.39 g of ethane(C2H6) is reacted with oxygen, what volume of carbon dioxide is produced at: STP?
12.3oC at 107.4KPa?
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Avogadro’s Principle
Equal volumes of gas at the same temperature and pressure have equal numbers of particles.
Translation:
1 mole = 22.4 L = 6.02 x 1023 gas particles
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Diffusion/Effusion
Diffusion- gases move toward areas of lower concentration
Effusion- gas escaping through tiny holes in container
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Graham’s Law of Gaseous Effusion
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TEST
30 MC Questions5 problems requiring elegant solutions