gas conatant gpa

GPA Standard 21 45-00 Revision 2

Table of Physical Constants for Hydrocarbons and Other Compounds of Interest to the Natural Gas Industry

Adopted 1942 Revised 7957,1962, 1966, 1971, 1975, 7977, 1982, 1983, 7984, 1985, 1986,

7988, 7989, 7990, 1997, 1992, 7993,1994, 1995, 7996,2000 Reprinted 7997, 7998,2000

"Copyright 2000 by Gas Processors Association. All rights reserved. No pari of this Report may be reproduced without the written consent of the Gas Processors Association."

Gas Processors Association 6526 East 60th Street

Tulsa, Oklahoma 741 45

COPYRIGHT Gas Processors Association (GPA)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT Gas Processors Association (GPA)Licensed by Information Handling Services

FOREWORD

The Table of Physical Constants for Hydrocarbons and Other Components of Interest to the Natural Gas Industry, GPA Publication Standard 2 145 provides the gas processing industry with a convenient compilation of authoritative numerical values for the paraffin hydrocarbons and other compounds occurring in natural gas and natural gas liquids as well as for a few other compounds of interest to the industry. The physical properties selected are those considered most valuable for engineering and analytical computations in gas processing plants and laboratories. The properties are based upon work by Rossini, API Research Project 44, and from the TRC Thermodynamic Tables - Hydrocarbons. The data in this publication have been checked, evaluated and recalculated when necessary by the Thermodynamics Research Center í‘TRC) at Texas A&M Universitv.

Some of the numbers in the tables result from other numbers in the tables by simple calculation; the final results are as internally consistent as is reasonably possible. Values obtained from such related data may differ from the tabulated values in the last digit because of numerical round off, but the differences are beyond the accuracy of the data (see the comment at the bottom of pages 3 and 9). Each of the values in the Standard result from a preferred method of calculation. The value of the gas constant used in the tables is 8.31451 joules per mole per Kelvin. Numbers in bold face are different from the previous edition of 2145.

The values of the physical properties for the components in GPA 2145, as well as those for many more compounds, appear in the GPSA Engineering Data Book. The Eleventh Edition, which became available in 1998, has the same values as GPA Publication Standard 2145-96. Values in subsequent annual publications of GPA 2145 may not agree exactly with those in the Data Book because it is not revised yearly. When revision dates coincide, the values in the two tables are identical.

DISCLAIMER

GPA publications necessarily address problems of a general nature and may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by GPA to assure accuracy and reliability of the information contained in its publications. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed. It is not the intent of GPA to assume the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train employees or others exposed, concerning health and safety risks or precautions.

GPA makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict, or for any infringement of letters of patent regarding apparatus, equipment, or method so covered.

GPA 2145 COPYRIGHT Gas Processors Association (GPA)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT Gas Processors Association (GPA)Licensed by Information Handling Services

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS GPA STANDARD 2145-00 (FPS) becomes effective January 1,2000

Flammabiliîy Limits at 100 "F, 14.696 psia

Lower, volume % In air Upper, volume % in air

Motor clear Research clear

Octane Number

at 60 O F , 14.696 psia Relative density, air = 1.0 0.55392 1.0382 1.5226 2.0068 2.0068 2.4912 2.4912 Densiw lbm/(i000 ff) 42.276 79.239 116.20 153.16 153.16 190.13 190.13

Summation Factor at 60 "F, psia-' 0.01 16 0.0239 0.0350 0.0444 0.0477 0.0591 0.0606 Volume at 60 O F . 14.696 osia

5.01 2.91 2.01 1.81 1.51 1.31 1.4 15.01 13.01 9.51 8.51 9.01 8-01 8.3

I 0.05 I 97.11 97.61 89.61 90.3 I 62.6 1.61 1.81 0.101 93.81 92.31 61.7

lat 60 "F, 14 696 mia

Numbers in this table do not have accuracies greater than I part in 1000. In some cases, ertra digits have been added to dculeted values to achieve internal consistency or t o p e r d recalculation of experimental values.


STD*GPA 2L45-ENGL 2000 3824b77 0020b2b 137

component n-Hexane n-Heptane n-Octane n-Nonane n-Decane Ethylene Propylene

1Molar Mass 86.177 100.204 1 14.23 i 128.258 142.285 28.054 42.081 'Boiling Point

Freezing Point at 14.696 psia, "F 155.721 209.131 258.21 I 303.40 I 345.401 -154.72 I -53.85

at 14.696 psia, O F -139.551 -131.02 I -70.161 -64.281 -21.36 I -272.451 -301.47

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS GPA STANDARD 2145-00 (FPS) becomes effective January 1,2000

Vapor Pressure at 100 OF, psia Density of Liquid

4.96141 1.62031 0.53661 0.17961 0.05889l i *6%Y~8?!&@Q] 227.87

at 60 "F, 14.696 psia Relative density at 60 "Fí60 "F API Gravity Absolute density, Ibmígal

Density of Ideal Gas

0.66403 0.68817 O. 7 O 6 9 6 0.72185 0.73404 0.23569 0.52264 81.593 74.118 68.652 64.525 61.268 468.877 139.243 5.5363 5.7375 5.8942 6.0183 6.1200 1.9650 4.3574

at 60 "F, 14.696 psia Relative density, air = 1.0 Density lbm/(1000 fi')

Summation Factor

2.97551 3.45981 3.9441 I 4.42841 4.9 127 I 0.96861 1.4529 227.091 264.051 301.021 337.981 374.941 73.931 110.89

at 60 OF, ideal reaction Btdft', fuel as ideal gas

Volume of Air to Burn One Volume of Ideal Gas Heat of Vaporization

4404 I 51001 57961 6493 I 71901 14991 2182

45.3551 52.5161 59.6771 66.8391 74.0001 14.323 I 21.484

Refer to the notes on pages 5 and 6 as well as the references on page 1 I . All values in this table have been adjusted to the International Temperature Scale 1990 (ITS-90). Values in boldface type have changed since the last version of GPA 2145.

GPA 2145

Flammability Limits at 100 OF, 14.696 psia

Lower. volume % In air Upper, volume in air

Motor clear Octane Number

1.11 1 .o] 0.81 0.71 0.71 2.9 I 2.1 7.71 7.01 6.51 5.61 5.41 32.01 11.1

26.01 I I I I I


STD-GPA 2145-ENGL 2000 Ip 3824b77 0020b27 073

Volume of Air to Burn One Volume of Ideal Gas Heat of Vaporization

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED NON-HYDROCARBONS GPA STANDARD 2145-00 (FPS) becomes effective January 1,2000

I 7.16131 I I I I at 14.696 psia, O F

Specific Heat BMbm at the boiling point 246.471 235.62 I 85.5891 91.5861 8.7651 88.2041 970.18

at 60 O F , 14.696 psia C , Btu/(lbm OF), ideal gas C y , Btu/(lbm OF), ideal gas k = C /C ideal gas

Flammability Limits I at 100 "F. 14.696 mia

0.19875 0.23812 0.24814 0.21895 1.24037 0.24142 0.44370 0.15350 0.17981 0.17724 0.15686 0.74422 0.17285 0.33343

1.2948 1.3243 1.4000 13958 1.6667 1.3967 1.3307 o-snsiti 1-00071

Lower, volume %In air I I 4.30) I I I I Upper, volume % in au 45.501 I

Octane Number Motor clear Research clear

i I I I I I


STDOGPA 2L45-ENGL 2001 B 382Lib77 U020b28 7UT D

Molar Mass Boiling Point at 14.696 usia "F

TABLE FOR NOTES

a I I I I I I

I b I b I b I b I b I b I b I b I b

GPA STANDARD

~ ~~

Freezing Point at 14.696 psia, "F Vanor Pressure

1 d,23 I d,23 I d,23 I 23 I 23 1 23 I 23 I 23 I 23

Density of Liquid at 60 O F , 14.696 psia

Relative density at 60 "F/60 "F API Gravitv

lat i00 "F. osia I I f I f 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1

I f I I I 1 I I f I I

Absolute density, Ibdgal I f I 18 I 18 I 18 I 18 I 18 I 18 I 18 I 18

Relative densihi, air = 1 .O

Density lbm/(1000 ft') j , k I I Summation Factor at 60 O F , p i a - ' 23 I I I I I Volume

I

at 60 O F , ideal reaction

Volume to Burn One Volume of Ideal Gas Heat of Vaporization

Btu/ft3, fuel as ideal gas I 23 I 23 1 23 I 23 I 23 I 23 I 23 I 23 I 23

k I 1 I I

Btu/lbm at the boiling point Specific Heat at 60 O F , 14.696 psia

C ,, , Btu/(lbm O F ) , ideal gas C y , Btu/(lbm OF), ideal gas k = C /C y , ideai gas

GPA 2145

b I I I I I

m, 7 m, 7

Flammability Limits at 100 O F , 14.696 psia

Lower, volume YO In air Upper, volume % in air

6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 I 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6


STD-GPA I I L 4 5 - E N G L 2000 I 3 f l Z 4 b 7 7 0020b29 b4b II

I I I

AND REFERENCES

I I I I

2145-00 (FPS)

23 I 23 I 23 1 23 I 23 I I 5 1 1 I


a

b

I

m

n

O

P

~ ~

STD-GPA 2145-ENGL 2000 3824699 0020b30 3bB W

NOTES FOR GPA STANDARD 2145-00 (FPS)

These are rounded values calculated from those reported by the IUPAC Commission on Atomic Weights in Reference 26

Calculated from the vapor pressure equation in Reference 23

Subiimination point

At saturation pressure (triple point)

Fixed point on the 1990 International Temperature Scale (ITS-90)

Shaded values are estimated

The temperature is above the critical temperature

Saturation pressure

Densities of liquid at the normal boiling point

The value used for the gas constant is 8.3 145 1 J mol-' K ' [ 10.73 16 psia ft3/(lbmol OR)]

Calculated values

Gas at 60 O F and liquid at the normal boiling point

1 Btu = 1055.056 J

The basis for gross heating value is dry gas at 60 OF and 14.696 psia based upon ideal reaction, see GPA 2172 for conversion to other bases

Gross heating values per volume are not direct conversions using gas to liquid volumes; the values differ by the ideal enthalpy of vaporization at 60 O F

This value when multiplied by gallons of pure liquid is consistent with values for Btuílbm (ideal gas) and Btu/ft3 (ideal gas)

Ideal enthalpy of vaporization

The + sign and number speci@ the number of cm3 of TEL added per gallon to achieve the ASTM octane number of 100, corresponding to that of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane

S Average value from octane numbers using more than one sample

GPA2145 8 COPYRIGHT Gas Processors Association (GPA)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT Gas Processors Association (GPA)Licensed by Information Handling Services

STD-GPA 2195-ENGL 2000 II 3824b99 0020b3L 2T9 W

Component Methane

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS

Ethane Propane ¡-Butane n-Butane ¡-Pentane n-Pentane

Molar Mass Boiling Point

I I I I I I

16.0431 30.0701 44.0971 58.1231 58.1231 72.1501 72.150

Temperature, K 190.561 305.331 369.771 407.821 425.121 460.361 469.68 Pressure, kPa(abs) 45991 4872 1 4244 I 36401 3798 I 3381 I 3370

Gross Heating Value at 288.15 K. ideal reaction

Octane Number Motor clear I 0.051 97.1 I 97.61 89.61 90.31 62.6 Research clear 1.61 1.8) 0.101 93.81 92.31 61.7

Numbers in fhis fable do not have accuracies greater than I part in 1000. In some cases, extra digits have been added to calculated values to achieve internai consistency or to permit recalculation of experimenta¡ values.


STDOGPA ZLLIS-ENGL 2000 e 3824b99 0020632 130 9

Mofar Mass Boiling Point at 101.325 kPa(abs), K

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS GPA STANDARD 2145-00 (SI) becomes effective January 1,2000

I I I I I I

86.1771 100.204 I 1 14.23 1 I 128.258 I 142.285) 28.0541 42.081

341.88) 371.561 398.821 423.93 I 447.261 169.421 225.46

(Component I n-Hexane I n-Heptane I n-Octane I n-Nonane I n-Decane I Ethylene I Propylene I

Motor clear I 26.01 I I I

Freezing Point at 101.325 kPa(abs), K I 177.841 182.59 I 216.391 219.661 243.51 I 104.01 I 87.89

¡at 288.15 K. 101.325 kPaíabsì I I

at 288 15 K 101 325 kPa

at 288 15 K. 101 325 kPaíabs)

Refer to the notes on pages 9 and 10 as well as the references on page 11. All values in this table have been adjusted to the International Temperature Scale 1990 (ITS-90). Values in boldface type have changed since the last version of GPA 2145.


~ ~

~~

STD*GPA 2145-ENGL 2000 H 3824b99 O020633 O77 W

Volume at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)

Liquid, cm3 mol-' Ratio, ideal gadliquid

Critical Conditions

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED NON-HYDROCARBONS GPA STANDARD 2145-00 (SI) becomes effective January 1,2000

53.5431 42.4991 34.6441 28.0451 I 33.1421 18.031 441.611 556.361 682.51 I 843.121 713.451 1311.4

at 288.15 K, kPa-' 0.00741 0.009341 0.001711 0 . 0 0 5 6 2 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0.002591 0.0230

Temperature, K Pressure, kPa(abc)

Gross Heating Value

304.121 373.371 126.21 I 154.591 5.19821 132.43 I 647.14 73741 8963 I 33981 5043 I 2271 37711 22064

MJ kg-', fuel as liquid MJ m.', fuel as liquid MJ kg-', fuel as ideal gas MJ m-J, fuel as ideal gas

Net Heating Value

lat 288.15 K, ideal reaction I I 15.887 12739 16.502 2.4659 23.785 1.8788

GPA 2145 11 COPYRIGHT Gas Processors Association (GPA)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT Gas Processors Association (GPA)Licensed by Information Handling Services

~

STD-GPA ZLqS-ENGL ZOOU B 382Llb99 0020b3L1 TO3 II

Component

Molar Mass Boiling Point at 101.325 kPa(abc), K

TABLE FOR NOTES GPA STANDARD

Notes c1 CZ c3 ¡-CI u-C, i-c5 U-Cs u-C, u-C,

a

I b l b I b I b I b l b l b l b I b

Net Heating Value at 288.15 K, ideal reaction

MJ m.’, fuel as ideal gas Volume of Air to Burn One

Freezing Point I at 101.325 kPa(abs), K I d,23 1 d,23 I d,23 I 23 I 23 I 23 I 23 I 23 I 23

I 23 I 23 I 23 I 23 I 23 I 23 I 23 I 23 I 23

Density kg m” I I I I I I I l Summation Factor 1 Volume at 2SS.l5K, 101.325 kPa(abs)

Liquid, cm3 mol-’ I f I h I h I h I h l

Heat of Vaporization at 101.325 kPa(abs) I I

Upper, volume % in air

Motor clear I S I I r r I Research clear I q , r I r I 4. I r r

6 Octane Number


~ -

STD=GPA 2145-ENGL 2000 PI 3824b77 002Cih35 74T 111

AND REFERENCES 2145-00 (SI)

I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I f I I

I I I I I h l h l i I i I I I l h l h l 1 1

1 I I I I I I I I I I

GPA2145 13


a

b

C

d

e

f

g

h

1

j

k

1

m

n

O

P

9

STD-GPA 21Y5-ENGL 2000 S 382i1b99 0020b3b BBb

NOTES FOR GPA STANDARD 2145-00 (SI)

These are rounded values calculated from those reported by the IUPAC Commission on Atomic Weights in Reference 26

Calculated from the vapor pressure equation in Reference 23

Sublimination point

At saturation pressure (triple point)

Fixed point on the 1990 International Temperature Scale (ITS-90)

Shaded values are estimated

The temperature is above the critical temperature

Saturation pressure

Densities of liquid at the normal boiling point

The value used for the gas constant is 8.3 145 1 J mol-' K-' -

Calculated values

Gas at 15 "C and liquid at the normal boiling point

The basis for gross heating value is dry gas at 15 O C and 101.325 kPa based upon ideal reaction, see GPA 2172 for conversion to other bases

Gross heating values per volume are not direct conversions using gas to liquid volumes; the values differ by the ideal enthalpy of vaporization at 15 "C

This value when multiplied by gallons of pure liquid is consistent with values for Btu/lbm (ideal gas) and Btu/ft3 (ideal gas)

Ideal enthalpy of vaporization

The + sign and number speciS, the number of cm3 of TEL added per gallon to achieve the ASTM octane number of 100, corresponding to that of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane

r Average value from octane numbers using more than one sample

GPA2145 14


~ - ~

STD-GPA 2145-ENGL 2000 3824b57 UUZUb37 712 E

Literature Cited

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5

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7

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10

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14

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19

20

21

22

23

24

Angus, S.; Armstrong, B.; deReuck, K. M.; Eds. "Carbon Dioxide. International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State-3"; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1976.

Angus, S.; deReuck, K. M.; Eds. "Helium-4. International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State-4"; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1977.

Angus, S.; Armstrong, B.; deReuck, K. M.; Eds. "Nitrogen. International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State-6"; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1979.

Angus, S.; Armstrong, B.; deReuck, K. M.; Eds. "Propylene (Propene). International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State-7"; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1980.

CODATA Task Group on Key Values for Thermodynamics, CODATA Bulletin No. 7, 1978

Engineering Sciences Data Unit, "Fire Hazrd Properties: Flash Points, Flammability Limits and Autoignition Temperatures," ESDU 82030, September 1983

Frenkel, M.; Kabo, G. J.; Marsh, K. N.; Roganov, G. N.; Wilhoit, R. C.; "Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds in the Gas State, Vol. II, TRC Data Series, 1994.

Goodwin, R. D.; "Hydrogen Sulfide: Provisional Thermochemical Propeties from 188 to 700 K at Pressures to 75 MPa," NBSIR 83-1694, October 1983.

Goodwin, R. D.; Haynes, W. M.; "Thermophysical Propeties of Isobutane from 114 to 700 K at Pressures to 70 MPa," NBS Tech. Note 1051, January 1982.

Goodwin, R. D.; Haynes, W. M.; "Thermophysical Propeties ofNormal Butane from 135 to 700 K at Pressures to 70 MPa," NBS Monograph 169, April 1982.

Goodwin, R. D.; Haynes, W. M.; "Thermophysical Propeties of Propane from 85 to 700 K at Pressures to 70 MPa," NBS Monograph 170, April 1982.

Guthrie, G. B.; Hufhan, H. M.; J. Am, Chem. Soc., 65, 1 139 (1 943)

Haar, L.; Gallagher, J.S.; Kell, G. S.; "NBS/NRC Steam Tables," Hemisphere Pub. Corp., Washington, 1984

IUPAC Commission on Atomic Weights, Pure Appl. Sci., 56, 695 (1984)

deReuck, K. M.; Angus, S.; Cole, W.A.; Craven, R. J. B.; Wakeham, W. A.; Eds. "Ethylene (Ethene). Intemational Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State- 1 O"; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1988.

Jones, F. E.; J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), 83,419 (1978)

Jones, G. W.; Chem. Rev., 22,l (1938)

Wilhoit, R. C.; Marsh, K. N.; Hong, X.; Gadalla, N.; Frenkel, M.; "Thermodynamic Properties of Organic Compounds and their Mixtures," IV8/B Landolt-Börnstein, 1996.

Wilhoit, R. C.; Marsh, K. N.; Hong, X.; Gadalla, N.; Frenkel, M.; "Thermodynamic Properties of Organic Compounds and their Mixtures," IV8/C Landolt-Bömstein, 1997.

McCarty, R. D.; Weber, L. A.; "Thermophysical Properties of Oxygen from the Freezing Liquid Line to 600 OR for Pressures to 5000 psia," NBS Tech. Note 384, July 1971

Messerly, J. F.; Guthrie, G. B.; Todd, S. S.; Finke, H. L.; J. Chem. Engr. Data, 12,338 (1967)

Roder, H. M.; "Measurements of the Specific Heats, C and C,, of Dense Gaseous and Liquid Ethane," J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (US.), 80A. 739 (19761

"TRC Thermodynamic Tables - Hydrocarbons," Thermodynamics Research Center, The Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, January 1999

Zabransky, M.; Ruzicka, V.; Majer, V.; Domalski, E. S.; "Heat Capacity of Liquids," J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 6, ACS/AIP, 1996


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