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Leveraging Student Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault

and Dating Violence

Brian O’Connor, Futures Without ViolenceRebecca Milliman, Harborview Center for

Sexual Assault & Traumatic Stress

Game Plan for Today

⦿Background Information ⦿Coaching Boys into Men⦿Athletes As Leaders⦿Case Example (Garfield High School)

9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture

Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence

Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman

September 7 & 8, 2017 of 23

Rooted in Theory

• Primary Prevention• Social Ecological

Model• Social Norms

Theory• Sports in Society

GHS Project

• Sexual Health Education in Health Classes using Family Life & Sexual Health curriculum

• Student Campaigns and Outreach• Staff Training• Parent Training • Athletes As Leaders Program with Girls’ Sports (AKA

Student Leaders & Athletic Youth)• Coaching Boys Into Men Program with Boys’ Sports





5

“I have always believed that a role model can be anyone. It’s important for people to realize that young people are always looking at them for guidance, whether that grown person is aware of it or not.”

- Dean Smith, Hall of Fame Coach, UNC

Engaging Men & Coaching Boys Into Men

Introduction





7

Engaging Men

In 2000, we asked men what they were willing (and not willing) to do about domestic violence:

• More than half of men (56%) believed that domestic or sexual violence would directly affect someone they know.

• But, many said they didn’t know how to help AND others said simply that no one had ever asked them to get involved.

• National poll showed a willingness to do something: Talk to children about healthy relationships (#1) Contribute money Call your legislator

Resulted in a public awareness campaign that set out to:

• Appeal to the “role model” in men and encourage action to prevent violence.

8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMrkmoGVqbY





9

Invite not indict – 2007 update

After seven years, a 2007 poll* found:

• A significant increase in the number of men who reported talking to youth about healthy relationships• 2001: 29%

• 2007: 56%

• Specifically, even more fathers (68%) reported talking to their sons and 63% to their daughters.

• More than half of men (56%) believe that domestic or sexual violence will directly affect someone they know.

*Fathers’ Day Poll 2007, Conducted by Peter D. Hart Research Associates on behalf of Futures Without Violence & Verizon Wireless, June 4, 2007.

http://www.preventconnect.org/2007/10/what-new-public-opinion-research-tells-us-about-men%E2%80%99s-willingness-to-support-efforts-to-prevent-domestic-violence-and-sexual-assault/

10

Invite not indict – Key Insights

• Appeal to the role model in men

• Meet men where they are

• Invite men to take specific actions to stand up against violence in their communities

• Empower men with the tools necessary to take a stand

• Use sports as a platform that enables conversations with men and youth around violence prevention





11

Teach Early

What is Coaching Boys Into Men?





Leveraging the Power of Sports:CBIM Guiding Principles

GARFIELD VIDEO





15

Key Players

AdvocateCommunity

leaders working to bring CBIM to

local athletic programs across

the nation.

CoachAdult or ‘near-peer’ that plays

the role of a mentor with

young people in an athletic

context.

Advocate -Coach

Partnership

16

Trainings

Train the Trainer: Advocate Training• Training for advocates looking to bring CBIM to

their community (usually provided by FUTURES or other trained advocates).

Coaches’ Clinic – Coach Training• Training for coaches looking to deliver

CBIM with their athletes (usually provided by a trained local advocate).





17

Comprehensive Approach

2. Delivery• Coach use of the

Card Series with Athletes

1. Implementation• Advocate-Coach-School

& Community Partnership

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CBIM: Coaches Kit

The CBIM Playbook • Developed to take advantage of

“Teachable Moments” • Designed as an introduction to the issue

with tips for addressing it.

The CBIM CARD SERIES • Messages delivered in 15 minute

discussions once a week

References & Resources • Coaches Kits available at

www.coachescorner.org• Includes CBIM Overview & professional

referral information





19

Coaches Kit

Card Series:

Prep Cards (3): Help you prepare for CBIM during the season.

Training Cards (12): Outline for weekly discussions.

Timeout Cards (2): Enhance coach delivery strategy

Halftime & Overtime Cards (2): Strategies to engage your school and community in CBIM.

Teachable Moments (5)

Additional Material:

CBIM Playbook

Resources:

Overview

Getting Started

Need Help

Sample Sports Reporter Letter

Host a Fan Pledge Day

Sample School Radio Script

Take a Stand Against Bullying

CBIM Works!

Are you a CBIM Coach?

Fair or Foul Play – adaptation guidance

20

Card Series Topics

1.Pre-Season Speech

2.Personal Responsibility

3.Insulting Language

4.Disrespectful Behavior Toward Women & Girls

5.Digital Disrespect

6.Understanding Consent

7. Bragging About Sexual Reputation

8. When Aggression Crosses the Line

9. There’s No Excuse for Relationship

Abuse

10. Communicating Boundaries

11. Modeling Respect and Promoting

Equality

12. Signing the CBIM Pledge





WOODLAND HILLS

22

Card Series Example





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Card Series Example

24

CBIM Works!

Evidence-based CDC evaluation over 3 years (2012) with over 2,000 athletes based in the Sacramento, California

• Increased intention to intervene

• Increased knowledge of abusive behaviors

• Decrease in abuse perpetration





Thank you!

Brian O’[email protected]

AthletesAsLeaders.org





What is “Athletes As Leaders?”

› A program for high school athletes on girls’ sports teams

› Designed to be a complement to prevention programs that intentionally engage men & boys





A Unique Approach ⦿Avoids traditional sexual assault messages

aimed toward girls and women⦿Strives to not be victim-blaming, and instead

to increase empathy for survivors⦿Encourages youth to be leaders and set

their own group norms





Program Goals

⦿ Builds strong teams and fosters healthy relationships among athletes and their peers

⦿ Builds trust, positive girl culture, sets normsfor behavior within the team, school, and community

⦿ Helps define healthy and unhealthy behaviors in relationships

⦿ Challenges harmful gender stereotypes & media messages

Program Structure

⦿ Fits into a typical high school sports season (10 sessions total)

⦿Once a week, 20 minutes long

⦿Meant to be done during team’s practice time ⦿ Facilitators are female-identified mentors in the

community





The Program

Program Sessions1. Introductory Session

2. Challenging Gender Stereotypes

3. Privilege and Oppression

4. Self Image and Standards of Beauty

5. Rumor Spreading

6. Relationships

7. Consent

8. Messages About Manhood

9. Girl Positivity

10. Celebrating our Successes





Session Structure

1. Warm Up: Video and Introduction

2. Work Out: Facilitated Discussion

3. Cool Down: Setting New Team Norms

YouTube: “Always #LikeAGirl”





Team Talk Examples

Girls are: TOUGH

POWERFULAMAZING

“Tell younger girls they can be whatever & who ever they

want”

“Don’t use language that

puts girls down”“BE

YOURSELF”

Coaches’ Training

Reinforce the messages:› There are lots of ways to “be a girl”› Focus on accomplishments› Girls supporting other girls› Consent & boundaries› Supporting survivors





Evaluation

Evaluation: » Garfield High School, Seattle

WA» Worland High School,

Worland, WY » Lovell High School, Lovell, WY» Charles City High School,

Charles City, IA» Red River High School, Grand

Forks, ND





Survey Item # of athletes who strongly agreedbefore program

# of athletes who strongly agreedafter program

% improvement

I can recognize the signs of an unhealthy relationship.

35 96 174%

I feel confident that I can challenge the stereotype that girls are weak and inferior.

63 116 84%

I believe that I have the ability to influence my peers positively as a student athlete and a leader.

35 71 103%

# of athletes who strongly disagreedbefore program

# of athletes who strongly disagreedafter program

% improvement

My judgement of a girl is usually based on her physical appearance

27 70 159%I think that boys should always act tough in order to be seen as real men.

71 107 51%The program has helped to create a more positive girl culture among girls’ sports teams.

99% agreed

“It allowed a space for girls to talk about the issues and ways to positively change them.”

“I have become a more positive person on and off the court.”

“I think it is really important to talk about these topics as a group and it helps to understand others' perspectives.”

“I think we are all more conscientious about how we treat each other.”

“We really realize how much a difference we can make now.”“Girls know that they are just as important as men and they can

be and do whatever they want.”





Website and Toolkits

AthletesAsLeaders.org





Rebecca [email protected]

Brian O’[email protected]





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