After writing ‘Hereditary Genius’ - 1869 he began to encourage those who were intelligent and fit to reproduce so that effectively unintelligent people were wiped out. USA implemented his ideas and started handing out IQ tests at Ellis Island to immigrants.

Designed to identify mentally disabled children in the Paris school system,30 items presented in an

used principles of differentiation and general mental ability to develop the scale.

Introduced categorisation and mental age. Reading ability level was still ignored. He claimed that a single score was consistent with general mental ability and therefore he thought it appropriate to ignore reading.

1908 - Age scale intended items to be grouped according to age level rather than one set of items of increasing difficulty.

The tasks increased in difficulty as the age increased.Introduction of the concept of mental age.

Mental age based on their performance compared with the average performance of an individual’s physical age group.

1911 - Binet-Simon becomes Stanford-Binet test after research in America. Each age level had 5 tasks. Binet

specified that a child’s mental age is only an indicator of mental age.

1937 Terman and Merrill Forms L & M of vocabulary testing added. Parallel age scales were introduced to continue measuring

1972 - Varied Tests Added. Better layout added scoring rules for each test. Better for the younger age group.All of the materials are put in a flip book. Study looked at 2,100 examinees. Test still verbally loaded

1905 – Created the Binet-Simon Scale of Intelligence. Theodore Simon and Alfred Binet

increasing order of difficulty.

Easiest was a simple task to recognise food and the hardest consisted of the children having to define and distinguish between paired abstract terms such as sad and bored.

The test was based on only 50 school children considered average by their performance in school.However, the scale is very limited in understanding and interpreting intelligence.

intelligence. Allowed for better assessment at both ends of the scale. The sample used for this study was larger.

1986 – Ceiling on L & M forms increased. Test considered more of a psychometric perspective than developmentalGame aspect of the test was removed. Sampling criticised for being over represented by professional adults and their children

2003 –scale to be used as a general scale of intelligence for all ages Changes included:Higher end of the scale needed to be increased. Look further

into non-verbal intelligence. Game like aspects to be reintroduced.

1884 – Galton tested intelligence in his Anthropometic lab set up in London’s International Health exhibition Museum (South Kensington)9000 men and womenPaid 3 penceFirst and largest study of intelligence ever undertaken

Measured by sensory abilityMeasured physical measurements- head size is believed to be an indirect way of measuring brain size.

Reaction time some people have a faster reaction time to stimulus than others suggesting a more highly developed nervous system.

Used as a measure of neurological efficiencyUsed today- staple way of testing in modern psychology

Clark Wissler (1901) criticised Galton by saying the various sensory and motor tests did not correlate with one another when he tried them out on college students

1859Galton made major contributions to psychology and statistics. First person to use questionnaires in psychological research and also was a pioneer of testing reaction times.

First to apply statistics to the study of human differences and the inheritance of intelligence.

His experiments where designed to determine to what extent differences in intelligence were hereditary or environmental.Francis coined the phrase "Nature versus Nurture" in 1871 (Harris,1998).

1883After reading Charles Darwin’s book ‘On the Origin of Species’ Galton decided that intelligence was all due to Eugenics.