gade
DESCRIPTION
Emotioner og limbiske strukturer 2: Udvidede amygdala , insula , gyrus cingularis anterior (ACC), og ACC-amygdala forbindelser. Anders Gade. Gade. Limbiske områder. .. The limbic system is a concept in perpetual search for a definition Heimer et al., 2008, p.22. Gade. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Emotioner og limbiske strukturer 2:Emotioner og limbiske strukturer 2:Udvidede amygdala, insula, Udvidede amygdala, insula,
gyrus cingularis anterior (ACC), gyrus cingularis anterior (ACC), og ACC-amygdala forbindelserog ACC-amygdala forbindelser
Anders Gade
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Limbiske Limbiske områderområder
.. .. The limbic system is a The limbic system is a concept in perpetual searchconcept in perpetual searchfor a definitionfor a definition Heimer et al., 2008, p.22
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Udvidede amygdalaUdvidede amygdala
GyrusGyruscingulariscingularisanterioranterior
Orbital og ventromedialOrbital og ventromedialpræfrontal kortex - -præfrontal kortex - -mPFC-amygdala mPFC-amygdala konnektivitetkonnektivitet
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Den Den udvidede udvidede amygdalaamygdala
- en rolle i angst, - en rolle i angst, stofafhængighed, stofafhængighed,
og stress-og stress-forstyrrelser forstyrrelser
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Tværsnit af hjernen sv.t. commissura anteriorTværsnit af hjernen sv.t. commissura anterior
Substantia Substantia innominatainnominata
BBSSTTLL
amygamyg
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Gul: Gul: Den udvidede amygdalaDen udvidede amygdala
Tværsnit fra Tværsnit fra accumbens accumbens (A) til kaudal (A) til kaudal amygdala (D)amygdala (D)
Rød: Kolinerge cellegrupper
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Den basale forhjerne har en udvidelse af basalganglierne,Den basale forhjerne har en udvidelse af basalganglierne,som overlapper de kolinerge cellegrupper og den udvidede amygdalasom overlapper de kolinerge cellegrupper og den udvidede amygdala
Den udvidede amygdalaDen udvidede amygdala(Centrale kerne, stria terminalis,(Centrale kerne, stria terminalis,
bed nucleus, og andre cellegrupper)bed nucleus, og andre cellegrupper)
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Udvidede amygdalaUdvidede amygdala
Udvidede amygdala: Autoradiografi af aminsyre- Udvidede amygdala: Autoradiografi af aminsyre- transport efter injektion i den centrale kerne (Ce) i transport efter injektion i den centrale kerne (Ce) i amygdalaamygdala
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Gul: Gul: Den udvidede Den udvidede amygdalaamygdala
Tværsnit fra Tværsnit fra accumbens accumbens (A) til kaudal (A) til kaudal amygdala (D)amygdala (D)
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Gade, A. (2012)Gade, A. (2012)Angstens neuropsykologi,Angstens neuropsykologi,I Leth & Hoff Esbjørn I Leth & Hoff Esbjørn (red.), (red.), Angst hos børnAngst hos børn. . Dansk Psykologisk Dansk Psykologisk Forlag (pp.45-108)Forlag (pp.45-108)
Academic Press, 2008Academic Press, 2008
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Udvidede amygdala: rolle i angst - bedste referenceUdvidede amygdala: rolle i angst - bedste reference
Vist med fMRI ved forventningsangst i 3 studier:Vist med fMRI ved forventningsangst i 3 studier:Straube et al., (2007). Straube et al., (2007). NeuroImage, 37NeuroImage, 37, 1427-36, 1427-36Somerville et al. (2010). Somerville et al. (2010). Biol.Psychiatry, 68Biol.Psychiatry, 68, 416-424, 416-424Alvarez et al., (2011). Alvarez et al., (2011). NeuroImage, 55NeuroImage, 55, 389-400, 389-400#2625d,e,f#2625d,e,f
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Biol.Psychiatry, 68Biol.Psychiatry, 68, 416-424, 416-424
Biol.Psychiatry, 68Biol.Psychiatry, 68, 416-424, 416-424
low highanxiety ss.
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Biol.Psychiatry, 68Biol.Psychiatry, 68, 416-424, 416-424
Conjunction-analyse: respons stiger lineært vedConjunction-analyse: respons stiger lineært vedstørre trusler + mere i mere angste forsøgspersonerstørre trusler + mere i mere angste forsøgspersoner
insulainsula
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InsulaInsula
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Somatosensorisk Somatosensorisk repræsentationrepræsentation
Proprioceptiv,Proprioceptiv,taktil/haptisk,taktil/haptisk,& smerte & smerte (lokaliserbar) (lokaliserbar)
informationinformation
(i fire ’homuncu(i fire ’homunculi’)
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InsulaInsula
emotionelle aspekteremotionelle aspekteraf smerteaf smerte
… … inkl. perception af andres smerte inkl. perception af andres smerte (Singer et al., 2004)(Singer et al., 2004)
Conjunction-Conjunction-analyseanalyseselv / andreselv / andre
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Annu.Rev.Neurosci., 35, 1-23 (2012) #a413-
1e
Moduleret af både personligheds-karakteristikaModuleret af både personligheds-karakteristikaog situationenog situationen
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Annu.Rev.Neurosci., 35, 1-23 (2012) #a413-1e
Alexitymi –hosAlexitymi –hosnormale fpp. og normale fpp. og ved autismeved autisme
IngroupIngroupvs.vs.outgroupoutgroup
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Annu.Rev.Neurosci., 35, 1-23 (2012) #a413-1e
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Eisenberger (2012), Eisenberger (2012), Nat.Rev.Neurosci., 13Nat.Rev.Neurosci., 13, 421-434 , 421-434 #a413-4f#a413-4f
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Fælles repræsentationer: fysisk ogFælles repræsentationer: fysisk ogsocial smerte: social smerte: Eisenberger (2012), Eisenberger (2012), Nat.Rev.Neurosci., 13Nat.Rev.Neurosci., 13, 421-434 , 421-434 #a413-4f#a413-4f
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Insula - interoceptionCraig (2002). How do you feel?Interoception: the sense of thephysiological condition of the body. Nat.Rev.Neurosci., 3, 655-666
Craig (2009). How do you feel – now? The anterior insula and human awareness. Nat.Rev.Neurosci., 10, 59-70
# 2730a&b
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InsulaInsula
Critchley et al. (2004). Critchley et al. (2004). Nature Neuroscience, 7,Nature Neuroscience, 7, 189-195 189-195#2733a#2733a
RepræsentationRepræsentationaf autonome af autonome og andre krops-og andre krops-lige tilstande oglige tilstande ogfornemmelserfornemmelser(her puls;(her puls;normale fpp.)normale fpp.)
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Science, 315, 531-4 #7094a
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Gyrus cingularis anteriorGyrus cingularis anterior
dorsal
ventral /
rostral
kaudal
subgenual
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Gyrus cingularis anteriorGyrus cingularis anteriorNeurologi: apatiNeurologi: apati(kap. 14: Forstyrrelser i motivation og (kap. 14: Forstyrrelser i motivation og målrettet adfærd)målrettet adfærd)
Kognitiv neurovidenskab og Kognitiv neurovidenskab og billeddannelse: anstrengelse billeddannelse: anstrengelse & kontrol & kontrol (Raichle et al., 1994) (Raichle et al., 1994) #b125aa#b125aa
ACC/mPFC: Motivation & hierarki ACC/mPFC: Motivation & hierarki ((Koechlin … 2009) ((Koechlin … 2009) #a171b#a171b
Depression: subgenual/ventral ACCDepression: subgenual/ventral ACC - lille men hyperaktiv - lille men hyperaktiv (Drevets, 1998)(Drevets, 1998)
Bush, 2000Bush, 2000: en kognitiv og : en kognitiv og en emotionel divisionen emotionel division
Depression & angst: hypoaktiv dACCDepression & angst: hypoaktiv dACC
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dACC - en, to, eller mange funktioner ?dACC - en, to, eller mange funktioner ?
a)a)Detektion & signalering af behov for ændring Detektion & signalering af behov for ændring i kontroli kontrolb)b)Subjektiv oplevelse af negativ affekt (smerte, frygt)Subjektiv oplevelse af negativ affekt (smerte, frygt)c)c)Energisering af adfærdEnergisering af adfærd
””How does it feel when ACC is activated How does it feel when ACC is activated during a cognitive task”during a cognitive task”
Rainville, 2002Rainville, 2002
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Spunt et al., (2012). The phenomenology of errorSpunt et al., (2012). The phenomenology of errorprocessing: The dorsal ACC response to stop-signal processing: The dorsal ACC response to stop-signal errors tracks reports of negative affect. errors tracks reports of negative affect. J.Cogn.Neurosci., 24J.Cogn.Neurosci., 24, 1753-65 , 1753-65 #4685e#4685e
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VBM: hjernevolumen ved angst VBM: hjernevolumen ved angst og depressionog depression
Van Tol et al. (2010), Van Tol et al. (2010), Arch.Gen.Psychiatry, 67Arch.Gen.Psychiatry, 67, 1002-11, 1002-11#1032i#1032i
MDD (N:68)MDD (N:68)
MDD + angst MDD + angst (N:88)(N:88)
Angst uden Angst uden MDD (N:68)MDD (N:68)
NC (N:65)NC (N:65)
Reducedvolume in entirepatientgroup vs.normal Ss
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GadeVan Tol et al. (2010), Van Tol et al. (2010), Arch.Gen.Psychiatry, 67Arch.Gen.Psychiatry, 67, 1002-11, 1002-11#1032i#1032i
Depression Depression med debut med debut før 18-års alder før 18-års alder
VBM: hjernevolumen ved angst VBM: hjernevolumen ved angst og depressionog depression
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Gyrus cingularis kontrollen ….Gyrus cingularis kontrollen ….
Ridderinkhof et al. (2004). The role of the medialfrontal cortex in cognitive control. Science, 306, 443-447 #4680a
Carter, Cohen et al.: conflict-control modelfx Kerns et al., (2004) Science, 303, 1023-1026)
rødblå
grøn
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Carter, Cohen et al.: conflict-control modelfx Kerns et al., (2004) Science, 303, 1023-1026)
rødblå
grøn
CC: : KongruentKongruent
II: : InkongruentInkongruent
iIiI: : Inkongruent efter inkongruentInkongruent efter inkongruent
cIcI: : Inkongruent efter kongruentInkongruent efter kongruent
ACC konfliktACC konfliktaktiveringaktivering
dlPFC activation indlPFC activation inhigh adjustment trialshigh adjustment trials
Gyrus cingularis kontrollen Gyrus cingularis kontrollen ….….
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God diskussion:God diskussion:Mangun et al. (2009). Ch. 16Mangun et al. (2009). Ch. 16in Gazzaniga (Ed.) The in Gazzaniga (Ed.) The cognitive cognitive neurosciences,4th ed.neurosciences,4th ed.
Carter, Cohen et al.: conflict-control modelfx Kerns et al., (2004) Science, 303, 1023-1026) #4684c
CC: : KongruentKongruent
II: : InkongruentInkongruent
iIiI: : Inkongruent efter inkongruentInkongruent efter inkongruent
cIcI: : Inkongruent efter kongruentInkongruent efter kongruent
Gyrus cingularis kontrollen Gyrus cingularis kontrollen ….….
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Emotionel ansigts-ord StroopEmotionel ansigts-ord Stroop
Etkin et al., 2010Etkin et al., 2010
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Emotionel ansigts-ord StroopEmotionel ansigts-ord Stroop
Etkin et al., 2010Etkin et al., 2010
Rostral ACC:Rostral ACC:Også andre Også andre former for former for emotions- emotions- reguleringregulering
Am.J.Psychiatry, 167, Am.J.Psychiatry, 167, 545-554545-554
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Frygtbetingning og -udslukningFrygtbetingning og -udslukning
Milad, M. & Quirk, G. J. (2012). Fear extinction as a model for translational neuroscience: Ten yearsof progress. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 63, 129-151
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Tost & Meyer-Lindenberg, 2010 Tost & Meyer-Lindenberg, 2010 AG# T381aAG# T381a
Interaktion mellem amygdala ogInteraktion mellem amygdala ogACC /præfrontal kortexACC /præfrontal kortex
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Pezawas et al., 2005Pezawas et al., 2005
5HTTLPR5HTTLPR
Statistisk kort –Statistisk kort –mindre volumenmindre volumenaf grå substansaf grå substanshos bærere afhos bærere afS-allelS-allel
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NeuroImageNeuroImage2010201049: 963-97049: 963-970
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Cremers et al., (2010), Cremers et al., (2010), NeuroImage, 49NeuroImage, 49: 963-970: 963-970AG# T027aAG# T027a
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Eluvathingal et al. (2006). Eluvathingal et al. (2006). Pediatrics, 117Pediatrics, 117: 2093-2100: 2093-2100
Forbindelser mellem mediale temporallap og medialeForbindelser mellem mediale temporallap og mediale frontallap : Fasciculus uncinatusfrontallap : Fasciculus uncinatus
DTI:DTI:DiffusionstensorDiffusionstensorbilleddannelsebilleddannelse(traktografi)(traktografi)
Normalt barnNormalt barn
Adopteret fraAdopteret frarumænskrumænskbørnehjembørnehjem
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Phan et al. (2009) Phan et al. (2009) Biol.Psychiatry, Biol.Psychiatry, 6666, 691-694, 691-694
Fasciculus uncinatus ved angstFasciculus uncinatus ved angst
30 30 patienterpatientermed med social social angst angst + 30 + 30 NC:NC:
Nedsat ”fraktionel anisotropi” i f. Nedsat ”fraktionel anisotropi” i f. uncinatus nær orbitofrontal kortexuncinatus nær orbitofrontal kortex
Samme fund ved GADSamme fund ved GAD
Tromp et al. (2012)Tromp et al. (2012)Arch.Gen.Psychiatry,Arch.Gen.Psychiatry,6969, 925-934, 925-934# 1547e# 1547e
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Tromp et al. (2012) Tromp et al. (2012) Arch.Gen.Psychiatry,69Arch.Gen.Psychiatry,69, , 925-934925-934# 1547e# 1547e
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Korrelation med rACC-amygdala konnektivitet Korrelation med rACC-amygdala konnektivitet ved implicit emotions-regulering ved implicit emotions-regulering (aversiv forventning)(aversiv forventning)
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Van Tol, 2010 Drevets, 1997
DepressionDepression
Keedwell,2012 #1035g
UngeUngekvinderkvindermed risikomed risikoforfordepressiondepression
Cingulum,Cingulum,ikke uncinatus,ikke uncinatus,viste lav FAviste lav FA
- Relateret til- Relateret tilhedonisk tonushedonisk tonus
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Udvidede amygdalaUdvidede amygdala
GyrusGyruscingulariscingularisanterioranterior
Orbital og ventromedialOrbital og ventromedialpræfrontal kortex - -præfrontal kortex - -mPFC-amygdala mPFC-amygdala konnektivitetkonnektivitet
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