g7(.ø625816$/,1,1 $/7(5ø7( .$95$0, d(5d(9(6ø1'(

23
2, 2003, s. 255-277 g7(.ø625816$/,1,1$/7(5ø7(.$95$0, d(5d(9(6ø1'(<(1ø'(12.810$6,h=(5ø1( %ø5'(1(0( F. Hilâl ONUR (Dr., Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Kamu Yönetimi Bölümü, 06532, ANKARA) [email protected] Özet: Waldenfels- - Abstract: An Attempt for Rereading on the Problematic of the other in the Framework of the "Alterity" Concept This study aims at investigating “alterity,” which is one of the basic concepts of the theory of the “other” by focusing on the views of the mainstream theorists like Levinas, Kristeva and Waldenfels. As it is one of the determining features of the modern societies, the problematic nature of inclusion-exlusion should be reconsidered. In this juncture, it is argued that the relatively new phenomena of tolerance, multiculturalism and difference should be analyzed by transcending the classical assumptions of the other literature. Anahtar Sözcükler: modernite, tin. Keywords: Other, minority, majority, culture, difference, alterity, tolerance, modernity, spirit.

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+�h��øNWLVDGL�YH�øGDUL�%LOLPOHU�)DN�OWHVL�'HUJLVL��&LOW�����6D\Õ�2, 2003, s. 255-277

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F. Hilâl ONUR

(Dr., Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Kamu Yönetimi Bölümü, 06532, ANKARA) [email protected]

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V|]� NRQXVX� NXUDPÕQ� |QGH� JHOHQ� \RUXPFXODUÕ� /HYLQDV�� .ULVWHYD� YH�Waldenfels-QÕQ� J|U�úOHULQGHQ� KDUHNHWOH� LUGHOHQPLúWLU�� =LUD�� PRGHUQ�WRSOXPODUÕQ� EHOLUOH\LFL� QLWHOLNOHUL� DUDVÕQGD� \HU� DODQ� LoOHPH-GÕúODPD�SUREOHPDWL÷LQLQ��\HQL�ELU�RNXPD\OD�WHNUDU�HOH�DOÕQPDVÕQÕQ�]RUXQOX�ROGX÷X�G�ú�Q�OPHNWHGLU��%X�DQODPGD��|WHNL�NXUDPÕQÕQ�KRúJ|U���oRN�N�OW�UO�O�N��IDUNOÕOÕN JLEL� J|UHFH� \HQL� ROJXODUÕQÕQ�� OLWHUDW�U�Q� NODVLN� YDUVD\ÕPODUÕQÕ�DúDQ�ELU�SHUVSHNWLIWH�LQFHOHQPHVLQLQ�\HULQGH�RODFD÷Õ�VDYXQXOPDNWDGÕU�

Abstract:

An Attempt for Rereading on the Problematic of the other in the Framework of the " Alterity" Concept

This study aims at investigating “alterity,” which is one of the basic

concepts of the theory of the “other” by focusing on the views of the mainstream theorists like Levinas, Kristeva and Waldenfels. As it is one of the determining features of the modern societies, the problematic nature of inclusion-exlusion should be reconsidered. In this juncture, it is argued that the relatively new phenomena of tolerance, multiculturalism and difference should be analyzed by transcending the classical assumptions of the other literature.

Anahtar Sözcükler: gWHNL��NHQGL��D]ÕQOÕN��oR÷XQOXN��N�OW�U��IDUNOÕOÕN��DOWHULWH��KRúJ|U���modernite, tin. Keywords: Other, minority, majority, culture, difference, alterity, tolerance, modernity, spirit.

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2.��.(1'ø��9(��Ö7(.ø��2/$1,1�625816$/, +HJHO¶LQ� WDULKLQ� VRQX� YH� VDQDWÕQ� VRQXQD� �Danto, 1996: 20) dair

V|\OHPLQLQ� \DQÕ� VÕUD�� IHOVHIL� oaOÕúPDVÕQÕQ� GRUu÷X� RODUDN� NDEXO� HGLOHQ�"Phänomenologie des Geistes" (Tin’ in fenomonolojisi) (Hegel, 1970: 145-155) DGOÕ� HVHULQLQ�� J�Q�P�]GH� �SRVWPRGHUQL]P�� RODUDN� WDQÕPODQDQ� DQOD\ÕúODUD� YH�IHOVHIL� GXUXúODUD� ELU� UHIHUDQV� WHúNLO� HWWL÷L� yönünde hakim bir kanaatin var ROGX÷XQX� V|\OHPHN� P�PN�QG�U�3 Zira "Tin’ in fenomonolojisi"nde Hegel, G�Q\DGD� ROPDQÕQ� LON� EDúODQJÕFÕQGDNL� GX\JXVDO� VDIOÕ÷ÕQGDQ� WLQLQ� PXWODNOÕ÷ÕQD�YDUDQ�\ROX�J|VWHUPH\H�oDOÕúPDNWDGÕU��+HJHO¶LQ�söz konusu eserinin, efendi ile ve köle araVÕQGD� DVLPHWULN� ELU� LOLúNLQLQ� N|NHQL� YH� \|QHOLPLQH� GDLU� oÕNDUÕPODU�itibariyle, øNLQFL� '�Q\D� 6DYDúÕ� VRQUDVÕ� )UDQVÕ]� IHOVHIHVL� LoLQGH� \DSÕVal bir söylem olarak gündeme gelen alterite4 YH� IDUNOÕOÕN� �]HULQH� \DSÕODQ� NXUDPVDO�oDOÕúPDODUD�ÕúÕN�WXWPD\D�oDOÕúDQ�LNL�PHUNH]L�VoUX\D�\DQÕW�DUDPDGD��WHPHO�RODUDN�kabul edilmesi mümkündür (Descombes, 1981: 17-24).

Tin, P�NHPPHOOHúPH� \ROXQGD� WDUWÕúPDVÕ]� RODQGD� JHOLúVH� GH�� D\QÕ�

zaPDQGD� EXQX� RODQDNOÕ� NÕODQ� NRúXOODUGDQ� GD� NRSPD\D� EDúODPDNWDGÕU�� o�QN��ELOLQFLQL� DOGÕ÷Õ� YH� JeOLúWLUGL÷L� NHQGL� LoLQGHNL� |WHNL�� WDUWÕúPDVÕ]OÕN� \ROXQGD�Y�FXGXQGD� NDOPDNWD� YH� WLQ� LOH� EHGHQ� NRSXNOX÷XQD� \RO� DçPDNWDGÕU�� 7LQ¶LQ� EX�NRSXNOX÷XQGD��SUDWLNWH�YH�DNWLI�\DúDPGD�VRPXWXQ�\LWLULOLúL�VDkODQPDNWDGÕU��%X�kopukluk, yüceltilen bilinç, HVDUHW� DOWÕQD� DOÕFÕ� HPHNWHQ� ED÷ÕPVÕ]� KDOH�JHOGL÷LQGHQ�� �|WHNLQLQ�� P�FDGelede yenilgisini diyalektik bir zafere G|Q�úW�UPHVLQH�\RO�DoPDNWDGÕU��+HJHO¶LQ�PDQWÕ÷ÕQGDQ�\ROD�oÕNÕOÕUVD��J|U�Q�UGH�\HQLOJL\H�X÷UD\DQ��|WHNL���WDUWÕúPDVÕ]�WLQLQ�YLFGDQÕ�KDOLQH�JHOPHNWHGLU��%|\OHFH�+HJHO�� PDQWÕ÷ÕQ� |WHNLVLQL� YH� EX� GL\DOHNWL÷LQ� J|UHFHOL� G�ú�QFH� VLVWHPLQL�ROXúWXUDFD÷ÕQÕ�RUWD\D�NRyPDNWDGÕU��%X�GL\DOHNWLN�oÕNÕú�QRNWDVÕ�YH�NHQGL�içindeki |WHNL�LOH�P�FDGHOH��+HJHO�G�ú�QFHVLQGH��G�Q\DGD�ROPDQÕQ��PDQWÕ÷Õ�LoLQ�|QHP�WDúÕPDNWDGÕU� 0�FDGHOH� ROPDNVÕ]ÕQ� |]J�YHQLQ� RODPD\DFa÷ÕQÕ� VDYXQDQ� +HJHO��|]J�YHQLQ� |Oo�� RODUDN� NHQGLQL� GH÷LO�� |WHNiQL� DOGÕ÷ÕQÕ� V�UHNOL� YXUJXODPDNWDGÕU�(Hegel, 1970: 148). BXQD�ED÷OÕ�RODUDN��+HJHO¶LQ� LON�oDOÕúPDODUÕQGD��|]J�YHQLQ�P�FDGHOH�LOH�ED÷ODQWÕVÕ�\|Q�QGHNL�Güú�QFHVL�ELU�WHPHO�ROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU�YH�+HJHO�P�FDGHOH� NDYUDPÕQÕ� ELOLQoOL� ELU� |O�P� NDOÕP� VDYDúÕ� LoHUiVLQGH� RODQ� LNL� NLúLQLQ�NDUúÕODúPDVÕ� RODUDN� WDQÕPODPDNWDGÕU�� Hegel’ in, ötekine yönelik felsefi oDOÕúPDODUÕ�� ELU� \DQGDQ� \DEDQFÕODúPD� NXUDPÕQÕQ� WHPHOOHULQGHQ� ELUL� RODQ�0DUNVLVW� GL\DOHNWL÷L�� GL÷HU� \Dndan ise alterite söylemini belirlemesi itibariyle E�\�N�|QHP�WDúÕPDNWDGÕU��

Öteki felsefesinin en önemli temsilcilerinden Emmanuel Levinas

(Levinas, 1995: 167-193), Hegel felsefesinin önemini vurgularken, efendiyi, N|OHQLQ� N|OHVL� YH� N|OH\L�� HIHQGLQLQ� HIHQGLVL� \DSDQ� GL\DOHNWL÷L� ELU� NH]� GDKD�incelemektedir. Bu anlamda,� �ODQHWOHQHQ� |WHNL� RODQD� VÕQÕU� NR\PD�� ROarak da ifade edilen aOWHULWH�IHOVHIHVL��GL\DORJ�KDOLQGHNL�|]QHOHULQ�NDUúÕODúPDODUÕQÕ�GH÷LO��

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kendi ve ötekinin bir iç diyalogunu temel alarak, ancak bu diyalog sonucunda �|]QH�� NDYUDPÕQGDQ� V|]� HGLOHELOHFe÷LQGHQ� \ROD� oÕNPDNWDGÕU�� /HYLQDV¶ÕQ��0D[�Weber ve Hannah Arendt’ i (Arendt, 1970: 36; Brunkhorst, 1999) bir tarafa EÕUDNÕS +HJHO¶L� |QH� oÕNDUWPDVÕ�� HJHPHQOLN� DQDOL]L� DoÕVÕQGDQ� GD� |QHP�WDúÕPDkWDGÕU��.HQGL�YH�|WHNL�RODQ��QH�VRV\DO��QH�N�OW�UHO��QH�GH�FLQVL\HWoL�|Oo�OHU�WHPHO� DOÕQDUDN� ROXúWXUXlPDNWDGÕU�� Bu nedenle Anglosakson kültür oDOÕúPDODUÕ�WHUPLQRORMLVLQGH� NXOODQÕODQ� class, sex ve gender gibi kavramlar; soyutlama G�]H\LQGH�� EX� |O�P� NDOÕP� VDYDúÕQÕQ� �DJRQDOLW\�� VHPEolik biçimlerini DOJÕODPDGD� \DUGÕPFÕ� ROVDODU� GD�� NHQGL� YH� |WHNL� DUDVÕQGD� V�UHJHOHQ� oDWÕúPD\Õ�DoÕNODPDGD�\HWHUVL]�NDOPDNWDGÕrlar.

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