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TRANSCRIPT
FY 2018 Industrial Technology Survey
Report (Summarized version)
March, 2019
Recruit Co., Ltd. (R&D)
(Research for the Applicability of Blockchain Technologies to Universities and Research Institutes to Promote Mobility of Domestic and Overseas Human Resources and Secure Reliability of Research Results as well as
Research for Creating Standards Therefor)
Commissioned Survey of Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)
Agenda
2
1. Purpose and Background of the Survey
2. Application Proposal for Blockchain Technology
3. Standardization
4. International Trends Survey
5. Background of Holding a Hackathon and its Outcomes
6. General
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1-1 Social Background in Subject of “Academic degrees, courses and career certifications”To the age requiring to ensure authenticity of course records and academic degrees in light of mobilization of human resources in the context of rapid technology innovation
• Along with the technology innovation including AI, the industrial structure has changed rapidly and dramatically and various work styles, such as job transfer, second job and side job, have been appreciated.
• With a background of declining birthrate and an aging population, it is expected that degree granting institutions would accelerate collaboration and integration among schools in the future. Increase in the mobility of human resources and various work styles necessitated a new system to
ensure reliability of academic degrees and personal backgrounds, including those once provided by or developed in universities or companies that ceased to exist after that, and to utilize them actively.
(i) Work styles become increasingly diverse
2015 2018
(Reference) The 100-Year-Life Design Council "Basic Design of Human Resources Development Revolution(Reference)"
The original data: Individual data of "Japanese Panel Study of Employment Dynamics" (Recruit Works Institute)
(ii) Progress of collaboration and integration among degree granting institutions
Proportion of people interested in second job by age groups (2017)
Men with occupation(s) Women with occupation(s)
Increasing Freelance Population
Proportion of career changes by age group (2017)2004 was the peak of population
(Source)Lancers, Inc. "Freelance Status Survey 2018"
(Note)1)A nationwide online survey of men and women who received the remuneration of work for the past 12 months ranging in age from 20 to 69. Freelance scale is estimated based on 3096 valid responses.
2)The numbers in parentheses describes ratio to the labor force population.
3)Survey in the U.S. is based on "Freelancing in America".
(Reference) KWANSEI GRAND DESIGN https://kgc2039.jp/future/detail01.html
(Reference) Nikkei Shimbun 11/26/2018 at 15:24
https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO38171810W8A121C1CR8000/
Considering a system of collaboration and integration of universities
3(Reference) Created in accordance with Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Employment Status Survey 2007-2012 and 2017)
9.13 million(14%)
11.19 million(17%)
53 million(34%)
57.3 million(35%)
National Demographic Trends (1872-2115)
# of resignation: 1 time
# of resignation: 2 times or more
A new system of collaboration and integration of universities
Newly Established National university corporation
Holding corporation of multiple national universities (Umbrella system)
University A University B University C
National university corporation
Public university corporation
Private university corp.
Research development corporation
(Each corporation participates as one employee)
Corporation promoting collaboration of universities (provisional name)
National, public and private universities organized a general incorporated association
Transfer of faculties of private universities
Incorporated educational institution
○○University
Incorporated educational institution
○○University
Faculty of A
Faculty of B
Faculty of A
Faculty of B
1-2 Social Background of “Securing reliability of research data”To the age requiring the authenticity of research data (used or created by research institutes and companies) to put falsification of research data to an end.
• Falsification of research data and other misconducts in research institutes and companies in Japan has been increased year by year.• According to the journal “Science”, half of the top 10 researchers with many withdrawn papers are Japanese. Also, falsification of research data and
other misconducts frequently occurs in Japanese companies: Data falsification and other similar misconducts are recognized as big problems in both academic sector and industrial sector, which deteriorates industrial competitiveness (1).
Company Name Summary
Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd.
Misconduct such as describing contents differently from actual inspection result in periodical inspection report (2019)
KYB CorporationFalsification of performance inspection record data in oil damper inspection process for seismic isolation and damping for buildings (2018)
TATERU, Inc.A scandal in which employees falsified the deposit balance data provided by customers in order to pass a loan examination (2018)
KUBOTA Corporation
Misconduct of describing numerical values differently from actual inspection results in inspection report of consumable parts (rolls for rolling) used in production equipment such as steel plates (2018)
Hitachi Chemicals Co., Ltd.
Misconduct describing incorrect numerical values in the inspection certificate for some products of industrial lead storage batteries (2018)
MitsubishiMaterials
Corporation
Misconduct of rewriting inspection record data such as dimensionsand physical properties of sealing materials in Mitsubishi Cable Industries, Ltd. and Mitsubishi Shindoh Co., Ltd., which are consolidated subsidiaries (2018)
9 9
16
Major cases in recent years
Misconducts in research activities at universities(2) Data falsification at companies(3)
(Year)
(Number)
4(1) Researcher at the center of an epic fraud remains an enigma to those who exposed him: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/08/researcher-center-epic-fraud-remains-enigma-those-who-exposed-him(2) Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry aggregated refer to the case of published by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology * The above figures include fabrication and falsification, as well as research fraud due to plagiarism.(3) Sustaina Scandals Search : https://www.sustaina.org/ja/scandals/?ScandalSearch
Humanities and Social Science
BiologicalScience
Science and Engineering
1-3 Potentiality of Blockchain Technology and Purpose of the Survey
5
×Centralized system for securing reliability Decentralized system
• Blockchain technology, with its characteristics of among other things, improving data transparency, securing traceability, and preventing falsification , has attracted attention in recent years as a technology securing the reliability of counterparty in business, which is fundamental to economic activities, and as having the possibility of not requiring involvement of a centralized third party organization.
• It is indicated that blockchain technology has a potential to transform social systems in a wide range of fields. Given the social backgrounds explained in preceding slides, this technology has potential to be applied to “Academic degrees, courses and career certifications” and “Securing reliability of research data”.
・Point issuer: Management of electronic money as prepaid payment instruments・Escrow institution：Management of electronic trading including e-commerce・Manager of registries：Management of right holders of land registration and others・Intermediary：Management of matching in sharing economy・Central bank：Issuance of currency and its management
Purpose of Survey
• Carefully consider the applicability of blockchain
to these subjects and necessity of standardization
thereof, and the necessity to use blockchain in
this area must be examined strictly.
• Expect the output that leads to realize social
implementation of the technology through
organizing a hackathon.
“Academic degrees, courses and career certifications”
“Securing reliability of research data”
Edited by METI based on IBM's materials
Present After 2025
(Reference) FY 2015 Development of infrastructure for informatization and services of Japanese economy and societyDomestic and overseas trend survey on services applying blockchain technology (April, 2016)
School
Enrollment / Graduation
Course record (subject names / teachers)
Grade record
Company
Employment / Retirement
Work record (departments / periods)
Performance evaluation
Data to be considered
Typ
e o
f d
ata
• Storing in blockchain objective data based on facts, such as records of enrollment in or graduation from schools, completion of e-learning, and joining or resigning from companies. Individuals shall be able to disclose the stored data directly to a specific company or to other entities through the system. With more participants, it becomes possible to develop a reliable infrastructure of human resources and to achieve smooth mobility of human resources all over the world.
• The type of data to be placed on the blockchain is one of the issues to be considered in this proposal. For example, criteria for judging school records and company evaluations vary among organizations, and they cannot be easily compared.
(ii) Examples of objective data stored in blockchain
2-1-1 “Academic degrees, courses and career certifications”: Sample idea and expected challenges
6
(i) Type of data to be considered in this proposal (school and company)
Data to be considered
Typ
e o
f d
ata
Graduated from High School
Completed e-Learning
Joined Company A
Entered University
Joined Company B Time
mm/yy Entered HSmm/yy Graduated HS
mm/yy Entered HSmm/yy Graduated HSmm/yy Entered Univ
mm/yy Entered HSmm/yy Graduated HSmm/yy Entered Univmm/yy Completed XYZ
mm/yy Entered HSmm/yy Graduated HSmm/yy Entered Univmm/yy Completed XYZmm/yy Graduated Univ
mm/yy Entered HSmm/yy Graduated HSmm/yy Entered Univmm/yy Completed XYZmm/yy Graduated Univmm/yy Joined Co. A
mm/yy Entered HSmm/yy Graduated HSmm/yy Entered Univmm/yy Completed XYZmm/yy Graduated Univmm/yy Joined Co. Amm/yy Resign Co. A
mm/yy Entered HSmm/yy Graduated HSmm/yy Entered Univmm/yy Completed XYZmm/yy Graduated Univmm/yy Joined Co. Amm/yy Resigned Co. Amm/yy Joined Co. B
Graduated from
University
Resigned from
Company A
• Verifying authenticity of certificates on a long term basis is considered to be a intractable issue by using only the currentsystem(1).
• X. 509, known as a standard of PKI (public key infrastructure) often used in a centralized system, is a mechanism that enables us to confirm the authenticity of a certificate “at the time” of verification. If the issuer of a previously issued certificate is absent at such time, it is impossible to correctly verify the authenticity of such certificate; therefore, it is necessary to satisfy the following four requirements to construct a scheme that can properly verify the authenticity of certificates retroactively.
• As a means for perpetuating PKI, placing a PKI snapshot “at the time” on blockchain may be considered.
2-1-2 “Academic degrees, courses and career certifications” : Sample idea II
7(1) To the Establishment of Electronic Certificate Infrastructure -Consideration of Long Term Validation Capability of Time- Stamp and Proposal for Reliable Infrastructure - by Time Business Forum, Consideration of Electronic Certificate Infrastructure WG: https://www.dekyo.or.jp/tbf/data/seika/kiban_001.pdf
2. Register the certificate
4. Respond “Status of Certificate”
3. Inquiry
1. Issue a certificate
Certificate issuer
Client Client
1. Inquiry
Certificate issuer
2. “Validity status response” “Time stamp at the issuance” response
Cancel registration
Certificate verifier Certificate issuer
Automatically update certificate
1. Client may examine whether issued certificates are valid 2. Verifiable as a valid certificate even if the certificate issuing organization has liquidated
3. Make it possible to cancel the certificate by certificate issuing organization 4. Make it possible to automatically update the certificate as it is used for a long term
Certificate verifierCertificate verifier
Certificate verifier
Database ① Research Data XDatabase ② Research Data YDatabase ② Research Data ZDatabase ③ Research Data XDatabase ③ Research Data Z
…
Blockchain: Research Data
Sample Idea I
• Overview: (1) Storing raw data (including hash value of such data) retained by research institutes such as universities, private companies, including pharmaceutical companies, and overseas research institutes in the uneditabledistributed ledger makes the data unable to be falsified. (2) Implementation would start from the field other than the field that has already established a centralized database, such as the application field of Clinical Trials Act.
• Applicability of blockchain technology: If blockchain technology is adopted, (1) reliance on a specific central authority would be reduced when importing data from data providers in different countries and different attributes. (2) If such data is stored in the form of hash value in distributed ledger, data sharing would become much easier
Sample Idea II
Research
Data
• Overview: Establishing blockchain platform with smart contract on which the research data continues to be verified during the research process. For example, leading to the improvement of consistency in the whole research process by designing a smart contract to prevent the procession to the next step in the case that the type and quality of data do not meet the requirements.
2-2 “Securing reliability of research data”: Sample Idea
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(Reference) Blockchain technology for improving clinical research quality：
https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-017-2035-z
Database③Ex）Oversea research institute
Database②Ex）Pharmaceutical company
Database①Ex）Research institute
Database④Ex）University laboratory
3-1 Standardization
9
Standardization process in blockchain technology by standardizing body
• Although there is a movement of standardization of blockchain technology by the international standardizing body, the detail
hasn’t been discussed. For example, in the W3C, it is recognized that use cases of blockchian has yet to come. Also in ISO /
TC307, it is recognized that standardization would take time and the terminology needs to be fixed first.
Standardization process unique to blockchain protocol
• Prior to standardization in ISO or other organizations, Bitcoin and Ethereum implemented their own standardization processes
under the names of Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP) and Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP), respectively.
Two movements exist for blockchain standardization: standardization in the international standardizing body and establishment of standards operated by open source community. Currently, the latter standardization movement in the sector is predominantly used (for example, Ethereum ERC-20).
4-1 International Trends Survey: Management of data of academic degrees, courses and career
Use cases of blockchain technology in overseas universities and companies have been observed.
United States
• United States of America:o MIT provided graduates of 2018 with an option to receive a Digital Certificate together
with a paper certificate of degree (2).o Blockcerts provides a degree certificate solution based on blockchain. MIT, University of
Birmingham (U.K.) and other universities introduced the solution (3).o uPort, a project of Consensys, provides a decentralized system for managing identity(4).
Asia
Europe
• Malaysia:o Establishment of e-scroll based on
consortium-type blockchain, which connects six domestic universities and manages degrees, was presented at the initiative of Ministry of Education (MoE) (1).
• United Kingdom:o University of Birmingham established academic certificate authentication system and implemented verification test(5).o Open University issued micro credits on blockchain infrastructure at its MOOC platform (FutureLearn)(6).o GradBase issues QR code that can verify certificate or certificate portfolio, and users are free to share the code(7) .
• Cyprus:o University of Nicosia issues academic certificates based on blockchain to the students who completed the blockchain course(8) .
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(1) Ministry of Education in Malaysia：https://www.moe.gov.my/index.php/en/arkib/pemberitahuan/2018/4587-kenyataan-media-kpm-lancar-sistem-e-scroll-menggunakan-teknologi-blockchain-atasi-masalah-ijazah-palsu
(2) MIT News: http://news.mit.edu/2017/mit-debuts-secure-digital-diploma-using-bitcoin-blockchain-technology-1017(3) Blockcerts：https://www.blockcerts.org/
(4) uPort: https://www.uport.me/(5) University of Birmingham: https://intranet.birmingham.ac.uk/it/innovation/documents/public/Experiments/Blockchain-based-Academic-Certificate-Authentication-System-Overview.pdf(6) OpenUniversity: https://blockchain.open.ac.uk(7) Gradbase: https://gradba.se/en/(8) University of Nicosia : https://digitalcurrency.unic.ac.cy/free-introductory-mooc/self-verifiable-certificates-on-the-bitcoin-blockchain/academic-certificates-on-the-blockchain
4-2 International Trends Survey: Securing reliability of research data
• Various applications of blockchain are tested in scientific field, mainly in Europe and the U.S.
Research Cycle
Germany
• Blockchain for Science (1): Studying various applications of blockchain in the research area. The first Blockchain for Science Conference including its hackathon was held in November, 2018 in Berlin. o Smart Privacy: Manage data of research participants by using Smart Contract: for example, control who, when and how
long the data are available.o Internet of Research Things: Prevent data falsification by immediately recording the data generated from research device
to blockchain.• Data Management Hub (2) : Aiming to establish decentralized data infrastructure specialized in research data that enables
users to search access to and reutilize research data.
Examples of overseas projects
Various applications of blockchain shall be explored in many stages of the
research cycle (in orange).
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United States of America• MIT OPEN TrialChain (3) : Data sharing infrastructure for clinical trials. By posting a query to the infrastructure, an user may
obtain an anonymized data of research participants.• Enigma (4) : Enigma project released a system that can manipulate secret data without knowing or revealing its content . • Dat (5) : A distributed data sharing system, where all data shared through the Dat protocol are coded with a public key. By
providing own public key to any recipients, data becomes available to them.
Canada• Lyfescience (6) : In order for pharmaceutical companies and those who conducts clinical trials to safely and decentrally
collect and manage data of research participants and research results, the company provides solutions for optimizing and automating such collection and management by using smart contract.
(1) Blockchain for Science：https://www.blockchainforscience.com(2) Data Management Hub：http://damahub.org/
(3) MIT OPEN TrialChain: https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/open-trialchain/overview/(4) Enigma: https://enigma.co(5) Dat https://datproject.org (6) Lyfescience: https://lyfescience.com/
5-1 Background of Holding a Hackathon and its Outcomes
12
Background: Current state of social implementation of blockchain
• Currently, both users and vendors are trying to identify mainly technical issues through various types of PoC* (and have yet to consider how to improve cost efficiency). * Proof of Concept
• This is because (i) blockchain technology itself is still developing (in terms of secure key management methods, etc.), (2) the model and/or technology has not been fully developed so as to accelerate processing speed of blockchain speed and expand its applicable scope, (3) the necessary development of legal systems is not in place, and (4) there is a shortage of blockchain engineers and other experts.
Hackathon, focusing on the two subjects of “Management of data on academic degrees, courses and career” and “Securing reliability of research data,” was held to explore various possibilities for the social implementation, understand
technological and social issues, and produce blockchain technology engineers and other experts in Japan.
As a result of the hackathon, better-than-expected research results were obtained.
• While it was initially planned to invite 70 participants, 142 applicants - more than twice as many as initially planned – registered. Ultimately, 98 people participated. 22 teams presented 21 ideas and deliverables at the hackathon, which promoted a better understanding of issues with blockchain technology and confirmed possibility for the social implementation of the aforementioned subjects.
• During the hackathon period, participant teams proposed standards to the global Ethereum community, and it was confirmed how Japan could lead and contribute to future international standardization of blockchain technology.
(3) Participant statistics and results of questionnaire
• Total number of applicants: 142 (application deadline: Jan. 31, noon）
• Number of participants selected: 106• Number of actual participants: 98 (25 students, 73 business
people)• Number of teams: 22
o Subject: Academic degrees, courses and career certifications: 13 teams
o Subject: Securing reliability of research data: 9 teams
(2) Award
• Subject: Management of data on academic degrees, courses and careero Grand Award (Award of the Director-General of the
Industrial Science and Technology Policy and Environment Bureau): 1 team
o Excellence Award: 1 team• Subject: Securing reliability of research data
o Grand Award (Award of the Director-General of the Industrial Science and Technology Policy and Environment Bureau): 1 team
o Early Edge Award: 1 team(*) Early Edge Award: award that is given to a student team or a highly innovative team.
5-2-1 Overview of the Hackathon
(1) Outline
• Date and time: Feb. 9th (Sat), 16th (Sat) and 17th (Sun), 2019
• Place: Lifull Hub (2F, 1-4-4 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo)
• Participation fee: Free. However, there are some participation requirements and restrictions on protocols, etc. (*) If a participant uses an existing token, he/she can only use virtual
currencies or tokens traded in the platforms provided by virtual currency exchanges registered with the Financial Services Agency.
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Overall satisfaction level(1: not at all satisfactory ~ 5: very satisfactory) Reason for participation
82% were satisfied with their participation in the hackathon.
The top two reasons (“I want to implement blockchain technology in real life” and “I am interested in the subjects”) account for 75%.
OtherExamination committee members are attractive.
Workshops are attractive.
I am interested in the subjects.
I want to implement blockchain technology in real life.
(5) List of examination committee members
Name Affiliation Examination
Masanori Kusunoki
(Committee Chair)
CTO, Japan Digital Design, Inc.
Convener of Japan National Body of ISO/TC307 to standardize Blockchain and
Distributed Ledger Technologies
Primary and final
examinations
Yota Egusa Executive Officer, Technology Promotion Manager, SAKURA Internet Inc. Final examination
Hiroyuki Murai President and Managing Director of R&D Investment Office, Recruit Co., Ltd. Final examination
Ken Kawai Partner, Anderson Mori & Tomotsune Final examination
Junichi KishigamiProfessor, Muroran Institute of Technology
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Board Member
Primary and final
examinations
Tetsuya
SakashitaExecutive Director, JIPDEC
Primary and final
examinations
Eriko SuzukiPartner, Fresco Capital
Director of the investment division, Mistletoe, Inc.Final examination
Kohei TaniguchiBlockchain engineer, Chaintope Inc.
Co-founder, Go Blockchain Engineering Community
Primary and final
examinations
Yoshiteru ChibaUMIN (University Hospital Medical Information Network) Research Center
Vice Chair, J3C (Japan CDISC Coordinating Committee)Final examination
Junya Hirano COO, HashHub Inc.Primary and final
examinations
Takeshi Fukuizumi IT Service Development Headquarters, Technology Strategy Supervision, Softbank Final examination
Naohiro Fujie
West Japan Business Development Team, Team Chief Executive,
ITOCHU Techno-Solutions
Japan Director, OpenID Foundation
Primary and final
examinations
5-2-2 Overview of the Hackathon
14* Listed in random order and without honorifics.
(i) Problem to be resolved and idea generation
- Is the problem focused on clear and new, and is the solution
to the problem innovative?
(ii) Implementability and feasibility
- Is it highly possible that the service will be used in real world?
(iii) Completeness and performance
- Is(Are) the function(s) proposed in the concept implemented?
(iv) Presentation
- Are the problem, solution and implementation simply and
clearly explained?
(v) Applicability to the subjects of the hackathon
- Do the ideas and outputs fit with the subjects “Management of
data on academic degrees, courses and career” and “Securing
reliability of research data” and solve challenges unique to the
subjects?
(4) Screening criteria
(6) Workshop sessions and number of participants
Date Title of workshop Speaker and affiliation
Feb. 9 Basic concept of ID management in organizationsNaohiro Fujie
Japan Director, OpenID Foundation
Feb. 9Open Blockchain: How the Open University is applying Blockchain Technology to Adult Education
Michelle Bachler Research & Innovation Software Manager, Open University (UK)
Feb. 9 Digital Certificates for academic and professional historySoulla Louca
Professor, Director, Blockchain Initiative at University of Nicosia (Cyprus)
Feb. 9 Overview of Ethereum and Hands-on WorkshopKohei Taniguchi
Blockchain engineer, Chaintope Inc.
Feb. 9 Readily available and robust NEM blockchain / workshop for beginnersYu Kimura, Masayoshi Matsubara
CEO, LCNEM Inc., NEM Foundation
Feb. 9 Data, Policies and AlgorythmsDenis Parfenov
Data Management Hub Founder, Open Data Governance Board member(Ireland)
Feb. 9 Ethereum GethoDaisuke Sato
Co-Founder & CTO, Popshoot Inc.
Feb. 9 Consortium Blockchain and Hyperledger FabricKensuke Tanaka
Deputy Manager, IT Service-Payment Business Headquarters System Planning Division, NTT DATA Inc.
Feb. 9 Ethereum Identity: ERC-725Ooki Maki
CEO, BlockBase Inc.
Feb. 16 A Deep Dive into Open Blockchain ExperimentsMichelle Bachler
Research & Innovation Software Manager, Open University (UK)
Feb. 16 Free Q&A SessionDenis Parfenov
Data Management Hub Founder, Open Data Governance Board member (Ireland)
Feb. 16 Create NEM Wallet !Shohei NakagawaNEM Foundation
Feb. 16 Blockchain and Cryptoeconomy for ScienceDr. Sönke Bartling
Founder of Blockchain For Science (Germany), Lecturer at CODE.University
5-2-3 Overview of the Hackathon
15* Listed in random order and without honorifics.
Actual examples were introduced by organizations and entities with experience in utilizing blockchain technology in the UK, Ireland, Cyprus and Germany, and technical workshops on Ethereum, NEM, Hyperledger and the like were conducted. Ideas and technical advices were provided to participants.
5-3-1 Deliverable for the subject “Academic degrees, courses and career certifications” (Grand Award)《System for batch-based management of portfolio for degrees and periods of school attendance》
Outline
• Name of team: DigiD
• Number of team members: 4 (3 business persons and 1 student)
• A students deploys ERC725V2 smart contracts as its own identity. Students
hold their respective secret keys, and universities hold public keys and
manage credentials that are encrypted using students’ public keys.
• Credentials issued by universities are managed by using ERC735, and are
associated with ERC725 smart contracts.
• Credentials that are registered on a distributed ledger (IPFS) are more highly
tamper resistant. Since ERC735-based credentials are integrated into
student’s identity by using ERC725, the identity works as a decentralized
identity held by the student. Thus, this scheme has potential to enhance
values of individual students. In addition, by using this platform, data will
remain viable if a university ceases to exist as a result of abolition or
consolidation.
Implemented scheme
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Details
• Platform designed to create the world where each public key serves as each identity by using ERC725V2 and ERC735
• Subject: Management of data on academic degrees, courses and career
• Form of entry: team entry
UniversityCompany
Credentials
Smart contract
IPFS (encryption) Deploy
Credentials
Data
Link
StudentSecret key
Inheritance Inheritance
Authentication verification
Verification
Credentials are aggregated into one identity.
Users can decide which information should be disclosed depending on the intended use or purpose.
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Outline
• Name of team: OVP (Open Verifiable Platform)
• Number of team members: 5 (4 business persons and 1 student)
• Qualification is divided into three categories: public qualification, quasi-public qualification and
general private qualification, and data on reliability of qualifications is accumulated by allowing
anyone to review each accreditation/certifying organization.
• ERC725 smart contract is deployed as one’s own identity.
• Credentials are managed using ERC735, and associated with ERC725 smart contract.
• The scheme aims to improve tamper resistance by storing certification data in the distributed
ledger (IPFS) with the use of blockchain technology and to enable decentralized qualification and
course certification without involvement of third party organizations by utilizing ERC725 and
ERC735. In addition, the management of reputation on certifications (by using ERC1757) provides
a way to illustrate “whether it is actually a national qualification” and “whether the school actually
exists” without involvement of third party organizations, and helps establishing a mechanism under
which private qualifications will be regarded as quasi-public qualifications in accordance with
changing social needs.
Implemented scheme
Details• Distributed network for data on qualifications and course certifications which enables public / quasi-public certification of qualification and course
history by using ERC725 and ERC735
• Propose ERC1757 that manages reputation of credentials (claims) issued using ERC735 to Ethereum communities.
• Subject: Management of data on academic degrees, courses and career
• Form of entry: individual entry
5-3-2 Deliverable for the subject: “Academic degrees, courses and career certifications” (Excellence Award)《Open Verifiable Platform, an open-based platform for data on qualification and academic-course history》
Overall picture of
General users
Review by the public
Review by experts
Review of reviewers and review organizations
Recording is subject to permission of relevant individuals. KYC is conducted by using an external
platform.
Certified only by public organizations such as the Government and schools =
Traditional national qualifications / public qualificationsCertified also by the government and public organizations =
Quasi-public qualificationsGeneral private qualifications
Reviewed with ratings of ☆☆
Qualification certification request
Reading history request
Reading history submission
Qualification certification submission
Government, schools, public organizations
Private qualification exam providers
E-book reading historyE-learning
Qualification and course history
information bank
Qualification / course contents reviewers
Qualification / course history verifiers such as
HR personnel
History of exams / contents / qualification;
History of contents studied
Outline• Name of team: egateam
• Number of team members: 6 (4 business persons and 2 students)
• With regard to registration of clinical trials and case data, existing reliable
organizations including UMIN provides solutions, and thus it is not
necessary to use blockchain in this area.
• Blockchain may be applicable to analysis process because it “requires
checking by a third party (which is not currently conducted)” and
“involves huge amounts of work.”
• An owner discloses details of analysis process on the blockchain to submit
a work request to network participants, who conduct analysis and
verification work and receive tokens as consideration therefor.
• Blockchain technology enables designing an appropriate incentive
structure and making requests to third party analysis engineers around
the world for analysis process (i.e., distribution), which will lead to
enhancement of reliability of analysis process.
Implemented scheme
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Details
• Platform for outsourcing analysis processes in clinical trials
• Subject: Securing reliability of research data
• Form of entry: team entry + individual entry
5-3-3 Deliverable for the subject: “Securing reliability of research data” (Grand Award)《Distributed platform for outsourcing analysis of clinical research》
Workflow
Problem definition
Extra fee
Token
Analyzed data
・Specification・Data・Fee specification
OwnerSmart contract
User
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Outline• Name of team: Authorized Moment
• Number of team members: 5 (2 business persons and 3 students)
• A researcher who wants to use untampered video / image data logs in to the
service with his/her own Google account, and pays virtual currency (NEM in
this scheme) to the wallet assigned to the relevant project.
• E-ticket is delivered to the wallet.
• Once the project reaches its virtual currency funding target, a drone becomes
ready for take-off.
• A drone takes off, and data of images / videos shot by the drone is gathered on
the service in real time. The data then is automatically written to the
blockchain, and registered and certified (apostille).
• The certified data and a certificate are shared on the Google drive account of
the user who has the e-ticket in the wallet.
• Certificate verification function guarantees that the data is not tampered.
Implemented scheme
Details
• “Soranome,” a system that provides a virtual currency crowdfunding function for research projects and also eliminates data fraud by using a fully
automated drone, and certifies that the data is not tampered.
• Subject: Securing reliability of research data
• Form of entry: individual entry
5-3-4 Deliverable that won Early Edge Award《A drone platform that secures trustworthiness of research results and is accessible by international researchers in a continuous manner》
(1) Pay in virtual currency
(2) Obtain a ticket for data access (mosaic)
(3) Once the funding target is reached, data is automatically collected and registered.
(4) Obtain an apostille that certifies data registration.
(5) Receive virtual currency.
(6) Access data by using the ticket.
6-1 General
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• In terms of securing reliability of counterparties, blockchain technology, which does not require involvement of a centralized third party organization having been established with enormous costs, has potential to significantly change the social system in parallel with development of legal systems regarding personal information protection in Europe. Probably from this sense of anticipation, the hackathon held as part of the Survey attracted more attention than expected. Just like we had experienced the early days of the Internet, we may possibly be experiencing the early days of the technology that would become hugely popular.
• At the same time, as many participants of the hackathon mentioned, there are many challenges to overcome:- from a technical perspective, (1) secure method of managing and using private keys, (2) method of securing reliability when data
is originally entered, etc.- from an economic perspective, (1) Achievement of high user experience, (2) necessity of using blockchain technology, (3)
monetized model, etc.- from a system perspective, (1) privacy protection, (2) consistency with the right to know and the right to be forgotten, etc.To implement blockchain technology in real life, it is necessary to solve these challenges.
• Looking outside of Japan, there are multiple examples in which blockchain technology applies to both areas of “Management of data on academic degrees, courses and career” and “Securing reliability of research data.” In order for Japan to keep up with or rather lead these trends, the following initiatives will be required: First, develop, through the cooperation and collaboration between the government and business, the environment in which
demonstration experiments, like the hackathon held as part of this Survey, can be conducted with market participants, such as schools and companies, to further deepen the discussion for introduction of blockchain technology to the areas of “Management of data onacademic degrees, courses and career” and “Securing reliability of research data” .
Second, it'd be important to continue to provide engineer communities in Japan with a hackathon and other similar opportunities where they can contribute to the further development blockchain technology including developing the technical specification, which will allow Japan to keep pace with the global trends in applying blockchain technology.
6-2 General: Application of Blockchain Technology in the real world
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Applicability of blockchain technology
Subject: “Management of data on academic degrees, courses and career”
• It will be applicable in “correctly verifying certificates issued in the past by any issuer who ceases to exist,” which is difficult under the existing system.
• As for initiatives relating to DID (*) addressed by several teams at the hackathon, while there are some problems such as private key management, they involve a totally new system enabling users themselves to manage their own identities. It is considered necessary to continue to discuss the application of DID.
Subject: “Securing Reliability of Research Data”
• In some organizations in and outside Japan, centralized systems with a certain level of reliability are in operation, and as long as those systems are cost-effective and function properly, it is considered unnecessary to forcefully apply blockchain technology.
• At the hackathon, there was a project with a focus on “analysis process” of research activities for which no centralized database currently exists. It is considered necessary to continue to discuss the applicability to other processes of research activities too.
While blockchain technology is still developing, it can be applicable in various areas depending on requirements. It is necessary to analyze requirements and problems with the implementation in the real world, and to secure permanency of blockchain.
Subject: “Management of data on academic degrees, courses and career”
• There are already some universities and colleges (e.g., University of Nicosia in Cyprus) that issue degrees on blockchain, which enables data on academic degrees to be retained if a university ceases to exist.
• If access to blockchain is administered by the relevant university alone, the website for users will cease to exist once the university ceases to exist. In that case, since it is essentially difficult to continue to administer the system, it is necessary to ensure the implementation of decentralized administration.
Subject: “Securing Reliability of Research Data”
• Data Management Hub, a group operating mainly in Europe, aims to build a distributed data infrastructure specifically for research data that is searchable, accessible and reusable on the IPFS infrastructure.
• While the tamper resistance of the data stored in blockchain improves, the authenticity of the data itself is not ensured.
Examples in foreign countries
(*) Decentralized ID
In foreign countries, there are various examples of applying blockchain technology. It will be necessary to identify problem(s) in each example and discuss solutions.
6-3 General: Discussions on Future Standardization
Trends in standardization of blockchain technology
• International standardizing bodies are working on standardization of blockchain technology, but they are still at the early stages. For example, ISO is at the stage of defining Terminology.
• At the same time, communities and their core members (i.e., core developers) have their own standardization processes for open-source blockchain technology.
• Therefore, it is necessary to keep close attention on not only standardization by international standardizing bodies, but also standardization processes led by businesses such as blockchain core developers.
Standardization by blockchain development communities
• For example, in the case of Ethereum, technical specifications are improved and standardized in the processes such as EIP (which stands for Ethereum Improvement Proposal, a process relating to various improvement proposals for the entire system of Ethereum) and ERC (which stands for Ethereum Request For Comments, a process relating to proposals for standard specifications at an application level such as tokens and smart contracts). Bitcoin has an equivalent process, BIP (Bitcoin Improvement Proposal).
• These standardization processes are based on the actual implementation. Once adopted, they will not only be standardized, but also serve as technical specifications used widely by communities.
Expected actions required
• Providing opportunities and environments that help engineer communities in Japan to contribute more easily to global blockchain development communities, such as hackathons, strengthening open source development environment and education on blockchain technology. For example, while ERC-1757 (Reputation Mechanism to Claim Issuers) was proposed when the hackathon was held this February, many Japanese engineers may not possibly know how to participate in global communities. Providing opportunities will lead to increased participations to the global society.
• The Government and business need to cooperate in serving as a bridge between standardization activities by ISO, W3C and other international standardization bodies and private standardization processes such as EIP and BIP.
• However, Japan is not currently in a highly influential position in this process. A larger contribution will increase Japan’s influence on standardization itself, and also on blockchain technology to be used in real life around the world.
ERC-1757 proposed by a participant during the hackathon period
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