future ipp’s can benefit from existing european net metering systems
DESCRIPTION
FUTURE IPP’s CAN BENEFIT FROM EXISTING EUROPEAN NET METERING SYSTEMS. Johan Woudstra (THU) [email protected] & Ben Groenewald (CPUT) [email protected] 15 - 16 August 2012 ICUE Conference Protea Hotel, Stellenbossh. Contents: Introduction Opportunities in South Africa ( SA) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
FUTURE IPP’s CAN BENEFIT FROM EXISTING EUROPEAN NET METERING SYSTEMS.
Johan Woudstra (THU)[email protected]
&
Ben Groenewald (CPUT)[email protected]
15 - 16 August 2012ICUE Conference
Protea Hotel, Stellenbossh
Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Opportunities in South Africa (SA)
3. Dutch/European System of Distributed Generation (DG)a. Solar and Wind Systems
Cost & SavingsPayment of Energy delivered back to the GridPermits
b. Metering Systems
Analogue and Digital Smart Metering (Billing System)
c. Integration of Solar and Wind Systems into the Grid
4. Conclusion
Opportunities in South Africa (SA)
• Two acts direct the planning and development of the country’s electricity sector:
– The Electricity Regulation Act (ERA) of 2006 (No. 4 of 2006).
– The National Energy Act of 2008 (No. 34 of 2008).
Opportunities in South Africa (SA)
• August 2009, Department of Energy (DoE) gazetted Electricity Regulations on New Generation Capacity under the Electricity Regulation Act (ERA).
• The New Generation Regulations established:
– Rules and guidelines applicable to the undertaking of an IPP Bid Programme
– Procurement of IPP’s for new generation capacity
– Facilitation of fair treatment and non-discrimination between IPP’s and the buyer of the energy.
Components of Dutch Electricity Grid
• Production Nuon, Essent, Electrabel, Delta,
E.ON - (65% of market)
• Transport TenneT
• Distribution NUON, Essent, Eneco
• “Dealers” GreenChoice, Nederlandseenergie bedrijf, Nuon, Eneco,Atoomstroom, etc.
Distributed Generation Technologies Used
• Solar
• Wind
• Water?
A typical IPP supply system connected to the national grid
Dutch/European System of Distributed GenerationSolar Systems
Solar panel roof installation
Dutch/European System of Distributed GenerationSolar Systems
Typical Solar installation on a farm in Spain
Government Grants for Solar Panels/Farms
From 2 July 2012 – December 2013
Applicants get 15% of the cost of the Panels
Up to a maximum of 650 euro (R6500)
Basic Compensation for Solar Power Generation(Government Regulation)
Dealers must compensate your own use up to 5000 kWh/year
When you use 5000 kWh and you produce 5000 kWh you have to pay nothing
This means: Solar kWh price is ± 0.20 euro
Payment Example No. 1(per year)
Used 4000 kWh
Produced solar 3000 kWh
Difference 1000 kWh (due by customer)
Consumer pays: 1000kWh x €0.2 = €200
1000kWh x R2.00 = R2000
Payment Example No. 2
Used 4000 kWh
Produced solar 6000 kWh
Difference 2000 kWh (customer over supply)
Payment received: 2000 kWh x €0.07 = €1402000 kWh x R0.70 = R1400
Price produced solar energy: €0.07/kWh = R0.70/kWh
Payment Example No. 3
Used : 8000 kWh
Produced solar: 6000 kWh
To Pay: (8000-5000) kWh x €0.20 = €600
Compensation received: 1000kWh x €0.07 = €70
Total amount due by customer: €600 – €70 = €530
Payment Example No. 4
Used 7000 kWh
Produced solar 8000 kWh
To Pay (7000-5000) kWh x €0,20 = €400
Compensation received: 3000 kWh x €0,07= €210
Total amount due by customer: €400 – €210 = €190
Permits for Solar Installations
Depending on local government rules
Most cases no permit necessary
Only when you change the look of your roof
Dutch/European System of Distributed Generation Wind Systems
Example of a horizontal axis wind turbine
Example of a vertical axis (Darius) wind turbine
Wind Turbines on a farm
In the future we will have
enough energy but no food!!
Government Grants for Wind Turbines
• Generally No Grant for small scale Wind Turbines < 15 kW
• Local governments do have there own system
• Dealers must compensate your own use up to 5000 kWh/year (government regulation)
Grants for Large Wind Turbine >15 kW
SDE = Stimulation (Duurzame) Sustainable Energy
Complicated arrangement but it guarantees a basic payment per kWh
Depending on the market price you get a grant
Investment and Profit for Large Wind Turbines
Cost of 3 MW Wind Turbine : ± 4.6 million euro
Repayment period: 15 years
Electricity produced over 15 years: ± 8 million euro
The profit is ± 1.2 million euro = ± 80 000 euro/year
Permits for Wind Turbines
• Environment and building permits are required
• In urban areas wind turbine heights are restricted to no higher than 18m (local government rules may dictate otherwise)
For large wind turbines it is difficult to obtain a permit.
Can take years to obtain a permit due to regulations and procedures.
Dutch/European System of Distributed Generation Metering
A Typical “Draaistroommeter” (Ferraris meter)
Typical Smart meter used in the Netherlands
Example of a settlement for the solar energy production of a year
Example of a grid tie inverter
Example of a grid tie inverter
Typical Grid Tie Inverter specifications
• Model GTI-500W • AC Output Voltage Range 190V ~ 260V • AC-output Frequency Range 46Hz ~ 65Hz • Total Harmonic Distortion <5% • Power Factor 0,99 • DC-Input Voltage Range 14V ~ 28V• Peak Efficiency 94% • Stand-by Power <0,5 W
Conclusion
Clear that there are opportunities for IPP’s
Distributed Generation (DG) can lighten the supply load on Eskom without affecting profit margins
Recently 28 IPP licenses were approved by NERSA – shows SA’s commitment to encourage independent power generation
Much can be learned from the Dutch/European System!
Thank You
Questions?