fusion centers aff and neg upgrades - jdi 2015

7/25/2019 Fusion Centers Aff and Neg Upgrades - JDI 2015

1/37

Movements Af Wave 2


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#AllLivesMatter


3/37

2AC / 1AC Now is the Key Time

The status quo movement is shitin! towar"s#AllLivesMatter an" away rom #la$%LivesMatter This

is an im&osition o &ost'ra$ial &oliti$s that a$ts as anerasure o ra$ial violen$e an" hollows out the movement only a re$enterin! #la$%LivesMatter in the $am&ai!n is%ey to &revent this shitArielle Newton, Editor-in-Chief December 1, 2(1)WHAT YOU MEAN BY#A!"EMATTE$ htt%&''bl(c)millenni(l*+com'1.'1'1'/h(t-0o-me(n-b0-(llli2e*m(tter'3erh(%* the most inuriatin! a"a&tation is #AllLivesMatter* awhitewashe" au+ sentiment that $o'o&ts the $ru+ o this !rowin!ra$ial ,usti$e movement+ !4d im(5ine th(t /hen %eo%le t/eet (nd %o*t *in5 #Alli2e*M(tter, the04retr0in5 to %ro6ect (n nder*t(ndin5 th(t e2er0one *hold be tre(ted /ith decenc0 (nd re*%ect+7

#AllLivesMatter is a $a&ture o $olor-lin"ness that !oes a!ainst the

&ur&ose o #la$%LivesMatter. A* Bl(c) Americ(n* in the r(ci(l 6*tice *tr55le (nd %romoter* ofthe root* embedded in #Bl(c)i2e*M(tter, /e (lre(d0 )no/ (nd (5ree th(t (ll li2e* m(tter+ Bt /e (l*o )no/ th(t

in,usti$es stemmin! rom &oli$e -rutality an" the $on!lomerate

$riminal ,usti$e system* "oes not mar!inalie a!ainst all lives8 -ut

la$% lives* (lmo*t e+$lusively +7E2er0 9 hor*, ( Bl(c) %er*on i* )illed b0 %olice or 2i5il(nte*+ Bl(c)%eo%le (re tr(%%ed in %ri*on* (t (l(rmin5 r(te*+ Bl(c) %eo%le (re le** li)el0 to 5r(d(te from colle5e, bt (re more li)el0to 5r(d(te /ith o2er :;, in *tdent lo(n debt+ Bl(c) %eo%le (re more li)el0 to *


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reorms or a$$ounta-ility+ atrolmens enevolent Asso$iation&resi"ent atri$% Lyn$hFno rel(tion to meG /(* ic) to bl(me *eemin5l0 (ll critic* of l(/enforcement /hen he decl(red, IThere@* blood on m(n0 h(nd* toni5ht+I He then $alle" or an en"to the la$% Lives Matter movement/hen he *(id, I!t m*t not 5o on, it c(nnot betoler(ted+I73raternal 4r"er o oli$e national &resi"ent Chu$%Canter-ury !ave a similar res&onse* im&lorin! us to en" $riti$ism o

law enor$ement o5$ers(nd re5(rd their /or) (* %erformed %erfectl0& IEno5h i* eno5h+There@* nothin5 /ron5 /ith the /(0 co%* do their 6ob* th(t /on@t be ?Jed /hen %olitici(n* *c) it % (nd

(tt(c) the %roblem* th(t breed %o2ert0 (nd crime+I FKr(nted, ! 5i2e him %ro%* for th(t l(*t %(rt+G 7Thee"itorial -oar" at the New 6or% ost also $ame "own har" on"emonstrators an" $riti$sof l(/ enforcement in re(ction to the t/o mrdered ocer*& 7Cle(rl0, the %rote*ter* -- e55ed on b0 %olitici(n* (nd %rofe**ion(l (cti2i*t* -- h(2e en5(5ed in ( /(r%edc(m%(i5n to fel (n5er (t co%*+ E2en before (trd(0@* *l(0in5 of the*e ocer*, *ome %rote*ter* h(dbecome 2iolent (nd (tt(c)ed co%*+7IWh(t do /e /(ntL De(d co%* When do /e /(nt itL No/I *omech(nted l(*t /ee)+7No/ the0@2e 5ot their /i*h+7e** th(n t/o d(0* l(ter the editori(l bo(rd /(* (t it

(5(in&73or wee%s, or elites have vali"ate" the 7an!er7 o the

&rotesters /ho h(2e been t()in5 o2er *treet*, brid5e* (nd tnnel*+78owever* the la$%

Lives Matter movement has always -een overwhelmin!ly $ommitte"

to nonviolen$e+ Thi* *t(rted b(c) in A5*t (t the time of the IWe Will Not Ko B(c)I m(rch, /hich !hel%ed or5(ni=e /ith m0 friend Al h(r%ton, (lon5 /ith *e2er(l l(bor nion*+ !n the d(0* le(din5 to them(rch, h(r%ton %enned ( blo5 %o*t on The Hn5ton 3o*t eJ%re**in5 hi* *%%ort for %olice (nd fornon2iolence&7The moment /e lo*e or %led5e to ( non-2iolent mo2ement, /e become %(rt of /h(t /ecl(im to be ?5htin5+ Do not (llo/ thi* to h(%%en /e m*t rem(in dedic(ted to ( hi5her mor(lcommitment+ +++ A* ! h(2e often *t(ted, not (ll %olice ocer* (re b(d+ !n f(ct, ! belie2e mo*t of them trl0(re doin5 their be*t to %rotect %eo%le (nd redce crime+7The re2erend reiter(ted thi* (t the A5*t r(ll0& 7We (re not here to c(*e 2iolence+ +++ We (re not (5(in*t %olice+ Mo*t %olice do their 6ob+ Bt tho*e th(tbre() the l(/ m*t be held (ccont(ble+ +++ We (re for %olice+ 7Thi* /(* not *im%l0 em%t0 rhetoric& There/(* not ( *in5le (rre*t (t the A5*t m(rch+7Nor /ere there (n0 incident* (t l(*t month@* H(rlem 2i5il,/ho*e *co%e /(* eJ%(nded to (l*o be ( 2i5il for the mrdered co%*+ At the e2ent, %(rtici%(nt* %olitel0obli5ed /ith the ree*t* of NY3D ocer*, /ho reci%roc(ted /ith th(n)-0o*+ Drin5 the 2i5il e2ent, one*%e()er %rocl(imed, IWe@re not (nti-%olice /e@re (nti-%olice-brt(lit0+ E2er0 co% i*n@t b(d+I And, for tho*eof 0o /ho 5ri%e th(t bl(c) fol)* i5nore the i**e of crime (mon5 or*el2e*, drin5 the *er2ice follo/in5the 2i5il, Eric K(rner@* ne%he/ 5(2e ( *%eech decl(rin5, I! trl0 belie2e th(t /hen (n0bod0 5et* mrdered,

b0 ( %olice ocer or b0 one of or )ind, /e *hold t()e the *(me *t(nce+I 7Ne2erthele**, the news

me"ia has -een har" at wor% tra$%in! "own the han"ul o&rotesters an" others who "i" or even wrote somethin! violent inor"er to stereoty&e the entire la$% Lives Matter movement (* 2iolent+An" when there isnt somethin!* the news me"ia has resorte" to"o$torin! oota!eto m()e it loo) li)e ( %rote*ter i* c(llin5 for )illin5 %olice /hen *he /(*(ct(ll0 %rote*tin5 %e(cefll0+7The 3o*t h(* been (t the forefront of thi* t(ctic+ or eJ(m%le, ( colmni*t/rote (n o%-ed entitled, ITho5ht tho*e (nti-co% P*icQ %rote*ter* /ere %e(ceflL Thin) (5(in+I He 5oe* onto cite ( *in5le 2iolent incident in /hich Eric in*)er (ttem%ted to thro/ ( 5(rb(5e c(n (nd then (tt(c)edt/o co%* tr0in5 to (rre*t him, /hile ( fe/ other %rote*ter* inter2ened %h0*ic(ll0+7! do not condone thi*(ction, bt ne2erthele** thi* colmni*t (%%(rentl0 cold onl0 ?nd one incident in2ol2in5 2iolence+ And the3o*t@* o/n 2ideo of the incident *ho/*, b0 m0 cont, *e2en or ei5ht %eo%le bein5 %h0*ic(l, /here the%h0*ic(lit0 i* mo*tl0 t55in5 (t the ocer* tr0in5 to det(in one %er*on+ Moreo2er, in*)er@* (ttorne0 l(terde*cribed the (ttem%ted thro/in5 of the 5(rb(5e c(n (* bein5 th(t he %ic)ed % ( 5(rb(5e c(n, then %t it

do/n (t the behe*t of %olice+7Ho/e2er, this sin!le in$i"ent was enou!h or the

ost to ty&iy the entire "emonstration as violent -y usin! thehea"line 7oet a$$use" o assaultin! $o&s "urin! &ea$eul &rotest,I(* o%%o*ed to *omethin5 more (ccr(te li)e I3oet (cc*ed of (**(ltin5 co%* drin5 other/i*e %e(cefl%rote*t+I7The *(me colmni*t (l*o %ointed to 2ideo of ( fe/ do=en %rote*ter* c(llin5 for de(d co%*, (lbeit/hile en5(5in5 in ( non2iolent m(rch+ A ic) 5l(nce of the 2ideo *ho/* ( fe/ do=en %eo%le, m(0be .to%*, /hich he *omeho/ e*tim(te* it to be Ihndred* if not tho*(nd*+I 7B(*ed on thi* e2idence, thecolmni*t decl(re*, Iet@* m()e belie2e th(t onl0 (n it*0-bit*0 h(ndfl of tho*e (nti-%olice %rote*ter*di*r%tin5 the cit0 (re hell-bent on m(0hem+I Th(t *t(tement i* ite ironic bec(*e, (ltho5h ! /(* ne2erth(t 5ood (t m(th, b0 m0 c(lcl(tion* (bot ; %eo%le ot of tho*(nd* (ct(ll0 i* (n it*0-bit*0 h(ndfl+ 7And /hen editori(l bo(rd* (nd 3(tric) 0nch (re l(mb(*tin5 critic* of l(/ enforcement, the0 m(0 /(nt tot()e note of the nmber of con*er2(ti2e comment(tor* /ho denonced the 5r(nd 6r0 deci*ion in the Eric


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K(rner c(*e+ Thi* inclde* OR Ne/* comment(tor* Ch(rle* Sr(th(mmer (nd Andre/ N(%olit(no, /hore*%ecti2el0 c(lled the deci*ion not to indict (* Itot(ll0 incom%rehen*ibleI (nd I( 5rie2o* /ron5+I Th(tmi5ht h(2e m(de for *ome (/)/(rd moment* (t the holid(0 %(rt0 of the Ne/* Cor%or(tion, /hich o/n*the 3o*t (nd OR Ne/*, if (n0one (t the %(%er@* editori(l bo(rd bm%ed into Sr(th(mmer or N(%olit(no,con*iderin5 th(t the bo(rd im%lied their co-/or)er* (re (mon5 the Ielite*I /ho I2(lid(ted the @(n5er@ of

the %rote*ter*I (nd hel%ed incite $(mo*@ (nd i@* mrder*+7ut0o )no/ /h(tL Lets "o anintelle$tual e+er$ise an" ta%e as a$t that the la$% Lives Matter

movement is violent -ase" on the osts stan"ar"s+ No/, lets a&&lythat lo!i$ $onsistently. 8ow a-out s&orts ans who loot an" riot ater!ames, /hether their te(m /in* or lo*e*L (*t 0e(r, f(n* (t the Uni2er*it0 of Ari=on( rioted (nd(tt(c)ed %olice (fter their b(*)etb(ll te(m lo*t in the M(rch M(dne** torn(ment+ Thi* %(*t October, f(n*(t We*t "ir5ini( Uni2er*it0 Icelebr(tedI their footb(ll te(m@* %*et 2ictor0 o2er B(0lor b0 *ettin5 ?re* (ndd(m(5in5 %ro%ert0+ E2en /or*e, one %er*on /(* (ct(ll0 )illed in ( *occer riot in %(in l(*t No2ember, (*re%orted b0 the 3o*t+7Bt did the %(%er (ccom%(n0 the (rticle /ith (n o%-ed entitled, ITho5ht *%ort*f(n* /ere %e(ceflL Thin) (5(inIL H(2e there been c(ll* for (ll *%ortin5 e2ent* to be held in em%t0(ren(*L Or th(t no one *hold e2er (5(in %e(cefll0 celebr(te or l(ment the otcome of ( *%ortin5 e2entLThe neJt time ( Ne/ Yor) *%ort* fr(nchi*e /in* ( ch(m%ion*hi% FKod /illin5G, /ill the 3o*t %bli*h (n

editori(l *(0in5 /e not h(2e ( 2ictor0 %(r(deL7Lets also a&&ly this lo!i$ to ty&iy lawenor$ement o5$ers -ase" on the a$tions o a ew+ Ne/ Yor) M(5(=inecom%iled ( li*t of comment* in re*%on*e to K(rner@* mrder+ The*e comment* /ere %o*ted on the %oliceme**(5e bo(rd* Thee $ANT (nd 3oliceOne+ Both me**(5e bo(rd* reire *er* to %ro2ide docment(tionin order to be 2eri?ed (* %olice ocer* before the0 c(n %o*t+7Here (re *ome of the lo/li5ht* of me**(5e

bo(rd %o*tin5* b0 2eri?ed l(/ enforcement ocer* in re*%on*e to K(rner@* homicide+ All *%ellin5 (nd5r(mm(tic(l mi*t()e* in the ori5in(l&7To5h *hit (nd too d(mn b(d+7! 5e** it@* the be*t thin5 for hi*tribe+ He %rob(bl0 ne2er /or)ed ( le5it 6ob+ The0 cit0 /ill %(0 o< the f(mil0 (nd the0 /ill be in Ni555(((he(2en for the re*t of their li2e*7!f the f(t f) 6*t %t hi* h(nd* behind hi* b(c) none of thi* /old h(2ee*c(l(ted into /h(t it did+7The citie* of Americ( (re held ho*t(5e b0 the *tron5-(rm t(ctic* of the*(2(5e*7After the 5r(nd 6r0 decided not to indict Ocer 3(nt(leo, form *er* eJ%re**ed *imil(r*entiment*&7! W! DO E"E$YTH!NK !N MY 3OWE$ TO SEE3 MY ON $OM E"E$, E"E$ BE!NK EOPl(/ enforcement ocer*Q+++! /ill not let m0 *on* be *(cr(?ced for n5r(tefl, *%oiled, h(tefl (nim(l*+7Th(n) the 5ood ord it h(%%ened in the !*le of t(ten /here there (re *till *ome /or)in5 cl(** /hite fol)*+7 c ) Bl(c) Americ(, their e(l or /or*e th(n /hite*, /hen *%e()in5 of $(ci*m+++7 c ) Di2er*it0, it@*not /or)in5 (nd ne2er /ill /or)+++Di2er*it0 onl0 (ccom%li*he* one thin5, (=0, Dmb idiot* /ho don@t c(re(bot (n0 3o*ition the0 (tt(in, Yo i*tenin5 Mr+ 3re*ident L7And thi*, (hem, in*en*iti2it0 i* not limited tome**(5e bo(rd*+ There /(* (l*o thi* %olice ch(rit0 e2ent in C(liforni( l(*t month, ho*ted b0 retired A3Docer oe M0er*, /ith (n e*tim(ted ; to A3D ocer* in (ttend(nce+ The e2ent inclded (%erform(nce b0 former feder(l in2e*ti5(tor K(r0 i*hell, /ho moc)ed Mich(el Bro/n@* de(th /ith ( *on5%(rod0 of IB(d, B(d ero0 Bro/nI /here IMich(elI re%l(ced Iero0+I $e%ortedl0 no one (t the e2ent 2oiced

(n0 ob6ection to the *on5, /ho*e l0ric* inclded the follo/in5&7And Mich(el loo)ed li)e *ome old /i**chee*e7Hi* br(in /(* *%l(ttered on the oor 7And he@* de(d, de(d Mich(el Bro/n7De(de*t m(n in the/hole d(mn to/n7o i* (ll of thi* concl*i2e e2idence th(t (ll l(/ enforcement ocer* (re r(ci*tL Ofcor*e not+ Bec(*e thi* (ll (dd* % to ( h(ndfl of di*%(r(te (necdote* from ( minte fr(ction of %olice+And th(t@* eJ(ctl0 m0 %oint& Do not ch(r(cteri=e (n0 bro(d cro**-*ection of %eo%le -- be it co%*, %rote*ter*,or (n0one el*e -- b(*ed on cherr0 %ic)in5 /h(t ( fe/ of them do or *(0+7Yo )no/ /h(tL !@ll hold m0 no*e(nd em%(thi=e /ith the 3o*t ( little bit+ ! ho%e their editor* (nd colmni*t* (re *l(nderin5 the Bl(c) i2e*M(tter mo2ement bec(*e *ome/here dee%, dee% do/n in*ide the0 thin) it@* for ( 5ood end, mi*5idedtho5h it m(0 be+ Hec), !@ll e2en concede th(t 3(tric) 0nch@* 6ob i* to (d2oc(te for hi* member*hi%, not to

be %olite or *tri2e for (ccr(c0+7ut we $annot an" will not allow any smears toquash the movement to en" e+$essive or$e -y a small &er$enta!e o

law enor$ement o5$ers+ This is a $riti$al ,un$ture , one where ol%s

are more vo$al than ever -eore a-out $riminal ,usti$e reorm* an"the horri9$ mur"ers o two N6: o5$ers must not -e a strawman

or en"in! any ty&e o reorm+ Weve !aine" too mu$h momentum to

let that ha&&en.


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#AllLivesMatter is a"

#AllLivesMatter is an erasure o ra$ial ,usti$e rom themovement

li( Cravent(< $e%orter, The Hn5ton 3o*t, U%d(ted& 1';'2(103le(*e to% Tellin5 Me Th(t All i2e* M(tter 11';'1. 11&. %m EThtt%&''///+hn5ton%o*t+com'6li(-cr(2en'%le(*e-*to%-tellin5-me-thb+htmlWhen ! *(0 IBl(c) li2e* m(tter,I it i* bec(*e thi* n(tion h(* ( tendenc0 to *(0 other/i*e+ ;a$ial

"is$rimination "oes afe$t all minorities -ut &oli$e -rutality , (t *ch

eJce**i2e r(te*, "oes not +7 A -la$% &erson is %ille" e+tra,u"i$ially every

2< hrs* (nd Bl(c) men bet/een (5e* 1V (nd ; (re the 5ro% mo*t (t ri*) to be 5nned do/n b0%olice+ B(*ed on d(t( from the Center on 2enile (nd Crimin(l *tice, 0on5 Bl(c)* (re .+; time* moreli)el0 to be )illed b0 %olice th(n (n0 other (5e or r(ci(l 5ro%+ 7Afric(n-Americ(n* h(2e com%ri*ed %ercent of %olice *hootin5* tho5h /e onl0 m()e% 1 %ercent of the U++ %o%l(tion, b(*ed on d(t(*%(nnin5 from 1VVV to 11+7!n the 19 d(0* *ince Mi)e Bro/n /(* )illed b0 D(rren Wil*on (nd left on

di*%l(0 in the middle of the *treet for for (nd ( h(lf hor*, (t le(*t *e2en Bl(c) m(le* h(2e been *hot (nd)illed b0 l(/ enforcement ocer*+7 45$ers are &rovi"e" the unrestri$te" ri!ht

to use or$e at their "is$retion -- (nd /ill not he*it(te to do *o -- an" la$%

-o"ies are more sus$e&ti-le to !reetin! the -usiness en" o those

state'issue" 9rearms. 7Multi&le a$tors su$h as $lothin!* lo$ation

an" in"ivi"ual -ehavior "etermine who !ets sto&&e" -y the &oli$ean" when, (ccordin5 to (c) Kl(*er, (n (**oci(te %rofe**or (t Uni2er*it0 of C(liforni(-Ber)ele0@*Koldm(n chool of 3blic 3olic0+7IThe /(0 the %roce** /or)* +++ i* if 0o t()e t/o ei2(lent %eo%le -- (0on5 /hite m(n (nd ( 0on5 bl(c) m(n -- /ho (re dre**ed identic(ll0, the bl(c) m(n /old *till h(2e (5re(ter ch(nce of bein5 *to%%ed,I Kl(*er *(id+ IAnd it@* bec(*e hi* r(ce i* ( b(*i* of **%icion (nd itinter(ct* /ith tho*e other (litie* in ( /(0 th(t m()e* them (ll *eem more **%icio* bec(*e it bi(*e*the 6d5ment of e2er0thin5+I7Kr(nted, eJtr(6dici(l )illin5* h(2e dro%%ed %ercent in the l(*t . to ;0e(r*+ Ne(rl0 1 0on5 bl(c) men /ere )illed (nn(ll0 b0 %olice in the l(te 1V*, (nd the*e 0on5 men(l*o com%ri*ed ; %ercent of %olice )illin5* bet/een 1V9 (nd 1V.+ 7hootin5* fell to ; %er 0e(r in the* tho5h the ri*) i* *till hi5her for Bl(c) Americ(n* th(n it i* for /hite*, (tino* (nd A*i(n*+ M0 %eo%le(re )illed (t +9 time* the r(te of /hite non-(tino* (nd .+ time* the r(te of A*i(n*+ 7! *(0 (ll of thi* to*(0, tho5h it h(* become le** %re2(lent, %olice brt(lit0 h(* ne2er ( ro*em(r0 l@tr(n5Zre F[/hoi*ro*e(m(G No2ember ;, 1.7Non-bl(c) )id* (ren@t bein5)illed li)e bl(c) )id* (re+ Of cor*e !@d be 6*t (* %i**ed if co%* /ere 5nnin5 do/n /hite )id*+ Dh, bt

the0 (ren@t+ White (**(il(nt* c(n litter mo2ie the(ter* (nd bodie* /ith bllet* from (tom(tic /e(%on* (ndbe (%%rehended (li2e bt bl(c) )id* c(n@t 6(0/(l) or h(2e to0 5n* in o%en c(rr0 *t(te*L 7There i**eemin5l0 no 6*tice for Bl(c) life in Americ(+ An n(rmed Bl(c) bod0 c(n be 5nned do/n /ithot*cient re(*onin5 (nd left in the middle of the *treet on di*%l(0 for hor* -- 6*t li)e 2ictim* of l0nchin5+ 7tr(n5e frit *till h(n5* from or n(tion* %o%l(r tree*+ 0nchin5 nder/ent ( technolo5ic(l re2oltion+ !t

e2ol2ed from noo*e* to 5n* (nd bro)en nec)* to bllet /ond*+7oli$e -rutality is a LACKissue. This is not an ill a>i$tin! all Ameri$ans* -ut that "oes notmean you $annot stan" in soli"arity with us. ut stan"in! with us"oes not mean tellin! us how we shoul" eel a-out our $ommunitysmar!inaliation. =tan"in! with us means -ein! with us in soli"arity


7/37

without -ein! u&set that this is or 4?; @4L@ -- (nd /(ntin5 reco5nition for0or* in thi* 2er0 *%eci?c conteJt+

#AllLivesMatter &riorities white lives over -la$% lives this is an erasure o "iferen$e that hollows out themovementN(=(r Al,assar\ M(r . 2(10to% *(0in5 ]All i2e* M(tter^htt%&''///+c(2(lierd(il0+com'(rticle'1;''(l6(**(r-*to%-*(0in5-(ll-li2e*-m(tterWhen ! m(rch in %rote*t /ith m0 %eer* (nd *(0 ]bl(c) li2e* m(tter,^ ! do *o bec(*e there i* no *hort(5e

of Americ(n* /ho belie2e th(t bl(c) li2e* (re di*%o*(ble+ The wanton use o e+$essive

or$e -y &oli$e o5$ers a!ainst youn! -la$% males is well'

"o$umente" & "es&ite $om&risin! 1 &er$ent o the national

&o&ulation* -la$% Ameri$ans are vi$tims o rou!hly one in our &oli$eshootin!s.!n or o/n commnit0, /e h(2e *een one of or bl(c) *tdent*, M(rte*e ohn*on,bloodied b0 "ir5ini( Alcoholic Be2er(5e Control (5ent* /ho*e r(ci(l bi(*e*, im%licit or eJ%licit, li)el0( (nd e2en if the0 didn4t in thi* in*t(nce, the %o**ibilit0 of%re6dice (lone ill*tr(te* 6*t ho/ he(2il0 r(ce h(n5* o2er the he(d* of tho*e /ho re5l(rl0 rn intor(ci*m+ ! *(0 ]bl(c) li2e* m(tter^ bec(*e Americ( h(* decl(red o%en *e(*on (5(in*t 0on5 bl(c) m(le*,

(nd B am em-ittere" -y "isres&e$tul ?niversity stu"ents who insist

on re&la$in! -la$% lives matterD with all lives matter.D 7 All lives

matterD masquera"es as a !oo"'nature" mantra that unites

"iferent $ommunities a!ainst in,usti$e an" all o its maniestations E

-eneath a su&er9$ial level, it is an insensitive a&&ro&riation o a

&hrase $reate" -y -la$% Ameri$ans in sear$h o soli"arity follo/in5 thetr(5edie* th(t h(2e bef(llen 0on5 bl(c) m(le*+ A friend eJ%l(ined it to me (* (n(lo5o* to (n indi2id(l(%%ro(chin5 ( ch(rit0 b()e *(le for c(ncer (nd im%lorin5 the or5(ni=er* to con*ider the *tr55le* th(t

other %(tient* f(ce+ Those who say all lives matterD hi,a$% an e+&ressionthat a5rms -la$% lives in a worl" where $ultural an" institutional&ra$ti$es "isa"vanta!e them+ These in"ivi"uals su-sume stru!!less&e$i9$ to -la$% Ameri$ans un"er a -roa"er* whitewashe" vision orequality an" ra$ial $olor-lin"ness that is more &alata-le to non'-la$% Ameri$ans.7! don4t me(n to (cc*e (ll /ho h(2e *(id ](ll li2e* m(tter^ of co-o%tin5 (%hr(*e th(t doe* not belon5 to them+ Those who say all lives matterD may not -eaware o the im&li$ations o those wor"s an" may have ,ust &i$%e"u& the &hrase rom so$ial me"ia, unli%e those who &reten" ra$ism inlaw enor$ement "oes not e+ist+ The l(tter (re the )ind of %eo%le /ho *(0 th(t the0]don4t *ee r(ce,^ the )ind of %eo%le /ho re(r their 5l0 he(d* e(ch time ( bl(c) bod0 be(r* the brnt of

2iolence+ These are the &eo&le who "rown out -la$% voi$es throu!hwhitewashin!E -y sayin! all lives matter*D they $reate a moresanitie" view o so$ial inequalities.7@+&ressin! the slo!an that

emer!e" rom the shootin! o Mi$hael rown in 3er!uson as alllives matterD &la$es non'-la$% Ameri$ans at the $enter o a tra!e"y

that "oes not -ear any $onsequen$es or them+ All lives matterD

"iminishes the ra$ial element o the issues that &ermeate the

Ameri$an $riminal ,usti$e system. The a&&li$ation o ,usti$e in our

nation is unequal* so it only ma%es sense that we "ire$t our $on$erntowar"s a5rmin! the value o -la$% lives. ]ince thi* contr0@* fondin5 the l(/


8/37

h(* been *ed to %rotect the life, libert0, (nd %ro%ert0 of /hite men, 0et th(t *(me l(/ h(* been /(r%ed(nd m(ni%l(ted to di*enfr(nchi*e bl(c) %eo%le from tho*e b(*ic ri5ht*,^ Uni2er*it0 NAAC3 Ch(%ter3re*ident "6 en)in* *(id+ ]While P*ome /hite men (nd /omenQ *ee the %olice (nd *ee *(fet0, ( %er*on toc(ll to for (id, *o m(n0 of m0 %eo%le *ee the le**on* hi*tor0 h(* t(5ht them+ The0 *ee Bro/n 2+Mi**i**i%%i /here %olice ocer* hn5 ( m(n b0 ( tree (nd be(t him ntil he confe**ed to ( crime he didnot commit+^7!n6*tice* (**oci(ted /ith l(/ enforcement (


9/37

ATG ut 6ou Are White / Ki$% White eo&le 4ut

ThatFs Brrelevant Bt is not a question o whether or notwhite in"ivi"uals $an ally with so$ial movements its only

a question o whether they re'$enter the "is$ussionaroun" themselves li%e the #AllLivesMatter movementChri*ti(n iatt '1;'2(10The De(th of ord(n B()er (nd Wh0 IAll i2e*M(tterI !*n@t Eno5h$(ther th(n IBl(c) li2e* m(tter,I the0 (r5e, /e *hold *(0 7All lives matter+I o /h0 isthi*

ina&&ro&riateL There (re ( nmber of re(*on*, (ct(ll0+7 3irst , these $ries are "ire$t

res&onses to the loss o -la$% lives+ !t@* ( non2iolent cor%or(te re*%on*e to %o/er th(t/(* /ielded 2iolentl0+ !t@* ( re*%on*e to ( 6dici(l *0*tem th(t hi*toric(ll0 inc(rcer(te* bl(c) men (t ( r(te

*t(55erin5l0 hi5her th(n their /hite conter%(rt*, for the *(me crime*+ Bts a res&onse o a$ommunity $on"itione" to ear the very ones sworn to &rote$t them.ch 5rief, de*%(ir (nd hel%le**ne** dem(nd* ( re*%on*e from /ithin *+ WE MATTE$ i* ( c(ll to be

reco5ni=ed, 2(led (nd c(red for+7 =e$on" * there is no im&li$ation in the &hrase

7la$% lives matter7 that they matter any more than any other lives.

$(ther* its a res&onse to a so$ietal &henomenon that seems* i without

wor"s* to say those -la$% lives matter less . Bts a $all to nonviolent

resistan$e , in the *%irit of Sin5, K(ndhi, (nd e2en e**+7 Thir" , the $o'o&tin! o

7la$% lives matter7 into 7All lives matter7 tou$hes a "ee& histori$alnerve*of whi$h those with ra$ial &rivile!e may not -e aware+ Bt (* the old*(0in5 5oe*, i5nor(nce i* no eJc*e+ Kr(nted, the %r(ctice of *l(2er0 b0 me(n* of force i* no lon5er le5(lin or cltre, bt it h(* not *to%%ed the domin(nt cltre from t()in5 2(l(ble contribtion* to Americ(n*ociet0 (nd co-o%tin5 it, (d(%tin5 it (nd ite often %ro?tin5 5re(tl0 from it+ rom *cience (nd liter(tre to

the (rt* (nd entert(inment, the %(ttern i* /ell e*t(bli*hed+7=o its un"erstan"a-le iAri$an'Ameri$ans -ristle at the &erha&s well'inten"e" "esire o

others to $han!e their $all or equality an" ,usti$e into somethin!-roa"er, an" therefore, a-sent o its &arti$ular &oten$y or the

situation at han".7 $(ther th(n re*i*tin5 or tr0in5 to ch(n5e *ch crie*, there is an

o&&ortunity or those o us in histori$ally &rivile!e" an" &owerul&ositions in the $ulture to listen* learn an" -etter un"erstan" the

lon!in! -ehin" the wor"s. The res&onsi-ility is on us to hel& ma%e

room or su$h voi$es* to hel& am&liy them an" to use what &ower

an" &rivile!e we have to e+a$t the %in" o $han!e that , ltim(tel0

woul" lea" to a so$iety in whi$h $hants as 7la$% lives matter7

woul" no lon!er -e ne$essary.

White allies are !oo" as lon! as they arenFt $entraleatures o the movement

lie Wal%eri* ( Ne/ Yor)-b(*ed freel(nce 6orn(li*t M(rch 1 2(10#Bl(c)i2e*M(tter onder*& 3le(*e to% Co-o%tin5 Or H(*ht(5htt%&''///+theroot+com'(rticle*'cltre'1;''bl(c)li2e*m(tterfonder*%le(*e*to%coo%tin5orh(*ht(5+html


10/37

Me(n/hile, K(r=( *(id *he i* loo)in5 for more ]/hite co-con*%ir(tor*^ to hel%/ith ni?c(tion e


11/37

#la$%LivesMatter


12/37

ATG Bt Will e Coo&te"

Coo&tation is Brrelevant A""in! more voi$es is %ey toraisin! awareness* even i some o them are initially

"isin!enuousTheodore $+Hohnsoni* ( /riter, doctor(l c(ndid(te, (nd former WhiteHo*e ello/+ December 1 2(1)Don@t et IBl(c) i2e* M(tterI BecomeAnother !ce Bc)et Ch(llen5ehtt%&''///+ne/re%blic+com'(rticle'1;;'bl(c)-li2e*-m(tter-i-c(nt-bre(the-(re-not-neJt-ice-bc)et-ch(llen5e

77I! C(n4t Bre(theI i* not ( %romotion(l tool+ I la$% Lives Matter7 is not a motto +

IH(nd* U%, Don4t hootI i* not (n (d2erti*in5 c(tch%hr(*e+ These "e$laratives are &leasor ,usti$e. An" "ie'ins an" tra5$'"eyin! &rotests are serious&oliti$al a$tions* not merely &hoto o&s+ The mo2ement i* not for *(le or to /in%o%l(rit0 conte*t*+ 77Bt was inevita-le that la$% Lives Matter, once it bec(me/ide*%re(d,

woul" attra$t &eo&le who sim&ly want to -e a &art o aso$ial movement, /h(te2er it m(0 be+ ut even these -an"wa!on a$tivists

$an -e levera!e". The i$e -u$%et $hallen!e* ater all* -rou!ht in

I110 million or the AL= Asso$iation.7 7la$% Lives Matter is less

a-out raisin! money than raisin! awareness* $ontinuin! the "e-ate*

an" "eman"in! a$tion+ @ven i the movements less $ommitte"

&arti$i&ants are efe$tively ree a"vertisin!* their &resen$e $an

wi"en su&&ort . Bts a truism o $ivil "iso-e"ien$e that sometimes

quantity is a more &ersuasive ar!ument than reason.Bt the mo*t im%ort(ntch(r(cteri*tic i* (l/(0* %rit0 of con2iction+


13/37

Bm&a$t Car"s


14/37

=e+ton

(red=e+ton 2(1(F]_The Crt(in of the )04& An !ntrodction^ in Critic(l

ociolo50 11+ (red eJton, A**oci(te 3rofe**or of Afric(n-Americ(n*tdied (nd Critic(l Theor0 (t the UC-!r2ine mobGTo sufer the loss o &oliti$al soverei!nty, the e+&loitation o la-or, the"is&ossession o lan"an" resour$es is "e&lora-leE yet* we mi!ht sayin this li!ht that to sufer $oloniation is unenvia-le unless one isenslave".4ne may not -e ree* -ut one is at least not enslave" + More*im%l0, /e mi5ht *(0 of the coloni=ed& you may lose your motherlan"* -ut you willnot Jlose your motherFFH(rtm(n G+ The l(tter condition, the Jso$ial "eathFun"er whi$h %inshi& is "enie" entirely -y the or$e o law* isreserve" or the Jnatal alienationF an" J!enealo!i$al isolationF$hara$teriin! slavery+ Here i* Orl(ndo 3(tter*on, from hi* enc0clo%edic 1V9 l(2er0 (ndoci(l De(th& ! %refer the term _natal alienationF-e$ause it !oes "ire$tly to the

heart o what is $riti$al in the slaveFs or$e" alienation, the loss oties o -irth in -oth as$en"in! an" "es$en"in! !enerations + !t (l*o h(* theim%ort(nt n(nce of a loss o native status* o "era$ination+ !t /(* thi* (lien(tion ofthe *l(2e from (ll form(l, le5(ll0 enforce(ble tie* of _blood,4 (nd from (n0 (tt(chment to 5ro%* orloc(litie* other th(n tho*e cho*en for him P*icQ b0 the m(*ter, th(t 5(2e the rel(tion of *l(2er0 it* %ecli(r

2(le to the m(*ter+ The slave was the ultimate human tool, (* im&rinta-lean"as "is&osa-le as the master wishe"+ And thi* /(* tre, (t le(*t in theor0, of (ll*l(2e*, no m(tter ho/ ele2(ted+ F3(tter*on 1V9& `9G Tre even i elevate" -y the in$omean" ormal e"u$ationof the m0thic Americ(n middle cl(**, the celebrit0 of ( Holl0/ood icon,or the &oliti$al &osition o the so'$alle" Lea"er o the 3ree Worl" +. Thealienation an" isolation o the slave is not only verti$al* $an$elin!ties to &ast an" uture !enerations an" ren"erin! there-y the notiono J"es$en"ants o slavesF as a stri$t o+ymoron + Bt is(l*o ( horiontal

&rohi-ition, $an$elin! ties to the slaveFs $ontem&oraries(* /ell+;e"u$e" to a tool* the "era$ination o the slave, (* M(nnoni (nd (non e(chnote in their trn, is total, more un"amental even than the "is&la$ement othe $olonie"* whose status o-tains in a networ% o &erse$ute"human relations rather than in a $olle$tionor di*%er*(l of ( cl(** o thin!s+Crci(ll0, thi* tot(l der(cin(tion i* *trictl0 correl(ti2e to the _(b*olte *bmi**ion m(nd(ted b0 P*l(2eQ l(/4di*c**ed ri5oro*l0 in (idi0( H(rtm(n4* 1VV cene* of b6ection& the *l(2e e*t(te i* the mo*t %erfecteJ(m%le of the *%(ce of %rel0 form(l obedience de?nin5 the 6ri*diction(l ?eld of *o2erei5nt0 FA5(mbenG+ Bec(*e the forced *bmi**ion of the *l(2e i* (b*olte, (n0 *i5n* /h(t*oe2er of _re(*onin5 8intent (nd r(tion(lit04 (re Pi*Q reco5ni=ed_*olel0 in the conteJt of crimin(l li(bilit04+ Th(t i*, _the *l(2e4* /illPi*Q (c)no/led5ed onl0 (* it Pi*Q %rohibited or %ni*hed4 FH(rtm(n 1VV& 9, em%h(*i* (ddedG+ A crimin(l

/ill, ( crimin(l re(*onin5, ( crimin(l intent, ( crimin(l r(tion(lit0& /ith the*e erstwhile human$a&a$ities $onstrue" as in"i$es o $ul&a-ility -eore the law* even

the &otentiality o slave resistan$e is ren"ere" ille!itimate an"ille!i-le a &riori+ The di*(li?c(tion of bl(c) re*i*t(nce b0 the lo5ic of r(ci(l *l(2er0 i* notnrel(ted to the lon5*t(ndin5 cro**-r(ci(l %henomenon in /hich the /hite bor5eoi* (nd %rolet(ri(nre2oltion* on both *ide* of the Atl(ntic c(n (lle5ori=e them*el2e* (* re2olt* (5(in*t *l(2er0, /hile thehemi*%heric bl(c) *tr55le (5(in*t (ct(ll0 eJi*tin5 *l(2er0 c(nnot (thori=e it*elf liter(ll0 in tho*e *(meterm*+ The l(tter m*t code it*elf (* the (%otheo*i* of the rench (nd Americ(n re2oltion* F/ith theirtheme* of deo-Chri*ti(n deli2er(nceG or, l(ter, the $**i(n (nd Chine*e re2oltion* F/ith their theme* of*ecl(r me**i(nic tr(n*form(tionGor, l(ter *till, the bro(d (nti-coloni(l mo2ement* in Afric(, A*i(, (nd (tin

Americ( of the mid-th centr0 F/ith their theme* of indi5eno* recl(m(tion (nd ren(i**(nceG+; 4neofthe "e9nin!eatures o $ontem&orary &oliti$al an" intelle$tual $ulture


15/37

remains this meta&hori$ transer that a&&ro&riates -la$% suferin!as the tem&late or non'-la$% !rievan$es* while it misre$o!nies thesin!ularity o -la$% stru!!les a!ainst ra$ial slaveryan"/h(t oac W(c(ntc(ll* its Jun$tional surro!atesF or/h(t H(rtm(n term* its JaterlieF+ 3t di


16/37

e+termination in whole or in &art* an" the sin!ular $ommo"i9$ationo human -ein! &ursue" un"er ra$ial slavery* that stru$ture o!ratuitous violen$e in whi$h -o"ies are ren"ere" as esh to -ea$$umulate" an" e+$han!e".


17/37

ATG Terrorism :isa"


18/37

Terror Tal%

Terrorism is an irresolva-le anta!onism''the attem&t toera"i$ate evil an" &ro& u& an @m&ire o the !oo" $auses

terrorism to s&rin! u& elsewhereau"rillar" (1,JEAN BAUDRILLARD - THE SPIRIT OF TERRORISM TRANSLATED BY DR.RACHEL BLOUL LE MONDE November 2, 200!""#$%%&&&.e'(.e)*%+*"/%e1-b*)rr)%r"e(%"!e-(#r"-o+-"error(m%

I1 &/,it is the entire system that, b/ "( 1"er1 +r'"/,helps the initial action. The more the

system is globally concentrated to constitute ultimately only one network, the more it

becomes vulnerable at a single point3re)/ o1e ""e F#1o !4er !( (*ee)e), &"! !( #"o#, "o *1! "!e I ove /o* vr*( "!"&re4e) e1"re 1e"&or4(5. Here, e'!"ee1 3 "i+'huit 1 "!e "e6"5 4m47e(, "!ro*'! "!e b(o*"e rm "!" ( )e"! m*"#e) b/ "e!1oo' e++e1/, ("r" 'ob

"("ro#! #roe((.When the situation is thus monopolized by global power, when one deals with this

formidable condensation of all functions through technocratic machinery and absolute

ideological hegemony3#e1(ee *18*e5, what other way is there, than a terrorist reversal of

the situation3"er/ 9"r1(+er o+ ("*"o19$ m I "oo 1+*e1e) b/ er/ "r1("o1 ( 9rever(9:5:It is the system

itself that has created the objective conditions for this brutal distortion. By taking all the

cards to itself, it forces the ther to change the rules of the game . A1) "!e 1e& r*e( re +eroo*(,

be*(e "!e ("4e( re +eroo*(. To a system whose e!cess of power creates an unsolvable challenge,

terrorists respond by a definitive act that is also unanswerable. Terrorism is an act that

reintroduces an irreducible singularity in a generalized e!change system. "ny singularity

3&!e"!er (#ee(, 1)v)* or *"*re5, which has paid with its death for the setting up of a global

circuit dominated by a single power, is avenged today by this terrorist situational transfer.

Terror '1(" "error -- "!ere ( 1o more )eoo'/ be!1) "!". ;e re 1o& +r +rom )eoo'/ 1) #o"(.#o ideology, 1o *(e, not even an

Islamic cause, can account for the energy which feeds terror. It3e1er'/$ does not aim anymore

to change the world, it aims3( 1/ !ere(/ 1 "( "me5 to radicalize it through sacrifice, while the

system aims to realize %the world$ through force. Terrorism,4e vr*(,is everywhere.

Immersed globally, terrorism, like the shadow of any system of domination, is ready

everywhere to emerge as a double agent. There is no boundary to define it& it is in the very

core of this culture that fights it- 1) "!e v(be (!(m 31) !"re)5 "!" o##o(e(,on a global level, the

e!ploited and the underdeveloped against the Western world, is secretly linked to the

internal fracture of the dominant system. The latter can face any visible antagonism. But

with terrorism -- 1) "( vr ("r*"*re --,( + ever/ )om1"o1 ##r"*( &ere re"1' "( o&1 1"bo)/, "!e !em("r/ o+ "( o&1 )(##er1e< '1(" "!(

mo(" *"om" rever( o+ "( o&1 #*((1e,the system is powerless. "nd terrorism is the shockwave of this

silent reversal. Thus, it is no shock of civilizations, o+ re'o1(,and it goes much beyond Islam

and "merica, on which one attempts to focus the conflict to give the illusion of a visible

conflict and o+ 1 ""1besolution %through force$. It certainly is a fundamental antagonism,

b*" o1e &!! (!o&(,through the spectrum of "merica3&!! m/be b/ "(e+ "!e e#e1"re b*" 1o" "!e embo)me1"

o+ 'ob7"o15and through the spectrum of Islam3&!! ( o1ver(e/ 1o" "!e embo)me1" o+ "error(m5,triumphant globalization fighting with itself. In this way it is indeed a World War, not the

third one, but the fourth 1) o1/ "r*/ ;or) ;r,as it has as stakes globalization itself.T!e +r(" " &o ;or);r( &ere (( &r(. T!e +r(" e1)e) E*ro#e1 (*#rem/ 1) "!e oo1 er. T!e (eo1) e1)e) N7(m. T!e "!r), &!! )) !##e1, ( )((*(ve Co) ;r, e1)e)omm*1(m. From o1e &r "o "!e o"!er, o1e &e1" +*r"!er e! "me "o&r) *18*e &or) or)er. To)/ "!e ""er, vr"*/ om#(!e), ( o1+ro1"e) b/ 1"'o1(" +ore(,)++*(e) 1 "!e ver/ !er" o+ "!e 'ob, 1 "( "* o1v*(o1(. Fr" &r 1 &!! e(, (1'*r"e( revo" ( 1"bo)e( )o. I" ( o1+" (o *1+"!ombe "!", +rom

"me "o "me, o1e m*(" #re(erve "!e )e o+ &r "!ro*'! (#e"*r #ro)*"o1( (*! ( "!e =*+ 3#ro)*"o15 1) "o)/ A+'!1("19(. B*" "!e +o*r"! ;or) ;r ( e(e&!ere.It

is that which haunts every global order, every hegemonic domination& 'if Islam dominated

the world, terrorism would fight against it. (or it is the world itself which resists

domination.Terror(m ( mmor. T!e eve1" o+ "!e ;or) Tr)e Ce1"er, "!( (/mbo !e1'e ( mmor, 1) " 1(&er( 'ob7"o1 "!" ( mmor. T!e1 e" *(
http://www.egs.edu/faculty/jean-baudrillard/articles/the-spirit-of-terrorism/http://www.egs.edu/faculty/jean-baudrillard/articles/the-spirit-of-terrorism/http://www.egs.edu/faculty/jean-baudrillard/articles/the-spirit-of-terrorism/http://www.egs.edu/faculty/jean-baudrillard/articles/the-spirit-of-terrorism/


19/37

be mmor o*r(eve( 1), + &e &1" "o *1)er("1) (ome"!1', e" *( 'o (ome&!" be/o1) =oo) 1) Ev. A( &e !ve, +or o1e, 1 eve1" "!" !e1'e( 1o" o1/ mor(, b*"ever/ 1"er#re""o1, e" *( "r/ "o !ve "!e 1"e'e1e o+ Ev.

T!e r* #o1" ( #re(e/ "!ere$ 1 "!( "o" o*1"er-me11' "o =oo) 1) Ev 1 ;e("er1 #!o(o#!/, "!e

#!o(o#!/ o+ E1'!"e1me1".We naively believe that the progress of the )ood, its rise in all domains

%(e1e(, techni*ues, democracy, human rights$correspond to a defeat of +vil.Nobo)/ (eem( "o

*1)er("1) "!")ood and +vil rise simultaneously, and in the same movement. The triumph of the

ne does not produce the erasure of the ther . Me"#!/(/, o1e o1()er( Ev ( 1 )e1", b*" "!( 6om, embe))e) 1

m1!e1 +'!"( o+ =oo) '1(" Ev, ( *(or/.)ood does not reduce +vil, nor vice'versa there are both

irreducible, 1) 1e6"rbe from each other.I1 +", )ood could defeat +vil only by renouncingitself, as by appropriating a global power monopoly, it creates a response of proportional

violence.


20/37

ATG Cs


21/37

il!in

their &ro$ess $ounter&lan $anFt $a&ture the &erormative$ritique o the 1AC. 4ur $riti$ism is a &re'requisite to

&reventin! &oli$y ailure o$usin! solely on &oli$ysolutions lea"s to -low-a$% an" turns their ofenseil!in ) F3in(r Bil5in i* ( 3rofe**or of !ntern(tion(l $el(tion* (t Bil)entUni2er*it0, ., $e5ion(l ecrit0 in the Middle E(*t %+ -GCh(%ter be5(n b0 %re*entin5 ( critic(l *ecrit0 %er*%ecti2e on thin)in5 (bot the ftre+ Here ! tili*ed Bec)@* (r5ment

re5(rdin5 @thre(t* to the ftre4 to m()e t/o interrel(ted %oint*+ ir*t, it /(* (r5ed th(t it i* onl0 b0thin)in5 (nd /ritin5 (bot the ftre th(t one cold r(i*e (ctor*@ (/(rene**(* to @thre(t* to the ftre@, /h(t ftre otcome* m(0 re*lt, (nd /h(t need* to be done in order to%re2ent them+ econd, the ch(%ter *55e*ted th(t, (* )no/led5e (bot the ftre both *h(%e* (nd con*tr(in* %r(ctice*,

thereb0 hel%in5 con*titte the ftre,(n *1r" )o#"o1o+ e6("1' >41o&e)'e%rodced b0%re2(ilin5 di*cor*e* - tho*e th(t !ve bee1 om#" 1 #er#e"*"1' re'o1 1(e*r"/ 1"!e M))e E("-cold in it*elf be con*tred (* ( @thre(t to the ftre@!ndeed, 5i2en the conce%tion of theor0 +(do%ted b0 *tdent* of critic(l (%%ro(che* to *ecrit0 Fth(t theor0 i* con*titti2e

of the @re(lit0@ it *ee)* to eJ%l(inG it i* 2it(l th(t it* %ro%onent* do not limit their thin)in5 to @de*ired@ ftre*, bt (l*ocritici*e eJi*tin5 )no/led5e (bot the ftre th(t inform* (ctor*@ %r(ctice* in (n often nthin)in5 m(nner+ The l(tter t(*)/(* t()en % in the follo/in5 *ection of the ch(%ter, /hich loo)ed (t other %l(*ible ftre* (nd their %otenti(l %r(ctic(lim%lic(tion* /ithin the Middle E(*tern conteJt+ The*e /ere 5lob(li*(tion, fr(5ment(tion, @cl(*h of ci2ili=(tion*@ (nddemocr(tic %e(ce+ !t /(* (r5ed th(t tho*e /ho %re*ent the ftre of /orld %olitic* (* one of incre(*in5 5lob(li*(tion tre(tthe *e(rch for re5ion(l *ecrit0 (* ( *ide e


22/37

F/ho m(0 or m(0 not be (/(re of their %otenti(l to m()e ( ch(n5eG m(0 con*titte them*el2e* (*(5ent* of *ecrit0, /hen %re*ented /ith (n (ltern(ti2e re(din5 of their *it(tion +

Thin)in5 (bot the ftre become* e2en more crci(l once theor0 i* conce%t(li*ed (* con*titti2e of the @re(lit0@ it *ee)*

to re*%ond to+ !n other /ord*, or ide(* (bot the ftre - or con6ectre* (nd %ro5no*e*-h(2e ( *elf-con*titti2e %otenti(l+ ;!"the ("*)e1"( of Cold W(r ecrit0 tdie*o1()er

( more 9re("9 #"*re o+ "!e +*"*re beome( 9re9 "!ro*'! #r"e,(lbeit nder

circm*t(nce* inherited from the %(*t+Thin)in5 (bot /h(t ( @de*ired@ ftre /old loo)li)e i* *i5ni?c(nt for the 2er0 *(me re(*on th(t i*, in order to be (ble to trnit into ( @re(lit0@ thro5h (do%tin5 em(nci%(tor0 %r(ctice* + or, h(2in5 ( 2i*ion of ( +++++@de*ired@ ftre em%o/er* %eo%leF*G in the %re*ent+

3re*entin5 %ictre* of /h(t ( @de*ired@ ftre mi5ht loo) li)e, (nd %ointin5 to the *ecrit0commnit0(%%ro(ch (* the*t(rt of ( %(th th(tcold t()e * from (n in*ecre %(*t to ( more *ecre ftre i* not to *55e*t th(t the cre(tion of ( *ecrit0 commnit0 i* themo*t li)el0 otcome+ On the contr(r0, the d0(nic* %ointed to thro5hot the boo) indic(te th(t there eJi*t* ( %otenti(l for de*cent into ch(o* if no (ction i* t()en to %re2ent milit(ri*(tion (nd fr(5ment(tion of*ocietie*, (nd the m(r5in(li*(tion of %eo%le* (* /ell (* economie* in (n incre(*in5l0 5lob(li=in5 /orld+ Ho/e2er, the*e d0n(mic* eJi*t (* thre(t* to the ftre@ to *e Bec)@* terminolo50 (nd onl0 b0 thin)in5 (nd/ritin5 (bot them th(t c(n one mobili*e %re2enti2e (ction to be t()en ill ?le %re*ent+ "ie/ed (* *ch, critic(l (%%ro(che* %re*ent not (n @o%timi*tic@, bt ( more @re(li*tic@ %ictre of the ftre+ Con*iderin5 ho/ the@re(li*m@ of Cold W(r ecrit0 tdie* f(iled not onl0 /hen 6d5ed b0 i t* o/n *t(nd(rd*, b0 f(ilin5 to %ro2ide (n (de(te eJ%l(n(tion of the /orld @ot there@, bt (l*o /hen 6d5ed b0 the *t(nd(rd* of Critic(l(%%ro(che*, (* it /(* (r5ed, it cold be conclded th(t there i* ( need for more @re(li*tic@ (%%ro(che* to re5ion(l *ecrit0 in theor0 (nd %r(ctice+

The fore5oin5 *55e*t* three bro(d concl*ion*+ ir*t, Cold W(r ecrit0 tdie* did not %re*ent ?le @re(li*tic@ %ictre it %r%orted to %ro2ide+ On the contr(r0, the %ro-*t(t* o le(nin5* of the Cold W(r *ecrit0di*cor*e f(iled to (llo/ for Flet (lone fore*eeG ch(n5e* *ch (* the end of the Cold W(r, di**oltion of *ome *t(te* (nd inte5r(tion of *ome other*+ econd, not/ith*t(ndin5 the im%ort(nt inro(d* critic(l (%%ro(che*

to *ecrit0 m(de in ?le %o*t-Cold W(r er(, mch tr(dition(li*t thin)in5 rem(in* (nd m(int(in* it* 5ri% o2er the *ecrit0 %r(ctice* of m(n0 (ctor*+ Third,critic(l (%%ro(che*o


23/37

)e)e &!e"!er "!e/ &1" "o be 'e1"(of ( /orld 2ie/ th(t %rodce* more o+ "!e (me,thereb0 contribtin5 to/(rd* ( @thre(t to the ftre@, or o+ "er1"ve +*"*re(th(ttr0 to (ddre** the mlti%le dimen*ion* of re5ion(l in*ecrit0+ The choice i* not onebet/een %re*entin5 ( more @o%timi*tic@ or @%e**imi*tic@ 2i*ion of the ftre, bt bet/een *tmblin5 into the ftreeJ%ectin5 more of the *(me, or *te%%in5 into ( ftre ei%%ed /ith ( %er*%ecti2e th(t not onl0 h(* ( conce%tion of (

@de*ired@ ft#e bt i* (l*o co5ni*(nt of @thre(t* to the ftre.


24/37

Movements Ne!


25/37

#la$%LivesMatter


26/37

Alrea"y een Coo&te"

#la$%LivesMatter has alrea"y -een $oo&te" there is noim&a$t to the movement

Arielle Newton, Editor-in-Chief December 1, 2(1)WHAT YOU MEAN BY#A!"EMATTE$ htt%&''bl(c)millenni(l*+com'1.'1'1'/h(t-0o-me(n-b0-(llli2e*m(tter'ollo/in5 the de(th of Tr(02on M(rtin, three *elf-identi?ed Bl(c) eer /omen cre(ted #Bl(c)i2e*M(tter+Alici( K(r=(, 3(tri**e Cllor*, (nd O%(l Tometi 5(2e birth ( *oci(l medi( c(ll to (ction, /here %eo%le from(ll demo5r(%hic* (nd /(l)* of life hone in on the ob2io* trth th(t the crimin(li=(tion of Bl(c)ne** i*

entert(ined (* 6*t (nd (cce%t(ble+7Alici( K(r=( %enned ]A Her*tor0 of the #la$%LivesMatter

Mo2ement+^ !n it, *he %oi5n(ntl0 *ho/c(*e* ho/ the l(bor of Bl(c) KBT /omen has -een

shamelessly hi,a$%e" -y others who &romote various a"a&tations

an" re$reations o thenece**(r0 hashta!+ K(r=( det(il* ho/ a num-er oor!aniations $urtaile" the herstory -ehin" #la$%LivesMatter, an"in*te(d use" some orm o the e+&ression without !ivin! $re"it.7

]=trai!ht men* unintentionally or intentionally* have ta%en the wor%o queer la$% women an" erase" our $ontri-utions + 3erh(%* if /e /ere thech(ri*m(tic Bl(c) men m(n0 (re r(ll0in5 (rond the*e d(0*, it /old h(2e been ( di


27/37

$omin! to!ether* an" what ha&&ens is that -la$% ol%s !et erase"rom the $onversation.D

No Bm&a$t to #la$%LivesMatter B the thesis o whitesu&rema$y is true* it will sto& the ra"i$al &otential o themovementB0 N(6i Mu,ahi", on M(0 ;th, 2(10Bl(c) i2e* M(tter lo5(n !*Under*t(nd(ble, Bt !* it tron5 Eno5hLhtt%&''///+5r(**root*dc+or5'1;';'bl(c)-li2e*-m(tter-*lo5(n-i*-nder*t(nd(ble-bt-i*-it-*tron5-eno5h'! he(rd *omeone *e the term _BM4 tod(0 in reference to ]Bl(c) i2e* M(tter^+ or ( ic) moment ! /(*conf*ed bec(*e When ! he(rd BM, ! tho5ht of the ]Bl(c) iber(tion Mo2ement^+ !t m(de me thin) ofthe %(**i2e l(n5(5e bein5 *ed recentl0+ i)e ]H(nd* U%, Don4t hoot^ Altho5h ! ne2er li)ed it, ! o%tednot to critici=e thi* %blicl0 bec(*e it /(* or5(nic (nd *%e()in5 to the fr*tr(tion of thi* crrent

5ener(tion of (cti2i*t*+ Ho/e2er, to me, ]la$% Lives MatterD soun"s li%e whinin!an" 8an"s ?&* :onFt =hootOD soun"s li%e surren"er.7! commend %eo%le fortheir (ction* (nd 2oice* drin5 thi* time, bt ! encor(5e %eo%le to be mindfl of their choice of /ord*+

The slo!an la$% Lives MatterD , /hile tre * is wea%+ BtFs a &lea or

re$o!nition + BtFs an a&&eal o the &owerless to the $ons$ien$e o the&owerul.We42e been do/n thi* ro(d before+ White su&rema$y "oesnFt have a

$ons$ien$e+ Therefore, la$% Lives MatterD is a $all that alls on "ea

ears + Hence, for in*t(nce, the conter-*lo5(n of ]All i2e* M(tter^ /hich onl0 *er2e* to dilte theme**(5e+7The Bl(c) iber(tion Mo2ement /(* not ( %le( or (n (%%e(l+ !t /(* (n (ction of *elf-determin(tion+ !t4* %o/er c(me not from the *ociet0 (t-l(r5e reco5ni=in5 it4* eJi*tence or le5itim(c0, btfrom the commitment of tho*e in2ol2ed, no m(tter ho/ fe/, to ?5ht for freedom /ithin ( *ociet0 th(t h(*been con*i*tent in it4* %(tholo5ic(l r(ci*m+7]The limit* of t0r(nt* (re %ro*cribed b0 the endr(nce of tho*e/hom the0 o%%re**8 !f /e e2er 5et free from the o%%re**ion* (nd /ron5* he(%ed %on *, /e m*t %(0for their remo2(l+ We m*t do thi* b0 l(bor, b0 *


28/37

&rotest are stea"ily -ein! $o'o&te" -y the so$ial'me"ia masses ,wherein &o&ularity su&&lants soli"arity as the motivation or some&arti$i&ants. 7At the hei!ht o the i$e -u$%et $rae* a hi!h s$hool$lassmated(red me to *b6ect m0*elf to the free=in5 b(%ti*m+ The ch(llen5e /(* (n in5enio*%romotion(l tool em%lo0ed Fbt not in2entedG b0 the non%ro?t A A**oci(tion to r(i*e mone0 for re*e(rchinto o Kehri54* di*e(*e+ ! (cce%ted m0 friend@* d(re, (nd told him ! /old doble hi* don(tion to/(rd

comb(tin5 (m0otro%hic l(ter(l *clero*i*+ He h(d no cle /h(t ! /(* t(l)in5 (bot+ He "i" the$hallen!e -e$ause it was &o&ular* not to su&&ort some "isease. 7=imilarly* to"ay there are $ountless vi"eos o &eo&le>con5re**ion(l member*(nd *t(wal%in! with theirhan"s u& or sta!in! "ie'ins on our television s$reens+ 3rofe**ion(l (thlete*(nd celebritie* h(2e donned t-*hirt* embl(=oned /ith the l(*t /ord* of Eric K(rner, (n n(rmed bl(c) m(n

cho)ed to de(th b0 ( %olice ocer for *ellin5 ci5(rette*& ]! C(n4t Bre(the+^7The ra&i" s&rea" o#la$%LivesMatter* -uilt -y a new !eneration o a$tivists rather thanle!a$y $ivil ri!hts lea"ers* is nothin! short o revolutionary+ With onl0 the%o/er of their me**(5e, *tren5th of con2iction, (nd *oci(l medi(, the*e 0on5 bl(c) le(der* h(2einno2(ted (nd %ioneered ( ne/ form of 5r(**root* mo2ement, the li)e* of /hich or n(tion h(* ne2er*een+ The mo2ement h(* i5nited ( n(tion(l deb(te (bot ho/ or *ociet0 5ener(ll0, (nd %olice *%eci?c(ll0,tre(t 0on5 bl(c) Americ(n*+ 7The re*ltin5 2ir(lit0 i* not entirel0 ( cr*e+ ! do not dobt the *incerit0 of

the (thlete* (nd celebritie* /ho h(2e 6oined the c(*e+ Bt with their attention $omesthose who loo% to &ersonally &ro9t rom the momentum o themovement+ And /e m*t be cert(in to 5(rd (5(in*t the diltion of the core me**(5e b0 %o%-cltre+7la$% Lives Matter has $au!ht the eye o some who are "eta$he"su&&liers at -est* an" "isin!enuous &ro9teers at worst.Loo%in! tomeet the "eman" o &rotesters who want to -e $lothe" in themovementFs mantras* $ountless ven"ors are sellin! B CanFtreatheD t'shirts+ Most o these sellers are not "onatin! &ro$ee"s tothe movement or any other $harity* an" it turns out some o theshirts were $reate" in inhumane wor%sho&s in 8aiti+ Once (5(in, bl(c)*


29/37

Counter'Terrorism A"vanta!e


30/37

Af =olven$y


31/37

Too Mu$h Bntel

3usion CentersF em&hasis on "ata $olle$tion $reates anee" in the haysta$% s$enario that ma%es the

i"enti9$ation an" &revention o terror threats im&ossi-le revertin! to ol" anti'terror metho"s is %eyWashin!tonslo! M(0 , 2(10b0 NA Admit* !t Collect* Too MUCH!nfo to to% Terror Att(c)*htt%&''///+/(*hin5ton*blo5+com'1;';'n*(-(dmit*-it-collect*-too-mch-info-to-*to%-terror-(tt(c)*+html

To& se$urity e+&erts a!ree that mass surveillan$e is inefe$tive 8

an" (ct(ll0 ma%es us M4;@ vulnera-le to terrorism. 7or eJ(m%le, the

ormer hea" o the N=AFs !lo-al intelli!en$e !atherin! o&erations

ill inney says that the mass surveillan$e BNT@;3@;@= with the

!overnmentFs a-ility to $at$h -a" !uys , an" that the !overnmentaile" to sto& Q/11* the oston om-in!* the Te+as shootin!s an"other terror atta$%s is -e$ause it was overwhelme" with "ata rommass surveillan$e on Ameri$ans.7Binne0 told W(*hin5ton4* Blo5&7A 5ood de(l of the f(ilre i*, in

m0 o%inion, de to bl) d(t(+ o, ! (m c(llin5 (ll the*e (tt(c)* ( re*lt of ]D(t( bl) f(ilre+^ Too mu$h "ata

an" too many &eo&le or the 1('2( thousan" analysts to ollow. im%le(* th(t+ E*%eci(ll0 /hen the0 m()e /ord m(tch %ll* Fli)e Koo5leG (nd 5et dm%* of d(t( *elected from clo*e to . billion

%eo%le+7This is the same &ro-lem N=A ha" -eore Q/11. The0 h(d d(t( th(t coldh(2e %re2ented V'11 bt did not )no/ the0 h(d it in their d(t( b(*e*+ Thi* b(c) then /hen the bl) collection /(* not

5oin5 on+ Now the &ro-lem is or"ers o ma!nitu"e !reater + $e*lt, it4* h(rder to*cceed+7EJ%ect more of the *(me from or delded 5o2ernment th(t thin)* more d(t( im%ro2e* %o**ibilitie* of *cce**+All thi* bl) d(t( collection (nd *tor(5e doe* 5i2e l(/ enforcement ( 5re(t c(%(bilit0 to retro(cti2el0 (n(l0=e (n0one the0/(nt+ Bt, of cor*e,th(t d(t( c(nnot be *ed in cort *ince it /(* not (cired /ith ( /(rr(nt+7Binne0 (nd other hi5h-

le2el NA /hi*tleblo/er* noted l(*t 0e(r&7On December , for eJ(m%le, The W(ll treet orn(l %bli*hed ( len5th0front-%(5e (rticle, otin5 NA4* former enior Technic(l Director Willi(m Binne0 Fnder*i5nedG (nd former chief of NA4*!K!NT Atom(tion $e*e(rch Center Ed/(rd oomi* Fnder*i5nedG /(rnin5 th(t NA i* dro/nin5 in *ele** d(t( l(c)in5(de(te %ri2(c0 %ro2i*ion*, to the %oint /here it c(nnot condct e


32/37

ATG The lan Causes Tur WarsD

The Ar!ument that the &lan results in tur warsD-etween intelli!en$e a!en$ies is a non'starter ' there are

&ro$e"ures in &la$e or intel sharin! on le!itimate threats its only a question o whether or not we $an &ro$ess thatinormationb0 W(*hin5ton*Blo5 in (n inter2ie/ /ith Thom(* :ra%e, former *enior NAeJecti2e, ne 1, 2(1) enior NA EJecti2e DEMO!HE !ntelli5enceA5encie*4 EJc*e for V'11 htt%&''///+/(*hin5ton*blo5+com'1.''*enior-n*(-m(n(5er-demoli*he*-intelli5ence-(5encie*-eJc*e-V11+htmlThe ?.=. !overnment &reten"e" that Q/11 was unoreseea-le.7ut

overwhelmin! evi"en$e shows that Q/11 was oreseea-le + !ndeed, Al (ed( cr(*hin5

%l(ne* into the World Tr(de Center (nd the 3ent(5on /(* it*elf fore*ee(ble+7The all-a$% !overnment &osition isthat the &ro-lem was that intelli!en$e a!en$ies were &rohi-ite" -y

law rom sharin! intelli!en$e* -e$ause there was a Chinese WallD&ut u& -etween a!en$iesfoc*in5 on forei5n (nd dome*tic thre(t*+7Washin!tonFs lo! s&o%ewith senior N=A e+e$utive Thomas :ra%e a-out this $laim.7V'11 /(* Dr()e4* ?r*td(0 on the 6ob (t the NA+ Dr()e /(* t(*)ed /ith in2e*ti5(tin5 /h(t intelli5ence NA h(d on the V'11 %lot, in order to docment th(t V'11 /(*n4t NA4* f(lt+ Ho/e2er,

Dr()e di*co2ered th(t NA h(d ( lot of inform(tion on the hi6(c)er*, (nd cold h(2e *to%%ed V'11 h(d it *h(red it* d(t( /ith other intelli5ence (5encie*+7Dr()e4* NAbo**e* didn4t li)e th(t (n*/er, *o the0 remo2ed Dr()e from hi* t(*) of bein5 the NA4* in2e*ti5(tor (nd *%o)e*m(n re5(rdin5 V'11+ 7Here4* /h(t Dr()e told *+7

WAH!NKTON4 BOK& A lot o &eo&le -lame a Chinese WallD -etween orei!nintelli!en$e a$tivities an" "omesti$ intelli!en$e a$tivities or not

sharin! the &re'Q/11 "ata.7THOMA D$ASE& That is a $om&letely alse wall.D

Bt was essentially to &rote$t the status quo , or /h(t the0 c(ll ]eitie*+^7!t4* not tre (t (ll+7WAH!NKTON4 BOK& W(* it ( trf /(rL7THOMA D$ASE& Ye*, it4* %(rtl0 th(t+ eo&le have this i"ea that the!overnment is all &owerul, (ll-)no/in5, (nd e2er0bod0 i* in le(5e /ith e(ch other+7ThatFs not true+ !n f(ct` in thi* *%(ce ` 0o more often th(n not ?nd (5encie* (t /(r /ith e(ch other, e


33/37

Terror Atta$%s Comin!


34/37

Comin! in a New 6ear

Nu$lear Terror in a 6ear They 8ave the Means an"Motivation

ressTU; 2(10orei5n 3olic0 Mon M(0 ;, 1; !! %l(nnin5 _ncle(r(tt(c) in*ide U neJt 0e(r4& $e%orthtt%&''///+%re**t2+ir'Det(il'1;';';'.1;1'!!-ncle(r-(tt(c)-U-neJt-0e(r-re%ortThe B=BL terrorist !rou& $laims that it has enou!h money to -uy anu$lear wea&on rom a%istan an" $arry out an atta$% insi"e the?nited =t(te* ne+t year.7The 5ro% *(id in (n (rticle in it* En5li*h-l(n5(5e online m(5(=ine D(bith(t the wea&on $oul" -e smu!!le" into the ?nited =t(te* via its southern-or"er with Me+i$o+7Briti*h 6orn(li*t ohn C(ntlie /rote in the (rticle B=BL has -illionso "ollars in the -an%* so they $all on their /il(0(h Frovin$e ina%istan to &ur$hase a nu$lear "evi$e throu!h wea&ons "ealers withlin%s to $orru&t o5$ials in the re!ion+^7The wea&on is then

trans&orte" overlan" until it ma%es it to Li-ya* where the mu,ahi"inmove it south to Ni!eria,^ the 6orn(li*t *(id+7He (dded th(t ]"ru! shi&mentsrom Colum-ia -oun" or @uro&e &ass throu!h West Ari$a* somovin! other ty&es o $ontra-an" rom @ast to West is ,ust as&ossi-le+^7C(ntlie contined the /e(%on (nd (ccom%(n0in5 r(dic(l* /old then mo2e % thro5hCentr(l Americ( (nd MeJico before enterin5 the U+7I3rom there its a qui$% ho&throu!h a smu!!lin! tunnel an" hey &resto* theyre min!lin! withanother 12 million ille!al aliens in Ameri$a with a nu$lear -om- inthe trun%,I he /rote+7I3erh(%* *ch ( *cen(rio i* f(r-fetched bt it@* the *m of (ll fe(r* for We*tern

intelli5ence (5encie* (nd its in9nitely more &ossi-le to"ay than it was ,ust

one year a!o ,^ C(ntlie *(id+


35/37

3issile Material


36/37

Terrorists Alrea"y 8ave the Material

Lawless Vones in Braq Ma%es A$quisition Li%elyAd(m Kre"oe%tember ;, 2(1)U++ e(r* !! m55lin5 Ncle(r (nd

$(dio(cti2e M(teri(l* htt%&''freebe(con+com'n(tion(l-*ecrit0'-*-fe(r*-i*il-*m55lin5-ncle(r-(nd-r(dio(cti2e-m(teri(l*'U++ (nd !r(i (thoritie* h(2e 6ointl0 r(m%ed % their e


37/37

ATG Cant et it 4ut o Braq

=tealin! 3issile Material Woul" e @asyAd(m Kre"oe%tember ;, 2(1)U++ e(r* !! m55lin5 Ncle(r (nd

$(dio(cti2e M(teri(l* htt%&''freebe(con+com'n(tion(l-*ecrit0'-*-fe(r*-i*il-*m55lin5-ncle(r-(nd-r(dio(cti2e-m(teri(l*'The concern i* th(t sensitive materials $oul" -e smu!!le" outsi"e o Braqan" &otentially use" -y e+tremists.7]ThereFs always a $on$ern a-outra"iolo!i$al or ra"ioa$tive sour$es,^ *(id ( t(te De%(rtment oci(l /ho /old onl0di*c** the i**e on b(c)5rond+7While the ?nited =t(te* is not aware o any c(*e* ofthe*e t0%e* of material -ein! smu!!le"ot of the contr0 thus ar*DB=BL $oul"&otentially use ra"ioa$tive materials oun" in hos&itals an" someme"i$al "evi$es to $reate a $ru"e -om-, the oci(l *(id+

?n"is$overe" ;outes Ma%e =mu!!lin! =u$$essulAd(m Kre"oe%tember ;, 2(1)U++ e(r* !! m55lin5 Ncle(r (nd

$(dio(cti2e M(teri(l* htt%&''freebe(con+com'n(tion(l-*ecrit0'-*-fe(r*-i*il-*m55lin5-ncle(r-(nd-r(dio(cti2e-m(teri(l*'Con$ern a-out these materials sli&&in! into the wron! han"s seemsto have -e$ome more &ressin! or the ?nited =t(te* (nd !r( in recent month* asB=BL !ains $ontrol o more Braqi territory* mainly in the northern an"$entral &arts o the $ountry, incldin5 Mo*l (nd (ll6(+7There are some$on$erns a-out the rule o law an" se$urity $ontrol in &arts o the$ountry, that they $anFt ne$essarily $ontrol /h(t4* 5oin5 thro5h the04re territor0,P(ndQ *ddenl0, e2en tho5h /e h(2en4t *een r(dio(cti2e or ncle(r *m55lin5, thereFs a$on$ern that i youFre a smu!!ler rom the Mi""le @ast* or rom theCau$asus* or Central Asia* youF" have a new smu!!lin! route youmi!ht want to avail yoursel o,^ (ccordin5 to the t(te De%(rtment oci(l+

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