fungi and other kingdoms · the monera, protist and fungus kingdom the monera, protist and fungus...

Natural Science Year 6 – Unit 6 Fungi and other kingdoms Fungi and other kingdoms Living things classification Living things are classified into five kingdoms: Monera, Protist, Fungus, Plant and Animal. Each group shares specific characteristics which differentiate them from other groups. Monera Kingdom. Organisms in this kingdom are always unicellular: they have no nucleus or organelles in their cell’s cytoplasm. Bacteria belong to this group. Protist Kingdom. Organisms in this kingdom are more complex: they have a nucleus and organelles in their cytoplasm and often have moving parts so they can propel themselves. Fungus Kingdom. Organisms in this kingdom are more sophisticated. Fungi are often (but not always) multicellular and they absorb nutrients from their host. Plant Kingdom. Organisms in this kingdom are all multicellular. Plants make their own food through photosynthesis. They can be divided into flowering and non-flowering plants, depending on how they reproduce. Animal Kingdom. Organisms in this kingdom are all multicellular. Animals get energy by consuming other organisms. They are divided into vertebrate and invertebrate animals, depending on their body structure. The Monera, Protist and Fungus Kingdom The Monera, Protist and Fungus Kingdom include millions of microorganisms which can be found everywhere on the planet, from the bottom of the deepest ocean to the high parts of the atmosphere. Some are very simple organisms; other are highly complex. The Monera Kingdom • Organisms in this kingdom are all unicellular. • They are prokaryotic, which means they have no separate nucleus. • The reproduce asexually. • They are found in all environments, including inside our bodies. • Bacteria are the largest group in the Monera Kingdom. • Bacteria can cause illnesses but are also used in the process of fermentation and decomposition. Viruses Viruses are much smaller than cells, they do not belong in any of the five kingdoms because they do not have the characteristics all living things share. However, they do reproduce and to do this they need to invade cells. When a virus invades a cell, it uses the cell to make copies of itself. Eventually the cell bursts and the copies of the virus spread to other cells. The Protist Kingdom • Organisms in this kingdom can be unicellular or multicellular. • They are eukaryotic which means they have a nucleus which contains genetic material. • Protists are usually found in water or damp environments. • Some protists have chlorophyll and can produce their own food through photosynthesis: others absorb food from their environment. • Some protists have feelers or tails which they use to move about. • Algae and amoebae belong to the Protist Kingdom.

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NaturalScienceYear6–Unit6Fungiandotherkingdoms

Fungiandotherkingdoms

LivingthingsclassificationLivingthingsareclassifiedintofivekingdoms:Monera,Protist,Fungus,PlantandAnimal.Eachgroupsharesspecificcharacteristicswhichdifferentiatethemfromothergroups.MoneraKingdom.Organismsinthiskingdomarealwaysunicellular:theyhavenonucleusororganellesintheircell’scytoplasm.Bacteriabelongtothisgroup.ProtistKingdom.Organismsinthiskingdomaremorecomplex:theyhaveanucleusandorganellesintheircytoplasmandoftenhavemovingpartssotheycanpropelthemselves.FungusKingdom.Organismsinthiskingdomaremoresophisticated.Fungiareoften(butnotalways)multicellularandtheyabsorbnutrientsfromtheirhost.PlantKingdom.Organismsinthiskingdomareallmulticellular.Plantsmaketheirownfoodthroughphotosynthesis.Theycanbedividedintofloweringandnon-floweringplants,dependingonhowtheyreproduce.AnimalKingdom.Organismsinthiskingdomareallmulticellular.Animalsgetenergybyconsumingotherorganisms.Theyaredividedintovertebrateandinvertebrateanimals,dependingontheirbodystructure.

TheMonera,ProtistandFungusKingdomTheMonera,ProtistandFungusKingdomincludemillionsofmicroorganismswhichcanbefoundeverywhereontheplanet,fromthebottomofthedeepestoceantothehighpartsoftheatmosphere.Someareverysimpleorganisms;otherarehighlycomplex.

TheMoneraKingdom• Organismsinthiskingdomareallunicellular.• Theyareprokaryotic,whichmeanstheyhavenoseparatenucleus.• Thereproduceasexually.• Theyarefoundinallenvironments,includinginsideourbodies.• BacteriaarethelargestgroupintheMoneraKingdom.• Bacteriacancauseillnessesbutarealsousedintheprocessof

fermentationanddecomposition.VirusesVirusesaremuchsmallerthancells,theydonotbelonginanyofthefivekingdomsbecausetheydonothavethecharacteristicsalllivingthingsshare.However,theydoreproduceandtodothistheyneedtoinvadecells.Whenavirusinvadesacell,itusesthecelltomakecopiesofitself.Eventuallythecellburstsandthecopiesofthevirusspreadtoothercells.

TheProtistKingdom• Organismsinthiskingdomcanbeunicellularor

multicellular.• Theyareeukaryoticwhichmeanstheyhaveanucleuswhich

containsgeneticmaterial.• Protistsareusuallyfoundinwaterordampenvironments.• Someprotistshavechlorophyllandcanproducetheirown

foodthroughphotosynthesis:othersabsorbfoodfromtheirenvironment.

• Someprotistshavefeelersortailswhichtheyusetomoveabout.

• AlgaeandamoebaebelongtotheProtistKingdom.

Page 2: Fungi and other kingdoms · The Monera, Protist and Fungus Kingdom The Monera, Protist and Fungus Kingdom include millions of microorganisms which can be found everywhere on the planet,

NaturalScienceYear6–Unit6Fungiandotherkingdoms

TheFungusKingdomFungiarefoundallovertheworldincludingonandinplantsandanimals.SomearemicroscopicallysmallbutothersformthelargestlivingstructuresonEarthandcanoccupyseveralsquarekilometres.Scientistsestimatethatthereareabout1.5millionspeciesoffungi.

• Fungiareeukaryotic.• Fungisuchasyeastsareunicellular,whileotherssuch

asmushroomsaremulticellular.• Fungiabsorbfoodfromtheirenvironment.Manyfungi

areparasitic,livingofftheirhosts.• Theyreproduceusingmicroscopicspores.• Somefungisuchasmushroomscanbeeaten:others

suchasyeastareusedtomakebread.• Fungihelpwithdecomposition,whichisvitalforthe

environment.Kingdom #ofcells HowitgetsfoodMonera 1 Somemakeownfood,somemust

getfoodProtist 1ormany Somemakeownfood,somemust

getfoodFungus 1ormany Absorbsfood

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