fungal planet description sheets: 371–399

© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures

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Persoonia35,2015:264–327www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158515X690269RESEARCH ARTICLE

Fungal Planet description sheets: 371–399P.W.Crous1,2,M.J.Wingfield 2,J.J.LeRoux3,D.M.Richardson3,D.Strasberg4, R.G.Shivas5,P.Alvarado6,J.Edwards7,G.Moreno8,R.Sharma9,M.S.Sonawane9, Y.P.Tan5,A.Altés8,T.Barasubiye10,C.W.Barnes11,R.A.Blanchette12, D.Boertmann13,A.Bogo14,J.R.Carlavilla8,R.Cheewangkoon15,R.Daniel16, Z.W.deBeer2,M.deJesúsYáñez-Morales17,T.A.Duong18,J.Fernández-Vicente19, A.D.W.Geering20,D.I.Guest21,B.W.Held12,M.Heykoop8,V.Hubka22,A.M.Ismail23, S.C.Kajale9,W.Khemmuk20,M.Kolařík24,R.Kurli9,R.Lebeuf25,C.A.Lévesque10, L.Lombard1,D.Magista26,J.L.Manjón8,S.Marincowitz 2,J.M.Mohedano8, A.Nováková24,N.H.Oberlies27,E.C.Otto12,N.D.Paguigan27,I.G.Pascoe7, J.L.Pérez-Butrón28,G.Perrone26,P.Rahi9,H.A.Raja27,T.Rintoul10, R.M.V.Sanhueza29,K.Scarlett21,Y.S.Shouche9,L.A.Shuttleworth21, P.W.J.Taylor30,R.G.Thorn31,L.L.Vawdrey32,R.Solano-Vidal33,A.Voitk34, P.T.W.Wong35,A.R.Wood36,J.C.Zamora37,J.Z.Groenewald1

Abstract Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Australia: Neoseptori-oides eucalyptigen.&sp.nov.fromEucalyptus radiata leaves, Phytophthora gondwanensis from soil, Diaporthe tulliensis from rotted stem ends of Theobroma cacao fruit, Diaporthe vawdreyi from fruit rot of Psidium guajava, Magnaporthiopsis agrostidis from rotted roots of Agrostis stolonifera and Semifissispora natalis from Eucalyptus leaflitter.Furthermore,Neopestalotiopsis egyptiaca is described from Mangifera indicaleaves(Egypt),Roussoella mexicana from Coffea arabicaleaves(Mexico),Calonectria monticolafromsoil(Thailand),Hygrocybe jackmanii fromlittoralsanddunes(Canada),Lindgomyces madisonensisfromsubmergeddecorticatedwood(USA),Neo-fabraea brasiliensis from Malus domestica (Brazil),Geastrum diosiae from litter(Argentina),Ganoderma wiiroense onangiosperms(Ghana),Arthrinium gutiae fromthegutofagrasshopper(India),Pyrenochaeta telephoni from the screenofamobilephone(India)andXenoleptographium phialoconidium gen.&sp.nov.on exposed xylem tissues of Gmelina arborea(Indonesia).SeveralnoveltiesareintroducedfromSpain,namelyPsathyrella complutensis on loamy soil, Chlorophyllum lusitanicumonnitrifiedgrasslands(incl.Chlorophyllum arizonicumcomb.nov.),Aspergillus citocrescens from cave sediment and Lotinia verna gen.&sp.nov.frommuddysoil.NovelfoliicoloustaxafromSouthAfrica include Phyllosticta carissicola from Carissa macrocarpa, Pseudopyricularia hagahagae from Cyperaceae and Zeloasperisporium searsiae from Searsia chirindensis.Furthermore,Neophaeococcomyces is introduced as a novel genus, with two new combinations, N. aloes and N. catenatus. Several foliicolous novelties are recorded fromLaRéunion,France,namelyOchroconis pandanicola from Pandanus utilis, Neosulcatispora agavesgen.&sp.nov.fromAgave vera-cruz, Pilidium eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus robusta, Strelitziana syzygii from Syzygium jambos(incl.Strelitzianaceaefam.nov.)andPseudobeltrania ocoteae from Ocotea obtusata (Beltraniaceaeemend.).MorphologicalandculturecharacteristicsalongwithITSDNAbarcodesareprovidedforalltaxa.

Article infoReceived:1October2015;Accepted:30October2015;Published:4December2015.

Key words

ITSDNAbarcodesLSUnovel fungal speciessystematics

(Addressescontinuedonthenextpage).

1 CBS-KNAWFungalBiodiversityCentre,P.O.Box85167,3508ADUtrecht,TheNetherlands;correspondingauthore-mail:[email protected].

2 Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural BiotechnologyInstitute(FABI),UniversityofPretoria,P.BagX20,Pretoria0028,SouthAfrica.

3 CentreforInvasionBiology,DepartmentofBotany&Zoology,StellenboschUniversity,Matieland7602,SouthAfrica.

4 UniversitédeLaRéunion,UMRPVBMT,PeuplementsVégétauxetBio-agresseursenMilieuTropical,15avenueRenéCassin,CS93002,97744 Saint-DenisMessag.Cedex9,LaRéunion,France.

5 DepartmentofAgricultureandFisheries,EcosciencesPrecinct,GPOBox267,Brisbane4001,Queensland,Australia.

6 DepartamentodeCienciasdelaVida(ÁreadeBotánica),UniversidaddeAlcalá,E-28805AlcaládeHenares,andALVALAB,C/LaRochelan°47,E-39012,Santander,Spain.

7 AgriBioCentreforAgriBiosciences,DepartmentofEconomicDevelop-ment,Jobs,TransportandResources,5RingRoad,LaTrobeUniversity,Bundoora,Victoria3083,Australia.

8 DepartamentodeCienciasdelaVida(ÁreadeBotánica),UniversidaddeAlcalá,E-28805AlcaládeHenares,Spain.

9 Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex,Ganeshkhind,Pune–411007(Maharashtra),India.

10 AgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada,Ottawa,Ontario,K1A0C6,Canada.11 DepartamentoNacionaldeProtecciónVegetal,EstaciónExperimentalSantaCatalina,InstitutoNacionaldeInvestigacionesAgropecuarias,Pan-americanaSurKm.1víaTambillo,CantónMejía,ProvinciadePichincha,Quito,Ecuador.

12 UniversityofMinnesota,495BorlaugHall,1991UpperBufordCircle,St.Paul,MN55108,USA.

13 DepartmentofBioscience,AarhusUniversity,Frederiksborgvej399,P.O.Box358,DK-4000Roskilde,Denmark.

14 CropProductionGraduateProgram,SantaCatarinaStateUniversity,88.520-000,Lages/SC,Brazil.

15 DepartmentofPlantPathology,FacultyofAgriculture,ChiangMaiUni-versity,ChiangMai50200,Thailand.

16 UniversityofSydney,FacultyofAgricultureandEnvironmentandElizabethMacarthurAgriculturalInstitute,NSWDepartmentofPrimaryIndustries,Australia.

265Fungal Planet description sheets


AcknowledgementsMichelHeykoop,GabrielMorenoandPabloAlvaradowishtoexpresstheirgratitudetoDrL.ÖrstadiusforkindlysendingthemSwedish material of Psathyrella effibulata and P. complutensis as well as colourphotographsandnotes;toDrL.MonjeandMrA.PueblasoftheDe-partmentofDrawingandScientificPhotographyattheUniversityofAlcaláfortheirhelpinthedigitalpreparationofthephotographs;toDrJ.Rejos,curatoroftheAHherbariumforhisassistancewiththespecimensexam-ined.TheresearchofMiroslavKolaříkandAlenaNovákováwassupportedthroughagrantfromtheCzechScienceFoundation(P506-12-1064).RosaM.V.Sanhueza,AmauriBogo,C.AndréLévesque,TharcisseBarasubiyeandTaraRintoulacknowledgeDrPatriciaRitschel (EMBRAPA,BrazilianCorporationofAgriculturalResearch)andCarlaComparin(SantaCatarinaStateUniversity) for their assistancewith the description ofNeofabraea brasiliensis.JuanCarlosZamorathanksYolandaRuiz(UTAI,RealJardín

Botánico-CSIC)forhertechnicalassistancewiththeSEM,GuillermoRolón(IAA,FADU-UBA)forthephotographofthehabitat,andfinancialsupportfromtheConsejoSuperiordeInvestigacionesCientíficas(Jae-Pre2010).RohitSharmaacknowledgessupport fromtheDepartmentofBiotechnol-ogy,NewDelhi,forfundingtheMicrobialCultureCollection(MCC),NCCS,Pune,India(BT/PR10054/NDB/52/94/2007)andMrMiteshKhairnar(MCC,Pune)forphotographs.RenéeLebeuf,GregThorn,DavidBoertmannandAndrusVoitk,owethankstoBillRoodyforcollectingsamplesofHygrocybe andersonii,HashiniPuwakgolleforsequencingworkandMichaelBurzynski,PhyllisMann,HenryMann,AnneMarceauandMariaVoitk for help andcompanionshiponthecollectingtriptoLabrador.WealsothanktheCBStechnicalstaff,A.vanIperen(cultures),M.Vermaas(photographicplates)andM.Starink-Willemse(DNAisolation,amplificationandsequencing)fortheirinvaluableassistance.

Overview Basidiomycota phylogenyFirstof12equallymostparsimonioustreesobtainedfromtheLSUalignment(215parsimony-informative,131parsimony-uninform-ativeand463constantcharacters)basedonaheuristicanalysiswith simple taxon additions and tree-bisection-reconnection al-gorithmusingPAUPv.4.0b10(TL=673,CI=0.719,RI=0.852,RC=0.613).GenBankaccessionnumbersareindicatedbehindthespeciesnames.Bootstrapsupportvalues>50%from100000fast replicates are shown at the nodes and the scale bar indicates thenumberofchanges.Families,ordersandclassesareindicatedwith coloured blocks to the right of the tree.Strict consensusbranchesareindicatedwiththickenedlines.Thetreewasrootedto Saccharomyces cerevisiae (GenBankZ73326)andthenovelspeciesdescribedinthisstudyforwhichLSUsequencedatawereavailable are indicated in boldface.ThealignmentandtreeweredepositedinTreeBASE(SubmissionID18408).

Adresses(cont.)17 ColegiodePostgraduados,Km36.5Carr.Mexico-Texcoco,Montecillo,Mpio.deTexcoco,Edo.deMexico56230,Mexico.

18 DepartmentofGenetics,FABI,UniversityofPretoria,P.BagX20,Pretoria0028,SouthAfrica.

19 Iparraguirre4-4°D,E-48510,Trapagaran,Bizkaia,Spain.20 QueenslandAllianceforAgricultureandFoodInnovation,TheUniversityofQueensland,StLucia4072,Queensland,AustraliaandPlantBiosecurityCRC,LPOBox5012,Bruce2617,ACT,Australia.

21 UniversityofSydney,FacultyofAgricultureandEnvironment,Australia.22 DepartmentofBotany,FacultyofScience,CharlesUniversityinPrague,Benátská2,1201Prague2,CzechRepublic.

23 PlantPathologyResearchInstitute,AgriculturalResearchCenter,12619Giza,Egypt.

24 LaboratoryofFungalGeneticsandMetabolism,InstituteofMicrobiologyoftheASCR,v.v.i,Vídeňská1083,14220Prague4,CzechRepublic.

25 5251rueRiviera,apt102,Pierrefonds,QC,H8Z3H7,Canada.26 IstitutodiScienzedelleProduzioniAlimentari,ViaAmendola122/O,70126Bari,Italy.

27 DepartmentofChemistryandBiochemistry,UniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro,USA.

28 SociedaddeCienciasNaturales deSestao/SestaokoNaturZientzienElkartea,POBox41,E-48910Sestao,Bizkaia,Spain.

29 ProterraResearchCenter,ProterraAgricultureCompany, 95200-000,Vacaria/RS,Brazil.

30 FacultyofVeterinaryandAgriculturalSciences,TheUniversityofMel-bourne,Australia.

31 DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofWesternOntario,London,ON,N6A5B7,Canada.

32 DepartmentofAgricultureandFisheries,CentreforWetTropicsAgricul-ture,SouthJohnstone,Queensland,Australia.

33 UniversidadAutónomaChapingo,Depto.deParasitologíaAgrícola,Km38.5Carr.Mexico-Texcoco,Chapingo,Edo.deMexico56230,Mexico.

34 Box2312,RR#1,CornerBrook,NL,A2H2N2,Canada.35 UniversityofSydney,PlantBreedingInstitute,107CobbittyRd,Cobbitty2570,NewSouthWales,Australia.

36 ARC–PlantProtectionResearchInstitute,P.BagX5017,Stellenbosch7599,SouthAfrica.

37 RealJardínBotánico-CSIC,PlazadeMurillo2,E-28014,Madrid,Spain.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Z73326

Ganoderma parvulum JX310810

Geastrum floriforme KF988494

Geastrum diosiae KF988587 Fungal Planet 393 Geastrum saccatum KF988559

Geastrum austrominimum KP687451 Geastrum hungaricum KP687462

Psathyrella effibulata DQ389672

Hygrocybe appalachianensis KF381547 Hygrocybe rosea KF291198 Hygrocybe parvula KF291189

Ganoderma lucidum JN048793

Ganoderma austroafricanum KM507325

Chlorophyllum molybdites U11915

Lepiota procera AF518628 Macrolepiota procera AM946456

Psathyrella complutensis KR233834 Fungal Planet 384

Hygrocybe jackmanii KT207630 Fungal Planet 389

Ganoderma wiiroense KT952362 Fungal Planet 395 Ganoderma wiiroense KT952364 Fungal Planet 395

Ganoderma destructans KR183861 Ganoderma destructans KR183862

Chlorophyllum lusitanicum KR233491 Fungal Planet 385

Psathyrella longicauda KC992889

Hygrocybe miniata KF291180 Hygrocybe substrangulata KF381554

Agaricus bisporus FJ755218 Agaricus campestris U85273

Psathyrella amarescens KC992852 Psathyrella corrugis DQ389674

10 changes

Psathyrellaceae

Agaricaceae

Geastraceae

Ganoder-mataceae

Aga

ricom

ycet

es

Hygrophoraceae

Gea

stra

les

Pol

ypor

ales

Aga

rical

es

2x100

100

100

100

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92

54

67

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6471

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266 Persoonia–Volume35,2015

Overview Sordariomycetes phylogenyFirstof260equallymostparsimonioustreesobtainedfromtheLSUalignment(213parsimony-informative,115parsimony-uninforma-tiveand453constantcharacters)basedonaheuristicanalysiswith simple taxon additions and tree-bisection-reconnection al-gorithmusingPAUPv.4.0b10(TL=939,CI=0.520,RI=0.891,RC=0.463).GenBankaccessionnumbersareindicatedbehindthespeciesnames.Bootstrapsupportvalues>50%from100000fast replicates are shown at the nodes and the scale bar indicates thenumberofchanges.Families,ordersandclassesareindicatedwith coloured blocks to the right of the tree.Strict consensusbranchesareindicatedwiththickenedlines.Thetreewasrootedto Saccharomyces cerevisiae (GenBankZ73326)andthenovelspeciesdescribedinthisstudyforwhichLSUsequencedatawereavailable are indicated in boldface.ThealignmentandtreeweredepositedinTreeBASE(SubmissionID18408).

Xyl

aria

les

Beltraniaceae

Apiosporaceae

Robillardaceae

Bartaliniaceae

Sporocadaceae

Incertae sedis

Pestalotiopsaceae

Apiospora tintinnabula DQ810216 Arthrinium ovatum KF144950

Robillarda africana KR873281 Robillarda sessilis KR873283

Pseudobeltrania ocoteae KT950870 Fungal Planet 381

Beltraniopsis neolitseae KJ869183

Arthrinium gutiae KR149063 Fungal Planet 394

Beltrania pseudorhombica KJ869215 Parapleurotheciopsis inaequiseptata EU040235

Subramaniomyces fusisaprophyticus EU040241

Arthrinium arundinis KT207697 Arthrinium kogelbergense KF144940

Immersidiscosia eucalypti AB593723

Dyrithiopsis lakefuxianensis AF452047

Truncatella hartigii DQ278927 Truncatella restionacearum DQ278929

Beltraniella endiandrae KJ869185 Pseudomassaria carolinensis DQ810233

Adisciso yakushimense AB593721 Adisciso yakushimense AB593721

Monochaetia kansensis DQ534035

Zetiasplozna acaciae KJ869206

Discosia artocreas AB593705 Discosia pini AB593708

Sarcostroma restionis DQ278925

Seiridium papillatum DQ414531

Bartalinia laurina AF382369 Bartalinia pondoensis GU291796 Bartalinia robillardoides EU552102

Lepteutypa cupressi AF382379

Discostroma tostum AB593727 Seimatosporium lichenicola AB593739 Seimatosporium eucalypti JN871211 Seimatosporium hypericinum AB593737

Monochaetia monochaeta AF382370

Pseudopestalotiopsis cocos KM116276

Pestalotiopsis camelliae KM116225 Pestalotiopsis grevilleae KM116212 Pestalotiopsis kenyana KM116234

Pseudopestalotiopsis theae KM116282 Neopestalotiopsis australis KM116252 Neopestalotiopsis egyptiaca KT950861 Fungal Planet 372 Neopestalotiopsis egyptiaca KT950860 Fungal Planet 372 Neopestalotiopsis protearum JN712564 10 changes

72

76

67

61

6074

98

94

99

83

98

69

55

100

76

71

59

89

91

99

60

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Z73326 Calonectria multiphialidica GQ280719 Calonectria rumohrae GQ280744

Mariannaea humicola KM231620

Diaporthe tulliensis KR936131 Fungal Planet 387

Calonectria colhounii GQ280686 Calonectria gracilipes GQ280700

Barretomyces calatheae KM484950

Nakataea oryzae JF414887

Diaporthe eres AF362565

Calonectria monticola KT983443 Fungal Planet 383 Calonectria monticola KT983444 Fungal Planet 383

Coccinonectria pachysandricola KM231641 Pseudonectria pachysandricola JF937576

Magnaporthiopsis poae JF414885

Diaporthe arecae KT207683 Diaporthe phaseolorum JF441218 Phomopsis phyllanthicola JF441216 Diaporthe vawdreyi KR936127 Fungal Planet 388

Chaetopsina pinicola KF777201 Chaetopsinectria chaetopsinae DQ119553 Xenoleptographium phialoconidium KT164791 Fungal Planet 396 Xenoleptographium phialoconidium KT164792 Fungal Planet 396

Proxipyricularia zingiberis KM484987

Neopyricularia commelinicola KM484982

Magnaporthiopsis incrustans JF414895

Bambusicularia brunnea KM484948

Magnaporthiopsis agrostidis KT364754 Fungal Planet 398 Magnaporthiopsis maydis KM484971 Magnaporthiopsis panicorum KF689633

Pseudopyricularia cyperi KM484990

Pyricularia grisea KM484996 Xenopyricularia zizaniicola KM485042 Macgarvieomyces juncicola KM484970 Deightoniella roumeguerei JF951176

Pseudopyricularia hagahagae KT950865 Fungal Planet 376 Pseudopyricularia higginsii KM484991 Pseudopyricularia kyllingae KM484992

4x

Hyp

ocre

ales

Nectriaceae

Sor

dario

myc

etes

Pyriculariaceae

Diaporthaceae

Magnaporthaceae

Dia

porth

ales

Mag

napo

rthal

es

100

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100

100

100

9856

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87

53

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99



Overview Dothideomycetes and other classes phylogenyFirst of 1000 equallymost parsimonious trees obtained fromthe LSUalignment (308 parsimony-informative, 44 parsimony-uninformativeand417constantcharacters)basedonaheuristicanalysis with simple taxon additions and tree-bisection-recon-nectionalgorithmusingPAUPv.4.0b10(TL=1536,CI=0.414,RI=0.844,RC=0.349).GenBankaccessionnumbersare indi-catedbehindthespeciesnames.Bootstrapsupportvalues>50%from 100 000 fast replicates are shown at the nodes and the scale barindicatesthenumberofchanges.Families,ordersandclassesare indicatedwithcolouredblocks to therightof the tree.Strictconsensusbranchesareindicatedwiththickenedlines.Thetreewas rooted to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (GenBankZ73326)andthenovelspeciesdescribedinthisstudyforwhichLSUsequencedata were available are indicated in boldface.ThealignmentandtreeweredepositedinTreeBASE(SubmissionID18408).

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Z73326 Cheilymenia stercorea DQ220323

Neofabraea alba AY064705

Pilidium pseudoconcavum KF777236

Lotinia verna KP195728 Fungal Planet 399 Lotinia verna KP195729 Fungal Planet 399

Cryptosporiopsis actinidiae HM595594 Neofabraea brasiliensis KR107002 Fungal Planet 391

Pilidium concavum AY487095

Tricharina gilva DQ220442 Tricharina praecox var. praecox JQ836562 Ramsbottomia crechqueraultii KC012698 Miladina lecithina DQ220372

Pilidium acerinum AY487089 Pilidium eucalyptorum KT950868 Fungal Planet 379

Neophaeococcomyces aloes KF777234 Fungal Planet 380 Neophaeococ. catenatus AF050277 Fungal Planet 380 Strelitziana malaysiana KR476766

Aspergillus citocrescens LN896335 Fungal Planet 392

Strelitziana syzygii KT950869 Fungal Planet 380

Aspergillus restrictus JF922028 Aspergillus fumigatus AJ438344

Penicillium expansum AB470571 Penicillium griseofulvum AB470601 Penicillium glabrum AB470558

Penicillium malachiteum AB000621

Apiosporina collinsii GU301798

Septorioides pini-thunbergii KF251746

Phyllosticta hymenocallidicola JQ044443

Strelitziana australiensis GQ303326 Strelitziana eucalypti HQ599597

Venturia helvetica EU035458

Sympoventuria capensis DQ885904 Sympoventuria capensis DQ885906

Neoseptorioides eucalypti KT950871 Fungal Planet 382

Phyllosticta carissicola KT950863 Fungal Planet 374 Phyllosticta podocarpi KF766383

Venturia ditricha EU035456 Venturia populina EU035467

Fusicladium pini EU035436 Fusicladium ramoconidii EU035439

Ochroconis humicola KF156124

Saccharata capensis KF766390 Saccharata proteae EU552145 Saccharata kirstenboschensis FJ372409 Saccharata intermedia GU229889

Ochroconis anellii KF282651 Ochroconis macrozamiae KF156152

Ochroconis mirabilis KF156140 Ochroconis pandanicola KT950864 Fungal Planet 375

2x

2x

Pez

izal

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Pyronemataceae

Pez

izom

ycet

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othi

deom

ycet

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Sympoventuriaceae

Venturiaceae

Vent

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Aspergillaceae

Eur

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Phyllostictaceae

Saccharataceae

Bot

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Strelitzianaceae

Cha

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sDermateaceae

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Chaetomellaceae

Eur

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100

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1008281

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10 changes

Roussoella hysterioides KF443381

Lindgomyces breviappendiculatus KF314113

Lindgomyces madisonensis KT207820 Fungal Planet 390 Lindgomyces madisonensis KT207821 Fungal Planet 390

Roussoella neopustulans KJ474841

Lindgomyces apiculatus KF314115

Suttonomyces clematidis KP842917

Semifissispora natalis KT950858 Fungal Planet 371 Semifissispora rotundata KT950859

Pyrenochaeta acicola GQ387602 Pyrenochaeta telephoni KM516290 Fungal Planet 397

Roussoella mexicana KT950862 Fungal Planet 373 Roussoella siamensis KJ474845

Lindgomyces angustiascus JX508279 Lindgomyces lemonweirensis JF419888

Corynespora endiandrae KP004478

Pyrenochaeta nobilis GQ387615

Pyrenochaeta corni GQ387609 Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis GQ387621

Chaetodiplodia sp. EU754142

Byssothecium circinans GU205217

Chaetodiplodia sp. DQ678054

Corynespora olivacea GU301809 Corynespora olivacea JQ044448

Corynespora leucadendri KF251654

Massarina cisti FJ795447 Massarina eburnea AB521735

Neosulcatispora agaves KT950867 Fungal Planet 378 Vrystaatia aloeicola KF251781

Stagonospora uniseptata KF251767

Phaeosphaeria musae KP744502 Phaeosphaeria oryzae KF251689 Phaeosphaeria papayae KF251690

Neottiosporina paspali EU754172

Pseudodiplodia sp. EU754201

Stagonospora paludosa KF251760 Stagonospora trichophoricola KJ869168

Phaeosphaeriopsis glaucopunctata GQ387592 Phaeosphaeriopsis triseptata KJ522480

Lindgomycetaceae

Ple

ospo

rale

s

Cucurbitariaceae

Phaeosphaeriaceae

Roussoellaceae

Massarinaceae

95

94

77

74

96

98

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53

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5759

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68

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76


Semifissispora natalis



FungalPlanet371–4December2015

Semifissispora natalis Crous,Jacq.Edwards&P.W.J.Taylor,sp. nov. Etymology.natalis(Latingenitivenoun),referstothebirthdateofthefirstauthor,onwhichthisfunguswascollected.

Classification—Massarinaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideo-mycetes.

Ascomatapseudothecial,immersedinleaftissue(litter),sepa-rate,globose,brown,to350µmdiam,withcentralostiole,40– 50µmdiam(butfrequentlyrupturingtheepidermisviairregularsplit);wallof3–6layersofbrown textura angularis, becom-ing thin-walled and hyaline towards the centrum.Pseudo- paraphyses intermingled among asci, hyaline, smooth, with cla-vateterminalcells,constrictedatsepta,hyphae-like,3.5–6µmdiam,extendingaboveasci.Ascistipitate,bitunicate,8-spored,fusoid-ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, with visible apical chamber, 2–3µmdiam,90–140×16–22µm.Ascospores bi- to triseri-ate,fusoid,hyaline,smooth,guttulate,withminutefineguttulesconcentrated at polar ends of each cell, 1-septate, prominently constricted at septum, bending at maturity, surrounded by a prominentmucoidsheath,2–4µmdiam;apicalcells(22–)24–27(–28)×(7–)8–9(–10)µm,basalcells(23–)26–28(–31)× (6.5–)7(–7.5)µm. Culturecharacteristics—Colonies reachingup to20mmdiamafter2wkat25°Cspreading,withsurfacefolded,mar-ginsfeathery,lobate,andsparseaerialmycelium.On2%maltextractagar(MEA)surfacesmokegreywithpatchesofsepia,reversesepia.Onoatmealagar(OA)surfaceisabelline.On2%potatodextroseagar(PDA)surfaceandreverseisabelline.

Typus. AustrAliA, Melbourne, cycle path alongside Moonee Ponds Creek, on leaf litter of Eucalyptus sp.(Myrtaceae),2Nov.2014,P.W. Crous, J. Ed-wards & P.W.J. Taylor(holotypeCBSH-22394,cultureex-typeCPC25383=CBS140659;ITSsequenceGenBankKT950846,LSUsequenceGenBankKT950858,gapdh sequenceGenBankKT950875,tef1 sequenceGenBankKT950878,MycoBankMB814924);CPC25384.

Notes—Swart(1982)introducedthegenusSemifissispora (basedonS. fusiformis)toaccommodatethreespeciesfoundon Eucalyptus leaf litter, which he suspected to play a role in breakdownoflitterundersemi-aridconditions.Therehavesub-sequentlybeentwoadditionalreportsofSemifissisporaspp. from South Africa, namely S. elongata and S. rotundata(Crous1993,Crous&VanderLinde1993).Thegenushasremainedobscure,althoughSwart(1982)correctlyplaceitinthePleospo-rales, suspecting that it was a member of Pleo sporaceae. Based ontheLSUsequencesgeneratedinthisstudy,Semifissispora resides in the Massarinaceae, a position that is also supported byitsmorphology.OfthethreespeciespresentlyknowninSemifissispora, S. na-talis differs from the other species in having longer and wider ascospores, the largest ascospores found in S. elongata, with apicalcellsbeing18–25×4–6(av.20.7×5.1)andbasalcells22–26×3.5–5(av.23.7×4.4)µm.

PedroW.Crous&JohannesZ.Groenewald,CBS-KNAWFungalBiodiversityCentre,P.O.Box85167,3508ADUtrecht,TheNetherlands;e-mail:[email protected]&[email protected]

JacquelineEdwards,AgriBioCentreforAgriBiosciences,DepartmentofEconomicDevelopment,Jobs,TransportandResources,5RingRoad,LaTrobeUniversity,Bundoora,Victoria3083,Australia;e-mail:[email protected]

PaulW.J.Taylor,FacultyofVeterinaryandAgriculturalSciences,TheUniversityofMelbourne,Australia;e-mail:[email protected]

Colour illustrations.SymptomaticEucalyptus leaves along cycle path nexttoMooneePondsCreek;ascomata,asciandascosporeswithsheath.Scalebars:ascomata=350µm,allothers=10µm.


Neopestalotiopsis egyptiaca




Neopestalotiopsis egyptiaca A.M.Ismail,G.Perrone&Crous,sp. nov. Etymology.NamereflectsthecountryEgyptwherethefunguswascol-lected.

Classification—Sporocadaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomy-cetes.

Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, formedonPDAwithin 7d,mostly solitary, scattered, semi-immersed or erumpent, to 300μmdiam;releasingslimy,blackconidialmasses.Conidio-phores septate, branched at base, sometimes reduced to conidiogenous cells, hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, up to 42μmlong.Conidiogenous cells discrete, cylindrical, hyaline, smooth,proliferating2–3timespercurrentlyatapex,15–25×3–5μm.Conidia smooth, fusiform, straight and sometimes slightlycurved,4-septateconsistingofthreethick-walledpaleto dark brown median cells, of which the upper two are darker brown than the lowercell (thesecellsalso tend tobefinelyroughened),andtwothin-walledpaletodarkolivaceousapicalandbasalcells,(22.5–)23–26(–28)×6–7.5μm.Apicalcellgivingriseto2–3unbranched,tubular,hyalineappendages,(15–)16.5–21(–25)μmlong;basalcellwithasingle,hyaline,centric,unbranchedappendage,4.5–7.5μmlong. Culturecharacteristics—OnPDAcoloniesreachedupto90mmdiamafter10dat25°Cwith smoothedge,whitish,slightly raised, circular appearance, with sparse to moderate aerial mycelium on the surface with black, scattered conidio-mata.Onreverse,olivaceous,withdistinctzonation.

Typus. Egypt,Ismailia,onleavesofMangifera indica(Anacardiaceae),Apr.2014,A.M. Ismail(holotypeCBSH-22294,cultureex-typeCBS140162=CPC26132,CBS140163=CPC26133;ITSsequenceGenBankKP943747,LSUsequencesGenBankKT950860,KT950861,tub2sequenceGenBankKP943746,tef1sequenceGenBankKP943748,MycoBankMB813837).

Notes—Basedonarecentmulti-locusphylogeneticstudyof Pestalotiopsis, Maharachchikumburaetal.(2014)dividedthecomplex into three genera: Pestalotiopsis, Neopestalotiopsis and Pseudopestalotiopsis.Morphologically,Neopestalotiopsis can be easily distinguished from Pseudopestalotiopsis and Pestalotiopsis byitsversicolorousmediancells.Conidiophores in Neopestalotiopsis are indistinct and often reduced to coni-diogenous cells.Basedon thephylogenetic analysis of thesequencedataoftub2, tef1andITS,N. egyptiaca is phyloge-netically closely related to N. australis. However,theconidiaof N. australis are wider and the median cells are darker than those of N. egyptiaca.

AhmedM.Ismail,PlantPathologyResearchInstitute,AgriculturalResearchCenter,12619Giza,Egypt;e-mail:[email protected]&DonatoMagista,IstitutodiScienzedelleProduzioniAlimentari,ViaAmendola122/O,70126Bari,Italy;

e-mail:[email protected]&[email protected]&JohannesZ.Groenewald,CBS-KNAWFungalBiodiversityCentre,P.O.Box85167,3508ADUtrecht,TheNetherlands;

e-mail:[email protected]&[email protected]

Colour illustrations.Mangifera indicainEgypt;symptomaticleaf,colonyonPDA,conidiophoresgivingrisetoconidiaandappendagedconidia.Scalebar=10µm.


Roussoella mexicana




Roussoella mexicana Crous&Yáñez-Moral.,sp. nov. Etymology.Namereferstothecountryfromwherethisspecieswascol-lected.

Classification—Roussoellaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideo-mycetes.

Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, solitary to aggregated, brown, to150µmdiam,withcentralostiole,to20µmdiam,exudingabrown,globoidconidialmass;wallof2–3layersofbrowntextura angularis;formingredcrystalsintermingledamongconi-diomataonOA.Conidiophoresreducedtoconidiogenouscells.Conidiogenous cells phialidic, lining the inner cavity, subhyaline, smooth,depressedglobosetoampulliform,3–4×3–4µm,withinconspicuousapical locuswithminutepericlinal thickening.Conidia solitary, brown, smooth- and thick-walled, aseptate, granular to minutely guttulate, ellipsoid, apex acutely rounded, basetruncate,hilum0.5µmdiam,(3–)3.5(–4)×2(–2.5)µm. Culturecharacteristics—Colonies reachingup to60mmdiamafter2wkat25°C,withspreading,flat,foldedsurface;margins smooth, lobate andmoderate aerialmycelium.OnMEAsurfaceolivaceousgrey,reverseiron-grey.OnOAsurfaceolivaceousgrey.OnPDAsurfaceolivaceousgrey,reverseiron-grey.

Typus. MExico,PozodelTigre,Mpio.deJalpan,PueblaState,onleafspots of Coffea arabica(Rubiaceae),CaturraRojovarietyplantations,23Oct.2014,M. de Jesús Yáñez-Morales(holotypeCMPH;isotypeCBSH-22402;ITSsequenceGenBankKT950848,LSUsequenceGenBankKT950862,MycoBankMB814925).

Notes—TheLSUsequenceconfirmed theplacementof R. mexicana in the Roussoellaceae, where it is allied to R. intermedia.Unfortunately the latter species is knownonly fromits sexual morph and hence a morphological comparison is notpossible(Juetal.1996).We isolatedonly theCytoplea asexualmorph,whichisalsofrequentlyfoundonwoodyhosts(Crousetal.2014)andnotrestrictedtomonocotyledons,aspreviouslybelieved.Basedon ITSsequences,R. mexicana is also phylogenetically allied to Roussoella sp. (GenBankKF443407)withR. siamensis(GenBankKJ474837)beingthesecond-closestspecies.


MaríadeJesúsYáñez-Morales,ColegiodePostgraduados,Km36.5Carr.Mexico-Texcoco,Montecillo,Mpio.deTexcoco,Edo.deMexico56230,Mexico;e-mail:[email protected]

RoneySolano-Vidal,UniversidadAutónomaChapingo,Depto.deParasitologíaAgrícola,Km38.5Carr.Mexico-Texcoco,Chapingo,Edo.deMexico56230,Mexico;e-mail:[email protected]

Colour illustrations.Coffea arabicainMexico;colonyonPDA,conidiomawithcentralostiole,conidiogenouscellsandconidia.Scalebars:conidioma=75µm,allothers=10µm.

FirstoffiveequallymostparsimonioustreesobtainedfromtheITSalignmentbasedonaheuristicanalysiswith100randomtaxon additions and tree-bisection-reconnection algorithm using PAUPv.4.0b10(TL=481,CI=0.644,RI=0.594,RC=0.383).GenBankaccessionnumbersareindicatedbehindthespeciesnames.Bootstrapsupportvalues>50%from1000replicatesare shown at the node and the scale bar indicates the number of changes.ThetreewasrootedtoMassarina lacustris(GenBankAF250831)and thenovelspeciesdescribed in thisstudy isindicated in boldface.ThealignmentandtreeweredepositedinTreeBASE(S18408).

Massarina lacustris AF250831

Roussoella acaciae KP004469

Roussoella percutanea KF322117

Roussoella percutanea KF322118

Roussoella sp. KF443407

Roussoella mexicana CPC 25355

Roussoella neopustulans KJ474833

Roussoella chiangraina KJ474828

Roussoella siamensis KJ474837

Roussoella japanensis KJ474829

Roussoella verrucispora KJ474832

Roussoella pustulans KJ474830

Roussoella intermedia KJ474831

Roussoella thailandica KJ474838

Roussoella nitidula KJ474834

Roussoella nitidula KJ474835

10 changes

100100

100

61

63

86

96

96

89


Phyllosticta carissicola




Phyllosticta carissicola Crous&M.J.Wingf.,sp. nov. Etymology.NamereferstoCarissa, the host genus from which this fungus wascollected.

Classification—Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothi-deomycetes.

Conidiomata(onpineneedleagar;PNA)pycnidial,solitary,black, erumpent,globose,exudingahyalineconidialmass;pycnidiato250µmdiam;pycnidialwallofseverallayersoftextura angu-laris,15–30µmthick;innerlayersofhyalinetextura angularis.Ostiolecentral,to45µmdiam.Conidiophores subcylindrical, reduced to conidiogenous cells, or with one supporting cell, that canbebranchedatthebase,10–20×4–6µm.Conidiogenous cells terminal, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, coated in mucoid layer,7–12×3–5µm;proliferatingseveraltimespercurrentlyatapex.Conidia(11–)12–14(–15)×(9–)10(–11)µm,solitary,hyaline, aseptate, thin- and smooth-walled, granular, or with a single large, central guttule, ellipsoid, tapering towards a narrow truncatebase,3–4µmdiam,enclosedinapersistentmucoidsheath,2–3µmthick,andbearingahyaline,apicalmucoidap-pendage,(10–)12–17(–25)×1.5(–2)µm,flexible,unbranched,taperingtowardsanacutelyroundedtip. Culturecharacteristics—Colonies reachingup to15mmdiamafter2wkat25°C,withspreading,flat,foldedsurface;marginssmooth,lobateandsparseaerialmycelium.OnMEAsurface iron-grey, reverse olivaceous grey.OnOA surfaceolivaceous grey.OnPDA surface grey olivaceous, reverseolivaceousgrey.

Typus. south AfricA,EasternCapeProvince,HagaHaga, on leavesof Carissa macrocarpa (Apocynaceae),Dec. 2014,M.J. Wingfield (holo-typeCBSH-22399,cultureex-typeCPC25665; ITSsequenceGenBankKT950849,LSUsequenceGenBankKT950863,actAsequenceGenBankKT950872,gapdhsequenceGenBankKT950876,tef1 sequenceGenBankKT950879,MycoBankMB814926).

Colour illustrations.SymptomaticleavesofCarissa macrocarpa;conidio-matasporulatingonPNA,conidiophoresandconidia.Scalebars=10µm.


MichaelJ.Wingfield,ForestryandAgriculturalBiotechnologyInstitute(FABI),UniversityofPretoria,Pretoria0002,SouthAfrica;e-mail:[email protected]

Notes—Phyllosticta carissicola is a novel member of the Phyllostictaceae, which contains numerous plant pathogens, severalofwhichareendophytes(Glienkeetal.2011,Wikeeetal.2013).VanderAa&Vanev(2002)foundthattheholotypeofPhyllosticta carissae, which was described from Carissa arduina in South Africa, was representative of a species of Asteromella, and is therefore not comparable to P. carissicola.TheactAsequenceconfirmedthattherearenomatchesonGenBank,closestmatchesbeingwithP. podocarpi(GenBankKF289235),P. pseudotsugae(GenBankKF289236)andP. ow-aniana(GenBankFJ538484).Thegapdh and tef1sequencesconfirmedthisassociation.NoPhyllosticta species are known on Carissa(Crousetal.2000),andP.carissicola also differs morphologically from P. podocarpi in that the latter species hassomewhat longerandnarrowerconidia,(10–)14(–17)× (8–)9(–10)μm,andlongerappendages,10–40μm(Crouset al.1996).


Ochroconis pandanicola




Ochroconis pandanicola Crous&M.J.Wingf.,sp. nov. Etymology.Namerefers to thehostgenusPandanus from which this specieswascollected.

Classification—Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales, Dothideo-mycetes.

Onsyntheticnutrientpooragar(SNA).Mycelium consisting of branched,septate,hyalinetopalebrown,smooth-walled,2–3µmdiamhyphae.Conidiophores clearly differentiated, erect, arising at right angles from creeping hyphae, branched at lower septumornot,with1–3septa,straighttogeniculate-sinuous,brown,thick-walled,7–30×2–4µm.Conidiogenous cells4–10×2–3µm,terminalorlateral,integrated,subcylindrical,brownwith one to several apical conidium bearing denticles, subcy-lindrical,1–3×0.5–1µm.Conidiasolitary,subhyalinetohazelbrown, finely verruculose, thin-walled,medianly 1-septate,becoming constricted at septum, obovoid to broadly fusiform orellipsoid,(6–)7–8.5(–10)×3(–4.5)µm.Synasexual morph.Hyphae starting to fragment, giving rise to cladophialophora-like synasexualmorph.Ramoconidiasubcylindrical,0–2-septate,with1–2apicaldenticles,1–2µmlong,1–1.5µmdiam,palebrown,smooth,10–25×2–3µm,givingrisetochainsofsub- cylindricalconidia(–10),smooth,guttulate,palebrown,0–1- septate,(8–)12–15(–17)×(2.5–)3µm. Culturecharacteristics—Colonies reachingup to20mmdiamafter2wkat25°C,marginssmooth,lobateandsparseaerialmycelium.OnMEAsurfacegrey olivaceous, reverseolivaceousgrey.OnOAsurfacegreyolivaceouswithdiffuseredpigmentatmargin.OnPDAsurfacegreyolivaceous,reverseolivaceousgrey.

Typus. frAncE,LaRéunion,S21°21'30.7"E55°44'32.3",RouteForestiereMareLongue,onleavesofPandanus utilis(Pandanaceae),6Mar.2014,P.W. Crous & M.J. Wingfield (holotypeCBSH-22397,cultureex-typeCPC26317=CBS140660;ITSsequenceGenBankKT950850,LSUsequenceGenBankKT950864,MycoBankMB814927).

Notes—TherearenospeciesofOchroconis known from Pandanus(Whittonetal.2012).BasedontheLSUsequence,O. pandanicola clusters with other species of Ochroconis, being most closely related to O. musae (= O. mirabilis),whichdiffersmorphologicallyinhavinglargerconidia(9–13.5×4.8–6.7µm;Samerpitaketal.2014).

PedroW.CrousCBS-KNAWFungalBiodiversityCentre,P.O.Box85167,3508ADUtrecht,TheNetherlands;e-mail:[email protected],ForestryandAgriculturalBiotechnologyInstitute(FABI),UniversityofPretoria,

Pretoria0002,SouthAfrica;e-mail:[email protected]&DavidM.Richardson,CentreforInvasionBiology,DepartmentofBotany&Zoology,StellenboschUniversity,

Matieland7602,SouthAfrica;e-mail:[email protected]&[email protected],UniversitédeLaRéunion,UMRPVBMT,PeuplementsVégétauxetBioagresseursenMilieuTropical,

15avenueRenéCassin,CS93002,97744Saint-DenisMessag.Cedex9,LaRéunion,France;e-mail:[email protected]

Colour illustrations.Pandanus utilisattheseashoreinLaRéunion;coni-diophoresandconidia;cladophialophora-likesynasexualmorph.Scalebars=10µm.


Pseudopyricularia hagahagae




Pseudopyricularia hagahagae Crous&M.J.Wingf.,sp. nov. Etymology.NamereferstothevillageofHagaHagaintheEasternCapeProvince of South Africa, where thisfunguswascollected.

Classification—Pyriculariaceae, Magnaporthales, Sordario-mycetes.

OnOA.Mycelium consisting of smooth, hyaline, branched, sep-tate,2.5–3.5µmdiamhyphae.Conidiophores solitary, erect, straight or curved, branched above or not, medium brown, smooth, 40–200× 5–7 µm, 1–10-septate.Conidiogenous cells subcylindrical, 30–50× 5–7µm, integrated, terminal,rarely intercalary,mediumbrown, smooth,with 1–7 apical,protruding,flat-tippeddenticles,1–4µmlong,1–2µmdiam.Conidia solitary, obclavate, medium brown, guttulate, 2-septate, (38–)41–45(–49)×(7–)8(–9)µm;apicalcell13–17µmlong,basalcell10–14µmlong,hilumtruncate,slightlyprotruding,1.5–2µmdiam,unthickened,notdarkened. Culturecharacteristics—Colonies reachingup to25mmdiamonMEA,40mmdiamonOAafter2wkat25°C,withspreading,flatsurface;marginsfeathery,sparseaerialmyce-lium.OnMEAsurfacedirtywhitewithpatchesofgreyishsepia,reversedirtywhitewithpatchesofmousegrey.OnOAsurfacegreyishsepia.OnPDAsurfaceandreversegreyishsepia.

Typus. south AfricA,EasternCapeProvince,HagaHaga, on leavesof unidentified Cyperaceae, Dec. 2014,M.J. Wingfield (holotypeCBSH-22400,cultureex-typeCPC25635;ITSsequenceGenBankKT950851,LSUsequenceGenBankKT950865,actAsequenceGenBankKT950873,rpb1 sequenceGenBankKT950877,tef1 sequenceGenBankKT950880,MycoBankMB814928).

Notes—BasedonmorphologyandDNA-basedphylogeny, this species is best accommodated in Pseudopyricularia(Klau-baufetal.2014). Intherpb1sequence,thehighest levelofsimilarity(92%;899/972nucleotides)wastoPseudopyricularia higginsii (GenBankKM485095), although the conidia in thelatterspeciesaresmaller,17.5–36.5×5.3–6.5μm(av.28× 6μm),inculture26.1–28.6×6–6.1μm(av.26.1×6.1μm)(Luttrell1954).

Colour illustrations.CoastlineatHagaHaga,SouthAfrica;sporulatingconidiophoresgivingriseto2-septateconidia.Scalebars=10µm.


MichaelJ.Wingfield,ForestryandAgriculturalBiotechnologyInstitute(FABI),UniversityofPretoria,Pretoria0002,SouthAfrica;e-mail:[email protected]


Zeloasperisporium searsiae




Zeloasperisporium searsiae Crous&A.R.Wood,sp. nov. Etymology.NamereferstothehostgenusSearsia from which this spe-cies was collected.

Classification—Zeloasperisporiaceae, Zeloasperisporiales, Dothideomycetes.

Myceliuminternaltosuperficial,consistingofsparinglybranch-ed,septate,palebrown,finelyverruculose,thin-walled,2–3µmdiamhyphae.Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, arising as lateral hyphal branches, erect, straight, subcylindrical orconical,notgeniculate,unbranched,10–15×3.5–5µm,ta-pering towards the apex, medium-brown, minutely verruculose, slightly thick-walled, somewhat constricted at the apex below theconidiogenous loci;conidialproliferationsympodial,withone to several subdenticulate to flat conidiogenous loci, mostly crowdedat theapex,protuberant; conidial scars thickened-refractive, appearing as thickened circles when viewed from directlyabove,1µmwide.Conidia solitary, straight to curved, fusiform,taperedtowardsthesubobtuseapex,1(–3)-septate,distinctly constricted at the median septum, pale to medium brown,verruculose,somewhatthick-walled,(12–)15–18(–28)×(3–)4–5µm;hilatruncate,1.5–2µmdiam. Culture characteristics—Colonies reaching up to 7mmdiamafter2wkat25°C,withspreading,flat,foldedsurface;marginssmooth,lobateandsparseaerialmycelium.OnMEAsurfaceisabelline,reversefuscousblack.OnOAsurfaceisa-belline.OnPDAsurfaceisabelline,reversedarkmousegrey.

Typus. south AfricA,WesternCape,George,VictoriaBay,onleafspotsof Searsia chirindensis (Anacardiaceae),16July2014,A.R. Wood (holo-typeCBSH-22403,cultureex-typeCPC25880; ITSsequenceGenBankKT950852,LSUsequenceGenBankKT950866,MycoBankMB814929).

Notes—Zeloasperisporium searsiae is a member of the Zeloasperisporiaceae(Zeloasperisporiales)(Crousetal.2015,Hangsananetal.2015).ItiscloselyrelatedtoZ. eucalyptorum and Z. hyphopodioides.Zeloasperisporium searsiae differs from Z. eucalyptorum ((15–)17–22(–25)× 4.5–6(–7) μm;Chee-wangkoonet al. 2009), basedon its smaller, 1(–3)-septateconidia.ItismoredifficulttodistinguishZ. searsiae from Z. hyphopodioides (conidia (12–)15–32× 3.5–5.5 µm, (0–)1– 2(–3)-septate;Crousetal.2007),althoughtheaverageconi-dialdimensionstendtobesomewhatshorter.Nevertheless,the latter two species are best separated based on their DNA phylogeny.TheplacementofZ.searsiae as sister to Neomicro-thyrium siamense suggests that Neomicrothyrium may be the sexual morph of Zeloasperisporium, a hypothesis that has recentlybeenprovenbyHangsananetal.(2015).

Colour illustrations.RockycoastlinealongthesouthernSouthAfricancoastnearVictoriaBay;conidiogenouscellsandconidia.Scalebars=10µm.


AlanR.Wood,ARC–PlantProtectionResearchInstitute,P.BagX5017,Stellenbosch7599,SouthAfrica;e-mail:[email protected]


Neosulcatispora agaves




Neosulcatispora Crous&M.J.Wingf.,gen. nov.

Colour illustrations.Agave vera-cruzgrowinginLaRéunion;conidiomataformingonOA,conidiogenouscellsandconidia.Scalebars:conidiomata=300µm,allothers=10µm.

PedroW.Crous,CBS-KNAWFungalBiodiversityCentre,P.O.Box85167,3508ADUtrecht,TheNetherlands;e-mail:[email protected],ForestryandAgriculturalBiotechnologyInstitute(FABI),UniversityofPretoria,




Etymology.NamereflectsitsmorphologicalsimilaritytothegenusSulca-tispora.

Classification—Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothi-deomycetes.

Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary, becoming aggregated, linked by a stroma, erumpent, globose, dark brown, with central red-brownostiole;wallof3–4layersofbrowntextura angularis;conidiomatalsurfacecoveredwithred-brown,verruculosehyphae.Conidiophores lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, septate, subcylindrical,straighttocurved,unbranchedorbranchedbelow.

Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, subcylindrical, hya-line,smooth,straight togeniculate;proliferatingpercurrentlynearapex.Conidia solitary, subcylindrical, straight to irregularly curved, apex obtuse, base truncate to bluntly rounded, initially hyaline, with two large polar guttules and various smaller gut-tules, becoming medianly 1-euseptate, golden-brown, and prominently striate, with striations covering the length of the co-nidium,becomingdarkbrownafterdischarge.

Type species.Neosulcatispora agaves Crous&M.J.Wingf. MycoBankMB814930.

Etymology.NamereferstothehostgenusAgave from which this species wascollected.

Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary, becoming aggregated, linked by astroma,erumpent,globose,darkbrown,to300µmdiam,withcentralred-brownostiole,20–40µmdiam;wallof3–4layersof brown textura angularis;conidiomatalsurfacecoveredwithred-brown,verruculose,4–5µmdiamhyphae.Conidiophores lining the innercavity,hyaline,smooth,0–1-septate,subcy-lindrical, straight to curved, unbranched or branched below, 5–15× 3–6 µm.Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, subcylindrical,hyaline,smooth,straighttogeniculate,5–12× 3–6µm;proliferatingpercurrentlynearapex.Conidia solitary, subcylindrical, straight to irregularly curved, apex obtuse, base truncate to bluntly rounded, initially hyaline, with two large po-lar guttules and various smaller guttules, becoming medianly 1-euseptate, golden-brown, and prominently striate, with stria-tions covering the length of the conidium, becoming dark brown afterdischarge,(7–)9–11(–12)×(3.5–)4(–4.5)µm. Culture characteristics—Colonies reaching 30–40mmdiamafter2wkat25°C,withspreading,flatsurface;marginssmooth,lobateandsparseaerialmycelium.OnMEAsurfacepurple-grey,reversevinaceous-grey.OnOAsurfacefuscousblacktogreyishsepia.OnPDAsurfaceandreversegreyishsepia.

Typus. frAncE, LaRéunion,S21°15'44"E55°20'21.7",Avenuedel’Ocean,on leaves of Agave vera-cruz(Agavaceae),10Mar.2014,P.W. Crous & M.J. Wingfield (holotypeCBSH-22404,cultureex-typeCPC26407=CBS140661;ITSsequenceGenBankKT950853,LSUsequenceGenBankKT950867,tub2 sequenceGenBankKT950883,MycoBankMB814931).

Notes—BasedontheLSUsequence,Neosulcatispora(named after the genus Sulcatispora, which clusters in Sulcatispora-ceae;Tanakaetal.2015)appearstobeaspeciesofVrystaatia (tub2sequenceis89%(261/293nucleotides)identicaltoVry-staatia aloeicola(GenBankKF252759)).However,Vrystaatia isahyalineseptoria-likegenus(Quaedvliegetal.2013)andthusmorphologicallyquitedistinctfromNeosulcatispora. Similar genera include Chaetodiplodia, Placodiplodia and Pseudodi-plodia, although all three genera have smooth-walled conidia lackingstriations(Sutton1980).TheDNAsequencesavailableforsomeofthesespeciesonGenBanksuggestthattheyarenotcongeneric.AsingleLSUsequenceof‘Chaetodiplodiasp.CBS568.88’(GenBankEU754142)is98%(841/855nucleotides,3gaps)similartotheLSUsequenceofNeosulcatispora, and thesingleLSUsequenceof‘Pseudodiplodiasp.CBS255.86’(GenBankEU754201)is99%(848/853nucleotides,nogaps)similartotheLSUsequenceofNeosulcatispora.TherearenosequenceslistedasPlacodiplodiaintheNCBIGenBanknu-cleotide database and also no cultures listed under this name intheCBSculturecollectiondatabase.

Neosulcatispora agaves Crous&M.J.Wingf.,sp. nov.


Pilidium eucalyptorum




Pilidium eucalyptorum Crous&M.J.Wingf.,sp. nov. Etymology.NamereferstoEucalyptus, the host genus from which it was collected.

Classification—Chaetomellaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomy-cetes.

OnSNA.Conidiomata pycnidial, globose to oblong, pale brown, smooth,upto300µmdiam,superficial,aggregated,uniloculate;wall of pale brown textura angularis, opening via irregular rup-ture,exudingacreamyconidialmass.Conidiophores hyaline, smooth,branched,septate,filiform,upto35µmlong,1.5–2.5µmdiam.Conidiogenous cells terminal and lateral, monophia-lidic, subcylindrical, straight to curved, smooth, hyaline, with minutepericlinalthickeningandcollarette,5–12×1.5–2µm.Conidia hyaline, smooth, aseptate, cymbiform, guttulate, ends acute,(5–)6–7(–8)×(1.5–)2(–2.5)µm. Culturecharacteristics—Colonies reachingup to50mmdiamafter2wkat25°C,withspreading,flatsurface;marginssmooth,lobateandsparseaerialmycelium.OnMEAsurfaceisabellinewithpatchesofsmokegrey,reverseisabelline.OnOAsurfaceisabelline.OnPDAsurfacedirtywhitewithpatchesofsmokeygrey,reverseisabelline.

Typus. frAncE,LaRéunion,S21°15'52.4"E55°36'3.3",Cd36NddelaPaix, on leaves of Eucalyptus robusta (Myrtaceae),8Mar.2014,P.W. Crous & M.J. Wingfield (holotypeCBSH-22398,cultureex-typeCPC26594=CBS140662; ITS sequenceGenBankKT950854, LSU sequenceGenBankKT950868,MycoBankMB814932).

Notes—ThegenusPilidium has Hainesia synasexual, and Discohainesiasexualmorphs(Rossmanetal.2004).Pilidium eucalyptorum is most similar to Pilidium acerinum(GenBankAY487091;identity449/470(96%),gaps7/470(1%)andPili-dium concavum(GenBankKF255414;identity439/466(94%),gaps2/466(0%)basedonITSsequencedata. Thespeciescommonly associated with diseased cutting in Eucalyptus nurseries is Pilidium concavum(synasexualmorphHainesia lythri;Crousetal.1989).

Colour illustrations.CoastlineofLaRéunion;conidiomataformingonOA, conidiogenous cells and conidia.Scalebars: conidiomata=300µm,allothers=10µm.






Strelitziana syzygii




Strelitzianaceae Crous&M.J.Wingf.,fam. nov. Classification—Strelitzianaceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotio-mycetes.

Colonies lacking mycelium, consisting of a globular mass of chlamydospore-likecells;cellsaseptate,brown,coveredinmucus,globose, thin-walled, ellipsoid to globose.Mycelium when present consisting of pale brown, septate, branched, smooth hyphae, forming sterile, brown, globose, muriformly septate sclerotium-like bodies.Conidiophores reduced to conidio-genouscells.Conidiogenous cells integrated, lateral or terminal

onhyphae,phialidicwithsmallcollarette,solitary.Conidia pale brown,smooth,subcylindricalwithobtuseends,5–17-septate,frequentlyconstrictedatsepta,apexandbasewithprominentmucoid caps, and conidia undergoing microcyclic conidiation in older cultures.Chalara-like synasexualmorphpresent insomespecies.

Type genus: StrelitzianaArzanlou&Crous. MycoBankMB814933.

Generaincludedinfamily—Neophaeococcomyces, Strelit-ziana.

Colour illustrations.MountaingorgeinLaRéunion;symptomaticflowerof Syzygium jambos, chalara-like synasexual morph with small conidia, and hyphae giving rise to long, flexuous conidia of Strelitziana syzygii.Scalebars=10µm.

Strelitziana syzygii Crous&M.J.Wingf.,sp. nov. Etymology.Name refers to thehostgenusSyzygium from which this specieswascollected.

OnSNA.Mycelium consisting of pale brown, septate, branched, smooth,3–4µmdiamhyphae,frequentlyconstrictedatsepta,forming sterile, brown, globose, muriformly septate sclerotium-likebodies,20–40µmdiam.Conidiophores reduced to co-nidiogenouscells.Conidiogenous cells integrated, lateral or terminalonhyphae,phialidicwithsmallcollarette,solitary,2–5µmhigh,2–2.5µmwide.Conidia pale brown, smooth, sub-cylindrical,endsobtuse,5–17-septate,frequentlyconstrictedatsepta,(65–)110–130(–150)×(2–)3µm,apexandbasewithprominent mucoid caps, and conidia undergoing microcyclic conidiationinoldercultures.Chalara-likesynasexualmorph.Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells or with basal supporting cell, erect, ampulliform, unbranched, brown, smooth, 0–1-septate,to22µmtall,3–4µmwide.Conidiogenous cells terminal, longampulliform,12–15×3–4µm;collarette1–2µmlong,apexcylindrical,1–1.5µmwide,withvisibleringwallbuildingatbaseofcollarette.Conidia subcylindrical, apex ob-

tuse,taperingtotruncatebase,1µmdiam,3–4×1.5–2µm,hyaline,smooth,occurringinshortchains. Culturecharacteristics—Colonies reachingup to20mmdiamafter2wkat25°C,withspreading,flatsurface;marginssmooth,lobateandmoderateaerialmycelium.OnMEAsurfaceolivaceousgrey,reverseiron-grey.OnOAsurfaceolivaceousgrey.OnPDAsurfaceolivaceousgrey,reverseiron-grey.

Typus. frAncE,LaRéunion,S21°5'10.5"E55°41'47.9",CheminBeaumont,on leaves of Syzygium jambos (Myrtaceae),12Mar.2014,P.W. Crous & M.J. Wingfield (holotypeCBSH-22401,cultureex-typeCPC26591=CBS140663; ITS sequenceGenBankKT950855, LSU sequenceGenBankKT950869,actAsequenceGenBankKT950874,tef1 sequenceGenBankKT950881,tub2 sequenceGenBankKT950884,MycoBankMB814934).

Notes—ThegenusStrelitzianaformspartofanundefinedclade in the Chaetothyriales, for which the family Strelitziana-ceaeisintroduced.Strelitziana syzygii differs from S. austra-liensis (conidia4–8-septate,(30–)50–60(–73)×2.8–3.2μm; Cheewangkoon et al. 2009) in having longer, pluriseptateconidia.

Neophaeococcomyces Crous&M.J.Wingf.,gen. nov. Etymology.NamereflectsamorphologicalsimilaritytothegenusPhaeo-coccomyces.

Colonies lacking mycelium but consisting of a globular mass ofchlamydospore-likecells;cellsaseptate,hyaline,becoming brown, covered in mucus, globose, thin-walled, remaining attach- ed to one another through younger end cells at colony margin, whichremainattached,detachingonlyduringslidepreparation; ellipsoid to globose, hyaline, thin-walled, covered in mucus, smooth.

Type species: Neophaeococcomyces aloes(Crous&M.J.Wingf.)Crous&M.J.Wingf. MycoBankMB814935.

Neophaeococcomyces aloes(Crous&M.J.Wingf.)Crous&M.J.Wingf.,comb. nov.—MycoBankMB814936

Basionym.Phaeococcomyces aloesCrous&M.J.Wingf.,Persoonia31:237.2013.

Specimen examined. south AfricA,WesternCapeProvince,Clanwilliam,on dark lesions on dead bark of Aloe dichotoma(Xanthorrhoeaceae),Sept.2012, M.J. Wingfield(holotypeCBSH-21441,cultureex-typeCPC21873=CBS136431).

Neophaeococcomyces catenatus(deHoog&Herm.-Nijh.) Crous&M.J.Wingf.,comb. nov.—MycoBankMB814937

Basionym.Phaeococcus catenatusdeHoog&Herm.-Nijh.,Stud.Mycol. 15:126.1977. ≡ Phaeococcomyces catenatus(deHoog&Herm.-Nijh.)deHoog,Taxon28,4:348.1979.

Specimen examined. switzErlAnd,Lausanne,isolatedfromair,Dec.1976, H. Clémençon(holotypeCBSH-7550,cultureex-typeATCC42183=UAMH4357=CBS650.76).

Notes—Phaeococcomyces tends to also have some hyphal growth, while in Neophaeococcomyces colonies have chains ofbrown,buddingcellsthatfrequentlyremainattachedtoone(Moreno-Ricoetal.2014).






Pseudobeltrania ocoteae




Beltraniaceae Nann.,Repert.mic.uomo:498.1934.emend.

Pseudobeltrania ocoteae Crous&M.J.Wingf.,sp. nov. Etymology.NamereferstothehostgenusOcotea on which this fungus wascollected.

Mycelium immersed, consisting of hyaline, septate, branched, 1.5–2.5µmdiamhyphae.Conidiophores solitary, stipe un-branched,straighttoflexuous,(0–)1-septate,20–50×5–8µm,mediumbrown,smooth,withradiallylobedbasalcell,6–8µmdiam.Conidiogenous cellsterminal,integrated,12–40×6–8µm,mediumbrown,polyblastic,withawhorlofterminal,dis-crete,cicatrized,cylindricaldenticles,1–3×2µm.Conidia soli-tary, dry, simple, biconic to pyriform, pale olivaceous, smooth, aseptate, with indistinct transverse median hyaline band in vivo(absentwhenstudiedinvitro),apexobtuse,taperingfrommiddletotruncate,slightlydarkenedhilum,2µmdiam,(21–) 23–27(–29)×(9–)10(–11)µm.Ascomata pale yellow, solitary toaggregatedonOAandPDA,globosetosomewhatpapillate,withcentralostiole,upto250µmdiam;wallof3–4layersofsubhyaline textura angularis to intricata.Pseudoparaphyses hyaline, septate, cellular, anastomosing, distributed among asci.Asci8-spored,sessile,unitunicate,hyaline,subcylindri-cal,70–90×11–16µm,withobtuseapexthatdoesnotstaininMeltzer’sreagent.Ascospores tri- to multiseriate, obovoid, hyaline, granular, smooth, aseptate with non-persistent mucoid sheath,(19–)20–22(–24)×(5.5–)6–7(–8)µm. Culturecharacteristics—Coloniesreachingupto55mmdiamafter2wkat25°C,withspreading,flatsurface;marginssmooth,lobateandmoderateaerialmycelium.OnMEAsurfacedirtywhite,reversecream.OnOAsurfacedirtywhite.OnPDAsurfaceandreversedirtywhite.

Typus. frAncE,LaRéunion,S21°14'34.7"E55°47'55.9",RN2,on leafspots of Ocotea obtusata (Lauraceae), 6Mar. 2014,P.W. Crous & M.J. Wingfield(holotypeCBSH-22396,cultureex-typeCPC26219=CBS140664;ITSsequenceGenBankKT950856,LSUsequenceGenBankKT950870,MycoBankMB814938).

Notes—Beltraniaceae is an old and mostly forgotten family name.HereweprovidethefirstDNAevidencetosupportthefact that this name can be applied to genera in the Beltrania-complex.WealsointroduceanewspeciesofPseudobeltrania.Important generic characteristics includepigmented conidiawith a hyaline transverse band, arising directly from denticu-late conidiogenous cells, without an intervening cell, and the absenceofsetae(Pirozynski1963).Basedonthekeytospe-cies provided for Pseudobeltrania byHeredia et al. (2002), P. ocoteae is clearly distinct based on its conidiophore and conidial dimensions.The sexualmorph recorded here forPseudobeltrania, together with the link of Pseudomassaria carolinensis to Beltraniella (Hodges&Barr1971), representthe only sexual morphs known for Beltraniaceae.

Classification—Beltraniaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.

Myceliumimmersedtosuperficial,composedofsubhyalinetobrown,thin-walledhyphae.Stromata usually present, paren-chymatous to pseudoparenchymatous, hyaline to brown, often confinedtoepidermalcells.Setae present or absent, straight, thick-walled, dark brown, smooth or verrucose, with radially lobedbasalcell,taperingtoacuteapex.Conidiophores simple, erect, septate, pale brown, arising from the base of setae or sep-arate.Conidiogenous cellspalebrown,integrated,denticulate.

Separating cells present or absent, pale brown, thin-walled, oval tosubglobose,withonetoseveraldenticles.Conidia bi conic, lageniform to navicular, subhyaline to red-brown, with transverse band of pale pigment at widest part of the conidium, rounded or 1-denticulate or rostrate at base, apex spicate or apiculateortruncate.

Type genus.BeltraniaPenz.

Generaincludedinfamily—Beltrania, Beltraniella, ?Beltra-niomyces, Beltraniopsis, Parapleurotheciopsis, ?Porobeltra-niella, Pseudobeltrania, ?Subramaniomyces.

Colour illustrations.SymptomaticleavesofOcotea obtusata inLaRéu-nion;colonysporulatingonOA,conidiophoresandconidia,ascomataformingonOA,asciinMeltzer’sreagentandinclearlacticacid,ascospores.Scalebars:ascomata=250µm,allothers=10µm.

PedroW.Crous,CBS-KNAWFungalBiodiversityCentre,P.O.Box85167,3508ADUtrecht,TheNetherlands;e-mail:[email protected]&DavidM.Richardson,CentreforInvasionBiology,DepartmentofBotany&Zoology,StellenboschUniversity,




Neoseptorioides eucalypti




Neoseptorioides Crous,Jacq.Edwards&Pascoe,gen. nov.

Neoseptorioides eucalypti Crous,Jacq.Edwards&Pascoe,sp. nov. Etymology.NamereferstothehostgenusEucalyptus from which the funguswascollected.

Conidiomatablack,unilocular,globose,flattened,upto300µmdiam,openingbymeansofirregularrupture;wallconsistingof3–6layersofpalebrowntextura irregularis to angularis, exud-ingacrystalconidialmass.Paraphyses intermingled among conidiophores, hyaline, cylindrical, 1–3-septatewith obtuseends, up to 40µm tall, 3–4µmwide.Macroconidiophores reducedtoconidiogenouscellsorwithasupportingcell.Macro-conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity in basal layer, hyaline, smooth,subcylindricaltoampulliform,8–15×3–6µm,prolif-eratingseveraltimespercurrentlyattheapex.Macroconidia hyaline, smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical, straight to irregularly curved, apical cell obtuse, base truncate, 0(–3)-euseptate,(18–)35–42(–50)× (3.5–)4(–4.5) µm.Microconidiophores hyaline,smooth,subcylindrical,1–3-septate,straighttoflexu-ous,withconidiogenouscellsterminalandlateral,upto50µmtall,3–5µmwide;proliferatingpercurrentlyorwithpericlinalthickening.Microconidia hyaline, smooth, guttulate, subcylindri-cal,straightorcurved,apexobtuse,basetruncate,frequentlyswollen,(5–)11–18(–25)×(2–)2.5(–3)µm. Culturecharacteristics—Colonies reachingup to15mmdiamafter2wkat25°C,withspreading,flat,foldedsurface;marginssmooth,lobate,andsparseaerialmycelium.OnMEAsurface iron-grey, reverse olivaceous grey.OnOA surfaceolivaceous grey.OnPDA surface grey olivaceous, reverseolivaceousgrey.

Typus. AustrAliA,Victoria,S38°22'49"E145°34'14",TheGurdies,Gurdies-St.HeliersRd,onleaflitterofEucalyptus radiata(Myrtaceae),7Nov.2014,P.W. Crous, J. Edwards & I.G. Pascoe (holotypeCBSH-22395, cultureex-typeCPC25529=CBS140665; ITSsequenceGenBankKT950857,LSUsequenceGenBankKT950871, tef1 sequenceGenBankKT950882,MycoBankMB814940).

Notes—ItisnotpossibletodistinguishNeoseptorioides from Septorioides based on morphology (Quaedvliegetal.2013)becausebothgenerahavesimilarconidiomatalanatomy(open-ingviairregularrupture),thepresenceofparaphyses,andtheyhavecylindricalmacro-andmicroconidia. TheLSUsequenceis97%(786/814nucleotides,2gaps)similartoSeptorioides pini-thunbergiistrainCBS473.91(GenBankKF251746),theITSsequenceonlyhasapartialmatchof94%(223/236nu-cleotides,3gaps)totheITSsequenceofthesamestrain(Gen-BankDQ019397).Therearenotef1sequencesavailableforthisspecies/strainforcomparison;thetef1sequenceis87%(332/383nucleotides,17gaps)similartoSaccharata capen-sis(GenBankEU552094),theITSsequence90%(321/357nucleotides,13gaps)toGenBankKF766224andtheLSU98%(811/831nucleotides,nogaps)toGenBankKF766390.BasedonaninspectionofLSUphylogeny,thenovelgenusdescribedhere is more closely related to Saccharata(Saccharataceae, Botryosphaeriales,Slippersetal.2013,Phillipsetal.2013)than to Septorioides.

Etymology.NamereflectsamorphologicalsimilaritytothegenusSep-torioides.

Classification—Saccharataceae, Botryosphaeriales, Doth-ideomycetes.

Conidiomata black, unilocular, globose, flattened, opening by meansofirregularrupture;wallconsistingof3–6layersofpalebrown textura irregularis to angularis, exuding a crystal conidial mass.Paraphyses intermingled among conidiophores, hyaline, cylindrical,septatewithobtuseends.Microconidiophores hya-line, smooth, subcylindrical, septate, straight to flexuous, with

conidiogenouscellsterminalandlateral;proliferatingpercur-rentlyorwithpericlinalthickening.Microconidia hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, straight or curved, apex obtuse, base truncate, frequently swollen.Macroconidiophores reduced to conidio-genouscellsorwithasupportingcell.Macroconidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity in basal layer, hyaline, smooth, subcylin-dricaltoampulliform.Macroconidia hyaline, smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical, straight to irregularly curved, tapering in apical celltosubobtuseapex,basetruncate,transverselyeuseptate.

Type species.Neoseptorioides eucalypti. MycoBankMB814939.


IanG.Pascoe&JacquelineEdwards,AgriBioCentreforAgriBiosciences,DepartmentofEconomicDevelopment,Jobs,TransportandResources,5RingRoad,LaTrobeUniversity,Bundoora,Victoria3083 Australia;


Colour illustrations.EucalyptustreesgrowinginTheGurdies,Victoria;acervuliformingonOA,conidiophores,macro-andmicroconidia.Scalebars:conidiomata=300µm,allothers=10µm.


Calonectria monticola




Calonectria monticola L.Lombard&Crous,sp. nov. Etymology.Namereflectstheenvironment,amountain,fromwhichthisfunguswascollected.

Classification—Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.

Ascomatanotobserved.Macroconidiophores consist of a stipe bearing a penicillate arrangement of fertile branches, and a stipeextensionterminatinginavesicle;stipeseptate,hyaline,smooth,35–100×5–10μm;stipeextensionseptate,straightto flexuous, 160–220μm long, 4–8μmwideat the apicalseptum, terminating in a broadly clavate vesicle, 4–6 μmdiam.Conidiogenous apparatus40–70μm longand55–90μmwide;primarybranchesaseptate,16–25×4–6μm;secon-darybranchesaseptate,10–20×3–7μm;tertiarybranchesaseptate,9–15×3–5μm;quaternaryandadditionalbranches(–6)aseptate,7–14×2–5μm,eachterminalbranchproducing2–6phialides;phialidesdoliiformtoreniform,hyaline,aseptate,7–11× 2–5μm, apexwithminute periclinal thickening andinconspicuous collarette.Macroconidia cylindrical, rounded atbothends,straight,46–51(–56)×4–6(–7)μm(av.49× 5 μm),3-septate,lackingavisibleabscissionscar,heldinparallelcylindricalclustersbycolourlessslime.Mega- and microconidia notobserved.

Culturecharacteristics—Coloniesfastgrowingat24°ConMEA,producingabundantwhitetobuffaerialmyceliumandsporulatingprofuselyonthemediumsurface;reversesiennatoumberafter7d;chlamydosporesformedabundantlythroughoutthemedium,formingmicrosclerotia.

Typus.thAilAnd, Chaing Mai, from soil collected on Doi Suthep mountain, Nov.2012,P.W. Crous(holotypeCBSH-22376,cultureex-typeCBS140645=CPC28835;ITSsequenceGenBankKT964775,LSUsequenceGenBankKT983443, tub2sequenceGenBankKT964769, tef1sequenceGenBankKT964773,cmdAsequenceGenBankKT964771,MycoBankMB814941),CPC28836(ITSsequenceGenBankKT964776,LSUsequenceGenBankKT983444, tub2sequenceGenBankKT964770, tef1sequenceGenBankKT964774,cmdAsequenceGenBankKT964772).

Notes—Calonectria monticola is a new member of the C. colhouniispeciescomplex(Chenetal.2011,Xuetal.2012,Alfenasetal.2015,Lombardetal.2015a).Macroconidiaof C. monticola(av.49×5μm)aresmallerthanthoseofC. colhounii(av.55×5μm),C. eucalypti(av.72×6μm),C. fujia nensis (av.52.5×4μm),C. nymphaeae(61×6μm)andC. pseudocolhounii (av.60×4.5μm).Allmembersof theC. colhounii complex are considered homothallic as they readily produce yellow to orange perithecia in axenic cultures, which was not observed for C. monticola,evenafter6wkincubation.

Colour illustrations.RiveronDoiSuthepmountaininChiangMai;conidio-phores,vesicles,conidiogenousapparatusandconidia.Scalebars=10µm.

LorenzoLombard&PedroW.Crous,CBS-KNAWFungalBiodiversityCentre,P.O.Box85167,3508ADUtrecht,TheNetherlands;e-mail:[email protected]&[email protected]

RatchadawanCheewangkoon,DepartmentofPlantPathology,FacultyofAgriculture,ChiangMaiUniversity,ChiangMai50200,Thailand;[email protected]

Maximumlikelihoodtree(–InL=–3601.793365)inferredfromthe combined calmodulin (cmdA), β-tubulin (tub2), internaltranscribedspacerandintervening5.8SrRNA(ITS)andtrans-lationelongationfactor1-alpha(tef1)generegions,rootedtoCalonectria colombiensis (CBS112220).AnalysiswasdoneusingRAxMLthroughtheCIPRESwebsite(http://www.phylo.org)usingtheGTR+P–Invarmodel.Bootstrapsupportvalues(replicatesdeterminedby thesoftware)are indicatedat thenodes.Ex-typeculturesareprintedinbold.

30.0

Calonectria fujianensis CBS 127201 (--;HQ285792;HQ285820)

Calonectria paraensis LPF306 (KM396012;KM395925;KM395838)

Calonectria nymphaeae CBS 131802 (--;JN984864;KC555273)

Calonectria pseudocolhounii CBS 127195 (--;HQ285788;HQ285816)

Calonectria colhounii CBS 293.79 (GQ267373;DQ190564;GQ267301)

Calonectria brassicae CBS 111869 (GQ267382;AF232857;FJ918567)

Calonectria paraensis CBS 134669 (KM396011;KM395924;KM395837)

Calonectria pentaseptata CBS 136087 (KJ463083;KJ462966;KJ462853)

Calonectria telluricola CBS 134663 (KM396016;KM395929;KM395842)

Calonectria brassicae CBS 143.72 (KM396075;KM395988;KM395901)

Calonectria fujianensis CBS 127200 (--;HQ285791;HQ285819)

Calonectria colombiensis CBS 112220 (AY725748;GQ267207;AY725711)

Calonectria telluricola CBS 134664 (KM396017;KM395930;KM395843)

Calonectria pini CBS 123698 (GQ267436;GQ267224;GQ267344)

Calonectria orientalis CBS 125259 (GQ267449;GQ267237;GQ267357)

Calonectria pentaseptata CBS 136089 (KJ463084;KJ462967;KJ462854)

Calonectria orientalis CBS 125260 (GQ267448;GQ267236;GQ267356)

Calonectria monticola CPC 28836 (KT964772;KT964770;KT964774)

Calonectria colhounii CBS 114704 (GQ267372;DQ190563;GQ267300)

Calonectria pini CBS 125253 (GQ267437;GQ267225;GQ267345)

Calonectria pseudocolhounii CBS 127196 (--;HQ285789;HQ285817)

Calonectria monticola CBS 140645 (KT964771;KT964769;KT964773)

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Psathyrella complutensis




Psathyrella complutensis Heykoop&G.Moreno, sp. nov. Etymology. Derived from Complutum,RomannameforAlcaládeHenares,thelocalitywherethisspecieswasfoundforthefirsttime.

Classification—Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomy-cetes.

Cap 3–12mmbroadand2–4mmhigh,primordiumglobose,ellipsoid, then semiglobose, convex, somewhat flattened, with umboornot,finallytotallyflat,darkreddishbrownwhenyoung(Munsell2.5YR3/4),sometimesduskyredtodarkred(Mu.10R3/4,3/6),insomespecimensevendarker(Mu.10R2.5/2)atcentre,elsewheredarkbrown(Mu.7.5YR3/4),becomingreddishbrown(Mu.2.5/YR4/4)orreddishyellow(Mu.7.5YR6/6).Marginpaler,hygrophanous,faintlystriate,afterdryingitbecomesfirststronglyochraceousthencream;inprimordiumstageentirelycoveredbyafibrillosewhiteveil,appearinglaterasdispersedfibrilshalf-waytocentre,evanescent.Gills distant, L=11–17,broadlyadnate,ventricose,verypalebrownwhenyoung (Mu.10YR8/4), reddishgrey (Mu.5YR5/2) todarkreddishbrown(Mu.5YR3/2)atmaturity,withwhitefimbriateedge;lamellulaepresent.Stem10–30×0.5–1mm,cylindrical,sometimes curved and slightly widened at base, sometimes united with other stipes forming small bundles, fragile, whitish topalebrown(Mu.10YR6/3),top1/4partverypruinose,below fibrillosebecauseofveilremnants,andwhitetomentoseatthe base.Tastemild,smellnone.Spore-print:reddishblack(Mu. 10R2.5/1).Spores9–12.5(–14.5)×5–6.5(–8)µm,av.10.3– 11.3×5.4–6µm(7collections),Qav=1.82–1.97,oblong,el-lipsoid,smooth,withawell-definedgermpore(upto2µm),inNH4OH(10%)reddishbrown.Basidia4-spored,17–25× 9.5–12µm,sterigmataupto5µminheight,clavate,hyaline,butsometimeswithbrownishintracellularpigment.Cheilocystidia numerous,veryvariable,utriform(somesubcapitate)tofusiformorlageniform,25–35×7–15µm,hyaline,intermixedwithmoreorlessabundantclavatecells,15–22×10–16µm,hyaline.Pleurocystidiaabsent.Caulocystidia present in the upper part of the stem, similar to cheilocystidia.Hymenophoral trama inNH4OH(10%)distinctlyyellowishbrownfrommembranalpigment,withyellowishhyphalseptaandsomeencrustations.Clamp-connections notseen. Habitat&Distribution—Growingsolitary,gregariousorevenfasciculate(smallgroupsconsistingof2–5unitedbasidiomata)on calcareous loamy soil under Kochia prostrata, with Urtica, among mosses and Nostoc. So far known fromSpain andSweden, but probably often mistaken for P. effibulata.

Typus.spAin,AlcaládeHenares,ParquedelosCerros,onslopeswithKochia prostrataonloamysoilamongmosses,4Dec.2014,M. Heykoop, G. Moreno & M. Lizárraga (holotypeAH33713, ITSsequenceGenBankKR261441,LSUsequenceGenBankKR233834,MycoBankMB812345).

Additional specimens examined.Psathyrella complutensis: spAin, AlcaládeHenares,ParquedelosCerros,underKochia prostrata on slopes onloamysoilamongmosses,4Dec.2014,M. Heykoop, G. Moreno & M. Lizárraga, paratypeAH45541; ibid., paratypeAH45542 (ITS, LSU se-quencesGenBankKR261442,KR233835);ibid.,paratypeAH45543;Alcalá

deHenares,ElGurugú, inopenareasunderKochia prostrata, on loamy soil among Nostoc and mosses, M. Heykoop & J. Álvarez,8Nov.1997,paratypeAH23895(ITSsequenceGenBankKR261444);ibid.,AH23896(ITSsequenceGenBankKR261443).–swEdEn,Skåne,Kristianstad,Näsbyfält,onloamysoil,19Aug.2004,L. Örstadius,Herb.Örstadius92-04(ITS,LSUsequencesGenBankKR261440,KR233833).Psathyrella effibulata: swEdEn,Skåne.Ö.Sönnarslöv,Kristinelund,inanitrophilouspasture27Aug.2008,L. Örstadius,Herb.Örstadius103-08(ITS,LSUsequencesGenBankKR261439,KR233832);Skåne,Trolle-Ljungby.Tosteberga,inapastureonsandy calcareous soil, in a thicket of Crataegus and Corylus,2Aug.2011,L. Örstadius,Herb.Örstadius99-11(ITS,LSUsequencesGenBankKR261438,KR233831);Skåne,Ravlunda,Klammersbäck,inapasturewithCrataegus, 5Oct.2012,L. Örstadius,Herb.Örstadius149-12(ITS,LSUsequencesGenBankKR261437,KR233830).Psathyrella purpureobadia: spAin,AlcaládeHenares,incalcareouspastureunderKochia prostrata,12Dec.1991, A. Altés & G. Moreno,AH23690(ITSsequenceGenBankKR261436).

Notes —Psathyrella complutensis is characterised by its smallsize,thereddishbrowncolourofitscaps,theabsenceofpleurocystidia and by growing with gregarious to subcaespitose habitonloamycalcareoussoils.In our phylogenyP. complutensis is included in a clade to-gether with P. purpureobadia and P. effibulata, all of which lackclamp-connections.Psathyrella complutensis keys out in sect.Spintrigerae (KitsvanWaveren1985),becauseof thelack of pleurocystidia, though its average spore length is longer than 10 µm.Accordingtothisfeatureandthesmallsizeofitsbasidiomata it could also be placedwithin sect.Atomatae.However,Kits vanWaveren (1985)stated that carpophoresinthissectionarenevercaespitoseorsubcaespitose.Inthephylogenyof Larsson&Örstadius (2008),P. effibulata and P. purpureobadia are sometimes included together in a clade sistertothecalcareaclade(≈sect.Atomatae)definedbyNagyetal.(2013).Inourphylogeny,however,thisrelationshipcouldnotbesupported.Psathyrella purpureobadia differs from P. complutensis because ofitslargersize,vinaceousbrownishcoloursofthecaps(similarto those observed in P. bipellis),numerouspleurocystidia,dif-ferentlyshapedandmuchlongercheilocystidia(upto58 µminlength),andmuchdarkerandslightlylongerspores.Arnolds(2003)statedsporesofP. purpureobadia measure on average 10.4–10.8×5.4–5.6µm;however,ourmaterial(AH23690)haslongersporesmeasuring11.9×6.8µmonaverage.Psathyrella effibulata differs from P. complutensis because of the presence of pleurocystidia, different colours of the cap, slightly larger basidiomata which are not fasciculate and smaller spores, measuringonaverage8.5–9.9×4.3–5µmvs10.3–11.3µm×5.4–6µminP. complutensis.TheITSphylogenetictreeofPsathyrellaceae was constructed in MrBayes, and both Bayesian posterior probability and maxi-mumlikelihoodbootstrapsupportareannotated.Intheresultingtree, most infrageneric nodes were not resolved, providing little informationaboutthephylogeneticaffiliationofthenewspecies.Psathyrella complutensis is closely related to P. effibulata and P. purpureobadia.All three speciesdisplay somedegreeofintraspecificvariability(only1/567bpinP. complutensis).Thelow interspecific variability of the ITS regionbetween thesetaxa could be causing the relatively low Bayesian support for P. complutensis (0.77), although this couldprobably be im-proved by sequencing additionalmarkers (for phylogenetictree,seeMycoBank).

Colour illustrations.Spain,Madrid,AlcaládeHenares,Parquede losCerros, slope on loamy soil with Kochia prostrata and mosses where the holotypewascollected;basidiomata,cheilocystidia,basidiolesandcellsofthesubhymeniumlackingclamp-connections,spores(allfromtheholotype).Scalebars=1cm(basidiomata),10µm(microscopicelements),2µm(sporesunderSEM).

MichelHeykoop,GabrielMoreno&PabloAlvarado,DepartamentodeCienciasdelaVida(ÁreadeBotánica),UniversidaddeAlcalá,E-28805AlcaládeHenares,Spain;

e-mail:[email protected],[email protected]&[email protected]


Chlorophyllum lusitanicum




Chlorophyllum lusitanicum G.Moreno,Mohedano,Manjón,Carlavilla&Altés,sp. nov. Etymology.FromLusitania(ancientIberianRomanprovinceincludingthe southern part of Portugal and mainly the autonomous community of ExtremadurainthewestofSpain),thegeographicareawherethisspecieshasbeencollected.

Classification—Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.

Epigeous basidiomata1.5–3.5×1.2–3.4cm(measurementstakenfromherbariummaterial),irregularlygloboseorsubglo-bose, rarely obpyriform, not lobed, white with light pink tones when young and after friction, but dark brown atmaturity.Peridium smooth, breaking into polygonal patches at maturity (similartoLycoperdon utriforme),c.0.2–0.5mmthick,formedby cylindrical, septate, thin-walled, smooth hyphae lacking incrustations, 4–8 µmdiam, clamp connections not seen.Stipeabsentorrudimentarywithathickwhitishmycelialcord.Columella well-developed, reaching half to the fruiting body, upto1cmwide,andwhitishincolour.Gleba whitish to pale yellowish,frequentlypresentingsmallcavitiesandwithascalyappearance in herbariummaterial, breakingeasily.Basidia 35–43× 15–18µm, clavate to broadly ellipsoid,with 1–4sterigmata,variableinlength,c.8–16×1.4–2µm,formingatruehyalinehymenium.Clamp connections rarely observed at thebaseofthebasidiaandbasidioles.Basidiospores globose tosubglobose,morerarelyovoidtoellipsoid(abnormalsporesfrequentlyillustratedingastroidfungialsoseen),10–14(–15)× 10–13(–14)µm,(L/W=1.0–1.08),germporeabsent,hyaline,smooth, dextrinoid, with a large lipid droplet and hilar appendix, 2–3(–5)×1.5–2µm.Smellandtastenotrecorded. Habitat&Distribution—Grasslandareasused for cattlegrazing(dehesaormontadoanthropogenicagro-sylvo-pastoralsystem),whereoaksasholm(Quercus ilexsubsp.ballota)andcorkoak(Q. suber)arethedominanttrees.CurrentlyknownonlyfromCáceres,Spain.

Typus.spAin,Extremadura,Cáceres,NavalmoraldelaMata,JaraldelRomeral,besidethereservoirArroyodeBarrancasAltas,280masl,nitrifiedgrasslands with cow manure,16Nov.2011,J.M. Mohedano & J.A. Suárez (holotypeAH45540, ITSsequenceGenBankKR233482,LSUsequenceGenBankKR233491,MycoBankMB812380).

Additional specimens examined.Chlorophyllum lusitanicum: spAin, besidethereservoirArroyodeBarrancasAltas,JaradelRomeral,Naval-moral de laMata,Cáceres, grasslandofQuercus suber, 23Nov. 2011,J.M. Mohedano, C. Gelpi, J.A. Suárez & G. Moreno,AH43927(ITS,LSUsequencesGenBankKR233483,KR233492);Turuñuelofarm,NavalmoraldelaMata,Cáceres, dehesa grassland, Nov.2011,J.A. Suárez,AH45643;NavalmoraldelaMata,Cáceres,dehesagrassland, 12Nov.2012,J.M. Mo-hedano,AH45539(ITS,LSUsequencesGenBankKR233484,KR233493);dehesagrassland,besidethereservoirArroyodeBarrancasAltas,JaradelRomeral,Cáceres,5Apr.2012,J.M. Mohedano & A. Rodríguez,AH45644.Chlorophyllum agaricoides: spAin,TorosdeGuisando,besidetheCañadaReal,ElTiemblo,Ávila,prairie,1June2008,R. González,AH42972(ITS,LSUsequencesGenBankKR233485,KR233494);Añe,Segovia,prairie,31Oct.2008,F. Gracia,AH45645;ValdecañasdeTajo,Cáceres,prairiefrequentedbysheep,10Nov.2011,J.M. Mohedano,AH43926(ITS,LSUsequencesGenBankKR233486,KR233495); ibid.,AH43924 (ITS,LSU

sequencesGenBankKR233487,KR233496)andAH43925(ITS,LSUse-quencesGenBankKR233488,KR233497);MillanesdelaMata,Cáceres,prairie,8Nov.2011,J.A. Suárez,AH43928(ITS,LSUsequencesGenBankKR233489,KR233498);NavalmoraldelaMata,Cáceres,prairieofholmoak,10Nov.2011,Soc. Micol. Extremadura,AH45646;Moncalvillodehesa,SanAgustíndeGuadalix,Madrid,prairieofholmoak,9Nov.2013,F. Melgar,AH44060;Madrid,prairieofholmoak,15Nov.2013,Soc. Micol. Madrid,AH44064.Chlorophyllum arizonicum: MExico,km31Hermosillo-Yécora,LaColorada,Sonora,thornybushes,11Nov.1996,M. Esqueda, A. Armenta, A. Núñez, R. Rodríguez & R. Santos,AH31724(ITS,LSUsequencesGenBankKR233490,KR233499).

Notes—Chlorophyllum lusitanicum is characterised by the globose to subglobose basidiomata, whitish to pink hues when young, whitish short columella, reaching a maximum of half of the fruiting body, gleba white to yellowish white at maturity, globosetosubglobosespores,10–14(–15)×10–13(–14)µm,hyaline, smooth and dextrinoid, with few clamps at the base of thebasidiaandbasidioles.ThepositionandcompositionofMacrolepiota within the Agari-caceae and its phylogenetic relationships with other members ofthefamilywereinvestigated,usingbothmolecular(ITSandLSUrDNAsequences)andmorphologicalcharacters.Themo-lecular data separate the genus into two clades Macrolepiota and Chlorophyllum(Vellingaetal.2003).ThesecotioidgenusEndoptychumtypifiedbyE. agaricoides, must belong to Chlo-rophyllum as C. agaricoides(Vellinga2002,2003).However,the phylogenetic position of Endoptychum arizonicum is unre-solved, being sister to Agaricus and Chlorophyllum(Vellinga2002,Lebel&Syme2012).Chlorophyllum agaricoides is a species close to C. lusitanicum, but differs by its stipitate to percurrent basidiomata, well-devel-oped columella, dark brown gleba at maturity, and greenish to yellowishbrown,ellipsoidspores,notlargerthan10µmlong(Morenoetal.2007).

Chlorophyllum arizonicum(Shear&Griffiths)G.Moreno&Altés,comb. nov.—MB814884

Basionym.Secotium arizonicumShear&Griffiths,Bull.TorreyBot.Club29:450.1902.

Notes—Chlorophyllum arizonicum is a similar species, differingbyitssmallerbasidiomata,1–1.3cmdiaminourcol-lections,2–4×1.5–3cmdiamintheoriginaldescription(Shear1902),withnotfullydevelopedcolumella,smallerspores,7–12µmdiamandgrowinginxerophilousareas.AmorphologicalstudyoftheArizonatypematerialandothercollectionsofde-sertareasfromUSAandMexico(Hermosillo,SanLuisPotosi,Sonora)wasconductedbyMorenoetal.(2007).OtherspeciesdescribedasEndoptychumhaveaffinitieswithAgaricus and they have been transferred to that genus, for example, Endoptychum depressum (≡ Agaricus inapertus;Vellingaetal.2003).Similarly,theAustralianspeciesasEndo-ptychum melanosporum, E. moongum and E. wariatodes are also morphologically related to Agaricus(Lebel&Syme2012).Thephylogenetic treewasbasedonamaximum likelihood(ML)analysisof ITSandLSUsequenceswith theprogramMEGAv.6.05.Lepiota cristatawasusedasoutgroup.Boot-strapsupportvalues≥75%aregivenabovethebranches(forphylogenetictree,seeMycoBank).

Colour illustrations.Spain,NavalmoraldelaMata,nitrifiedgrasslandswithcowmanurewheretheholotypewascollected;basidiomata;fruitbodysectionandglebadetailandcolumella;tetrasporic,bisporicandmonosporicbasidia,basidiosporesinwater,ammoniacalcongoredandMelzerreactive(holotypeAH45540).Scalebars=1 cm (basidiomata), 10µm (basidia,spores,basidiolebyLM),2µm(sporesbySEM).

GabrielMoreno,JustoMuñozMohedano,JoséL.Manjón,JuanR.Carlavilla&AlbertoAltés,DepartamentodeCienciasdelaVida(ÁreadeBotánica),UniversidaddeAlcalá,E-28805AlcaládeHenares,Madrid,Spain;

e-mail:[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]&[email protected]


Phytophthora gondwanensis




Phytophthora gondwanensis L.A.Shuttlew.,K.Scarlett,R.Daniel&D.I.Guest,sp. nov. Etymology.Name refers toGondwanaRainforestsofAustraliaWorldHeritageAreawherethisspecieswascollected.

Classification—Peronosporaceae, Peronosporidae, Oomy-cota.

Myceliaoftengnarledandtortuous.Sporangia initially abundant afterisolationfromsoil,andon10%V8agarafter5d,cadu-cous, papillate, papilla sometimes elongated, mainly globose toovoid,sometimeslimoniform,obturbinate,obpyriform,39.3± 5.2× 30.5 ± 3.4µm (range26.1–57.1× 22.5–38.6µm),length/breadthratio1.2±0.1,pedicellengthlessthan5µm.Sporangiophoressympodial.Sporangialproductioninculturedecreasedovertime.Chlamydosporesnotobserved.Sexor-gans:homothallic,amphigynous,hyalinetoyellow.Oospores formed abundantly in soil.Oogonia abundant onV8 after5 d, globose, smooth, borne laterally and terminally, mainly monosporousandplerotic,23.6–32.1(av.28.4)µmdiam,wallranging from1.5–4.5 (av.2.7)µm.Antheridia monoclinous, elongate,9.6–13.9(av.11.5)µmdiam. Culturecharacteristics—OncarrotagarandV8agarcolo-nies are flat, on PDA they are more aerial, dense and slower growing.Optimum temperatures for growth25–30°C (55.5mmand55.3mmdiamin5d,respectively),1–2mmat5°C,nogrowthat35°C.Speciesispathogenictolupinseedlings,causingrootrotafter3–4wk.

Colour illustrations.Australia,NewSouthWales,OxleyWildRiversNationalPark,ApsleyFalls(photo:L.A.Shuttleworth).LtoR:ex-typecultureon10%V8agar,globosepapillatesporangium,amphigynousoospore.Scalebars=20µm.

LucasA.Shuttleworth&KellyScarlett,UniversityofSydney,FacultyofAgricultureandEnvironment,Australia;e-mail:[email protected]&[email protected]

RosalieDaniel,UniversityofSydney,FacultyofAgricultureandEnvironmentandElizabethMacarthurAgriculturalInstitute,NSWDepartmentofPrimaryIndustries,Australia;

e-mail:[email protected],UniversityofSydney,FacultyofAgricultureandEnvironment,Australia;e-mail:[email protected]

Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the combined ITS/coxII dataset(−ln9986.75)showingthepositionofP. gondwanen-sis inclade10.Valuesdisplayedatbranchesaremaximumparsimonybootstrap≥70%(1stvalue),maximumlikelihoodbootstrap≥70%(2ndvalue)andBayesianposteriorprobability≥0.95(3rdvalue).P=WorldPhytophthoraGeneticResourceCollection,UniversityofCalifornia,Riverside,USA;W=RoyalBotanicGardensandDomainTrustculturecollection,Sydney,Australia.

P. bisheria P10117

P. frigida P16051

W1880 Mt Barney NP QLD

P. multivora P1817

LM 24 Lamington NP QLD

P. citricola P0716

W1856 Oxley Wild Rivers NP NSW

P. alticola P16052

P. arenaria CBS 127950

W1881 Dorrigo NP NSW

P. heveae P3428

SP16 Springbrook NP QLD

97 I Oxley Wild Rivers NP NSW

140 II Washpool NP NSW

HFW5 I Willi Willi NP NSW

P. cinnamomi P2110

136 I Barrington Tops NP NSW

133 I Werrikimbe NP NSW

MH004 Mt Hyland NR NSW

116-II Gibraltar Range NP NSW

P. parvispora CBS 411.96

P. cinnamomi var. robiniae P16350

P. erythroseptica P1699

P. sp. aff. erythroseptica P10811

P. cryptogea P1088 GI

181A I Barrington Tops NP NSW

145F II Oxley Wild Rivers NP NSW

Carrai7 II Oxley Wild Rivers NP NSW

145D I Oxley Wild Rivers NP NSW

14 II Barrington Tops NP NSW

14 I Barrington Tops NP NSW

NE015 New England NP NSW


P. cryptogea P3103 GII


W1878 Border Ranges NP NSW

NE006 New England NP NSW

196 II Gibraltar Range NP NSW

MR19 Main Range NP QLD

W1879 Border Ranges NP NSW

P. cryptogea P10613 GIII

26 II Oxley Wild Rivers NP NSW

P. macrochlamydospora P10267

P. richardiae P6875

P. quininea P3247 CBS 139337 Dorrigo NP NSW

CBS139336 Oxley Wild Rivers NP NSW

Pythium undulatum P10342

Phytopythium vexans P3980

10095/1.0

100100/1.0

100/100 1.0

100/99/1.0

9998/1.0

9899/1.0

7775/0.99

10099/1.0

100100/1.0

99100/1.0

9999/1.0

98/87/-

100/100 1.0

100/100 1.0

100100/1.0

100100/1.0

90/85/-

100100/1.0

94/91/1.0

100/99/1.0

7976/1.0 100/99/1.0

100100/1.0

0.05 substitutions/site

P. frigida

P. multivora

Phytophthora sp.

P. heveae

P. cinnamomi

P. cryptogea GII

P. cryptogea GIII

P. macrochlamydospora

P. gondwanensis sp. nov.

-/-1.0

Clade 2

Clade 5

Clade 7b

Clade 8a

Clade 9

Clade 10

Clade 4

P. boehmeriae P6950

P. kernoviae P10681

P. gallica P16826

98 99/1.0

Typus.AustrAliA,NewSouthWales,OxleyWildRiversNationalPark,collectedfromsoil,coll.L.A. Shuttleworth & B.L. Freedman,28Nov.2011,isol.K. Scarlett,Mar.2014(holotypeadried10%V8agardiscCBSH-22283;cultureex-typeW1858=CBS139336=CMW42633,ITSsequenceGen-BankKP070695,coxIIsequenceGenBankKP070638,tub2sequenceGen- BankKP070605,MycoBankMB812576).

Additional specimen examined.AustrAliA,NewSouthWales,DorrigoNa-tionalPark,coll.R. Daniel & D.I. Guest,isol.K. Scarlett,Mar.2014,paratypedried10%V8agardiscCBSH-22284,cultureex-paratypeW1857=CBS139337=CMW42634,ITSsequenceGenBankKP070696,coxIIsequenceGenBankKP070637,tubsequenceGenBankKP070598.

Notes—Phylogenetically,P. gondwanensis is a strongly supported species residing in clade 10 with maximum likelihood bootstrap support, maximum parsimony bootstrap support and Bayesianposteriorprobability100%,99%and1.0,respec-tively(Scarlettetal.2015).Thisspeciesismostcloselyrelatedto P. boehmeriaebutdiffersby16fixedpolymorphismsonITS,17oncoxII and 22 on tub2.Morphologically,P. gondwanensis has smaller sporangial dimensions and smaller antheridia than P. boehmeriae(Erwin&Ribeiro1996).


Diaporthe tulliensis




Diaporthe tulliensis R.G.Shivas,Vawdrey&Y.P.Tan,sp. nov. Etymology.NamereferstothetownTully,nearwherethefunguswascollected.

Classification—Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomy-cetes.

SporulatesonPDAandwheatstrawpiecesonWAafter4wk.Conidiomata pycnidial, scattered, aggregated in small groups upto4mmdiam,subglobose,upto500μmdiam,ostiolate,beaks absent or up to 1 mm long, cream to pale yellow conidial dropletsexudedfromostioles;wallsthin,composedofaninnerlayer of yellowish brown textura angularis and an outer layer of darker yellowish brown textura epidermoidea.Conidiophores formed from the inner layer of the locular wall, reduced to coni-diogenous cells, hyaline, cylindrical, tapered towards the apex, 15–20×1.5–2.5μm.Alpha conidia oval to cylindrical, rounded attheapex,obconicallytruncateatbase,hyaline,(4.5–)5–7× 2–2.5(–3)μm.Beta conidia scarce amongst the alpha conidia, flexuous,hamate,hyaline,25–30×1.0(–1.5)μm. Culturecharacteristics— (after1wkinthedarkandafurther3wkunder12hultraviolet light /12hdarkcycle,at23°C):Colonies on PDA cover the entire plate, flat with no aerial my-celium,white,reverseoff-white.OnOAagarcoloniescovertheentire plate, flat with sparse aerial mycelium, olivaceous grey diffusedwithgreyolivaceouspatches(Rayner1970),reversegreyish sepia with irregular stromatic patches bordered by nar-rowdarkmargins.

Typus.AustrAliA,Queensland,Tully,fromrottedstemendoffruitofTheo-broma cacao,10Feb.2015,M. Smith(holotypeBRIP62248a(includesex-typeculture);ITSsequenceGenBankKR936130,LSUsequenceGenBankKR936131,tub2sequenceGenBankKR936132,tef1sequenceGenBankKR936133,MycoBankMB812896).

Notes—Atleasttwootherspecies,Phomopsis folliculicola and P. theobromae, have been isolated and described from Theobroma cacao (Uecker1988).Oneofthesespecies,P. folliculicola, causes cacao pod rot, whereas the other, P. theobro-mae,inhabitscacaoleaves(Punithalingam1974).Thesetwospecies, as well as D. tulliensis, all possess morphologically similaralphaconidiaintherange5–8×2–3μm.DNAsequencedata is not available from the holotype specimens of either P. folliculicola or P. theobromae.For taxonomicstabilityandclarity,thefungusfromnorthernQueenslandisdescribedasnew.AlthoughD. tulliensis was isolated from the rotting stem end of a cacao pod, it is not known whether this fungus is a pathogen,anopportunisticsaprobeoranendophyte.

Colour illustrations.Theobroma cacaocultivatedinnorthernQueensland,Australia(imagebyYanDiczbalis);coloniesonPDA(left)andOA(right),surface (top) and reverse (bottom); conidiomataonwheat strawpieces;conidiaandconidiophores.Scalebars=1cm,1mm,10μmand10μm.

RogerG.Shivas&YuPeiTan,DepartmentofAgricultureandFisheries,EcosciencesPrecinct,GPOBox267,Brisbane4001,Queensland,Australia;

e-mail:[email protected]&[email protected],DepartmentofAgricultureandFisheries,CentreforWetTropicsAgriculture,SouthJohnstone,

Queensland,Australia;e-mail:[email protected]


Diaporthe vawdreyi




Diaporthe vawdreyi Y.P.Tan&R.G.Shivas,sp. nov. Etymology.NamerecognisesLyntonLeslieVawdrey,aneminentandrespectedAustralianplantpathologist,whofirstisolatedthisfungus.

Classification—Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomy-cetes.

SporulatesonPDA,OAandwheatstrawpiecesonWAafter4wk.Conidiomata pycnidial, scattered, aggregated in small groupsup to 2mmdiam, subglobose, up to 250μmdiam,ostiolate, beaks up to 1 mm long, abundant cream to pale yellow conidialdropletsexudedfromostioles;wallscomposedofanin-ner layer of yellowish brown textura angularis and an outer layer of darker yellowish brown textura epidermoidea.Conidiophores formed from the inner layer of the locular wall, ampulliform to lageniform, mostly reduced to conidiogenous cells or 1-septate, hyaline,6–15×1.5–3μmatbase.Alpha conidia cylindrical, rounded at the apex, sometimes tapered towards the base, hyaline,(5.5–)6–8×1.5–2(–2.5)μm.Beta conidia abundant, flexuous,mostlyhamate,hyaline,(18–)25–33×1.0(–1.5)μm. Culturecharacteristics— (after1wkinthedarkandafurther2wkunder12hultraviolet light /12hdarkcycle,at23°C):ColoniesonPDA6–7cmdiam,flatwithnoaerialmycelium,margin undulate, off white to faintly mauve, agar darkens, re-verseirregularlyzonate,palehazelatmarginbecomingdarkertowardscentre.OnOAcoloniescovertheentireplate,flat,rosybuff with irregular grey patches, reverse cinnamon with irregular stromaticpatchesborderedbynarrowdarkmargins(Rayner1970).

Typus.AustrAliA,Queensland,EastFeluga,fromfruitrotofPsidium guajava,18Sept.2014,Y. Diczbalis(holotypeBRIP57887a(includesex-typeculture); ITS sequenceGenBankKR936126, LSU sequenceGenBankKR936127,tub2sequenceGenBankKR936128,tef1sequenceGenBankKR936129,MycoBankMB812895).

Colour illustrations.Psidium guajavacultivatedinnorthernQueensland,Australia;symptomaticfruit,coloniesonPDA(top)andOA(bottom),surface(left)andreverse(right);conidiophores,betaconidia,conidiomaandalphaconidia.Scalebars=1cm,1cm,10μm,10μm,100μmand10μm.

YuPeiTan&RogerG.Shivas,DepartmentofAgricultureandFisheries,EcosciencesPrecinct,GPOBox267,Brisbane4001,Queensland,Australia;


Notes—Atleasttwootherspecies,Phomopsis destructa (as‘destructum’)andP. psidii, have been isolated from Psidium (Uecker1988).Oneof thesetwospecies,P. destructa, was associated with pulpy fruit rot of Psidium guajava inIndia(Raoet al. 1976). Diaporthe vawdreyi has alpha conidia that are shorter than those of P. destructa (11–30μm)andbetaconidiathat are longer than those of P. psidii (14.5–18.5μm).Although D. vawdreyi was isolated from a specimen of rotted fruit, it is not known whether this fungus is a pathogen, opportunistic sa pro-beorendophyte.


Hygrocybe jackmanii




Hygrocybe jackmanii Lebeuf,Thorn,Boertm.&Voitk,sp. nov. Etymology.NameisatributetoCaptainWilliamJackman,whoswambackandforthfromshore27timestosave27personsfromastorm-groundedship.Hygrocybe jackmaniifruitsduringthesamestormyearlyOctoberonthesameLabradorshoreswhereJackman’sheroicfeattookplace.

Classification—Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomy-cetes.

Macroscopic: Pileus10–40mmdiam,convex,decurvedmar-gin, plane with age, centre plane to depressed, margin slightly crenulate;radiallyadpressedfibrilloseapproachingsquamuloseinthecentre;opaque,onlyedgeofmarginslightlytranslucent;orange-red,centralsquamulesbrown-grey,marginfringedwithyellowfibrils.Lamellae: distant to moderately spaced, up to 3mmwide;sinuous,adnate;yellow,turningorangewithma-turity;lamellulae0–3.Stipe:12–45×3–6mm;even;smoothwithsparseyellowflocculationatapex;ringless;solidtopithy;apexorange-yellow,lightertowardbase,nostaining;usuallyhalf-buriedinsand.Context:yellow;smellnonspecific;tastenonspecific.Sporeprintwhite.Entirefruitbodyslightlywaxytosticky.Microscopic: Spores (type collection, 3 sporocarps, n=96)(10.4–)11.8–15.1(–18)×(3.6–)4.2–5.5(–6.2)μm(mean=13.5×4.8),Q=(2.1–)2.5–3.1(–3.5)(mean2.8);evenlycylindrical,at times slightly constricted with concave side and occasion-ally distally swollen;walls smooth, thin, inamyloid; contentsamorphous.Basidia 51–65× 7–9μm, 4-spored, basidiolesnumerous,somesegmentedwithshortbasalcells.Cystidia none seen.Clamp-connections present in all tissues, with medallion-clampsonsomebasidiaandbasidioles.Lamellar trama subregular, of non-inflated cells with perpendicular cross walls, 55–172× 5–8µm.Pileipellis a trichoderm in young fruitbodies,inolderacutis,endcells28–96×7–10µm,somewithgrey-browncontent. Habitat—Ingroups inshiftingsandadjacent toheathorvascularplants,butnotamongthem;ofnearbymoss,dunegrass, Alnus viridisssp.crispa, and Empetrum nigrum nearby, E. nigrumseemsthemostconsistent;fruitstogetherwithAlpova cinnamomea and Sabuloglossum arenarium. Distribution—Currentlyonlyknownfromthetypelocation. Phylogeny—TheITSsequenceoftheholotypecollection(amplifiedwithprimersITS8-FandITS6-R)washeterozygotic,withonehaplotypehavingtwoinsertionstotalling3basesinITS1plusasingleheterozygoussite (C/T)early in ITS2. Incontrast,thesequenceofourmaterialofH. andersonii lacked indelsbuthadtwoseparateC/Theterozygositiesinthe5.8SandITS2regions.Neighbour-joiningandmaximumparsimonyanalyses placed both haplotypes of H. jackmanii as sister to the two available sequences ofH. andersonii, but differing sufficiently(12.7%)toconsiderH. jackmanii as a separate spe-cies.Bothspecieswereplacedinsubg.Pseudohygrocybe,sect.

Colour illustrations.Hygrocybe jackmaniiinsituinLabradorsanddune.Upperinsertshowscharacteristicgrowthinsand,ontheborderofheath,butnotintheheath.Closetomoss,dunegrass,alderandcrowberry;thelast(Empetrum nigrum)isthemostconsistentclosepotentialpartner.Lowerinsertshowselongatedspores,11.8–15.1µminlength.Amongredspeciesof Hygrocybe with a dark disc, only H. andersoniiaslongerspores.Scalebar=10µm.

RenéeLebeuf,5251rueRiviera,apt102,Pierrefonds,QC,H8Z3H7,Canada,e-mail:[email protected],DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofWesternOntario,London,ON,N6A5B7,Canada,e-mail:[email protected]

DavidBoertmann,DepartmentofBioscience,AarhusUniversity,Frederiksborgvej399,P.O.Box358,DK-4000Roskilde,Denmark,e-mail:[email protected],Box2312,RR#1,CornerBrook,NL,A2H2N2,Canada;e-mail:[email protected]

Firmae, in a clade with H. miniata.However,sect.Cocci neae anditssubsect.Squamulosae were not resolved as monophy-leticbytheseITSdata,soaconclusiveplacementofH. andersonii and H. jackmaniiawaitsfurthersequencedata.

Typus.cAnAdA,Forteau,Labrador,NewfoundlandandLabrador,inlittoralsanddunes,2Oct.2011,A. Voitk (holotypeDAOM574886,ITSsequenceGenBankKT207630(haplotypeA)andKT207631(haplotypeB),alignmentinTreeBASES17881;MycoBankMB812924); isotypesRenée Lebeuf HRL1060,UWO-F1,David Boertmann11.10.02(av15).

Notes—Long,cylindricalsporessetHygrocybe jackmanii apart from all other species of Hygrocybewithdarksquamuleson the disc, except the recently described H. andersonii.Thelat-terisasouthernspeciesgrowingalongtheUSGulfCoastwithCeratiola ericodes.ThatplantisnotknownnorthofsouthernSouthCarolina.Incontrast,H. jackmanii is a northern fungus, seemingly associated with Empetrum nigrum, an ericaceous inhabitantofnorthernsanddunes.Phylogenyhasshownthesetwo fungalspecies tobedistinct.Segmentedbasidiolesareanunusualcharacterfoundinsect.Firmae.Foranadditionaldescription of H. jackmanii,seeLebeufetal.(2016).

A Muscle alignment of 50 Hygrocybe sequences selectedfromGenBankbasedonLodgeetal.(2014),withHygroaster nodulisporus and Hygroaster albellus as outgroups, was ana-lysedinPAUPv.4.0b10usingbothmaximumparsimonyandBioNJalgorithms,thenpareddowntothemonophyleticgroupcontaining members of sections Firmae and Coccineae.Thesinglemostparsimonious tree is shown;numbersat nodesrepresent bootstrap support from a bootstrapped heuristic maximum parsimony analysis with 100 random additions of taxa(firstnumber)andfromBioNJ(secondnumber).


Lindgomyces madisonensis




Lindgomyces madisonensis Raja&Oberlies,sp. nov. Etymology.Namerefersto‘Madison’towninNorthCarolinawherethetypespecieswascollected.

Classification—Lindgomycetaceae, Pleosporales, Dothi-deomycetes.

Ascomataonwood248–276×295–326µm,black,superficialto partially immersed, scattered, globose to subglobose, ostio-late,shortpapillate;papilla37×47µm.Peridiumc.25–35µm wide,composedofdarkirregularlyshapedcells.Pseudo paraphyses cellular, abundant, c. 2µmwide, coveredwith ge-latinousmaterial,septate,anastomosingabovetheasci.Asci 100–157×14–16µm(meanandSD=125±16×15±1µm,n=20),clavatetocylindrical,narrowattheapex,fissitunicate,tapering to a short stipe at the base, with eight overlapping bi-seriate ascospores at ascus apex becoming uniseriate at ascus base.Ascospores36–43×6–9µm(meanandSD=39±2× 7±1µm,n=45),fusiform,straightorslightlycurved,taperingat theapices, 1-septate, constrictedat the septum;primaryseptumsupra-mediantomostlymedian(0.43–0.5;average0.5,n=40),hyalinewhenyoung;ascosporesbecome3-septateandbrownwithage,multiguttulate,equippedwithshortbipolarappendages,c.2µmlong;appendagesephemeral inwaterandnotclearlyvisibleinglycerinandlacticacid. Culturecharacteristics—ColoniesonPDA(Difco,Detroit,MI,USA)growingslowly(~25–30mmdiamin4wk),irregular,filamentous,raised,cottony,filiformmargin,opaque,greyatthecentre and black towards the periphery, occasionally colourless guttates/exudatesformingonthesurfaceofthecolony.

Typus. A specimen derived from a culture isolated from submerged decor-ticatedwoodandgrownonalfalfa(Medicago sp.)stems.usA, North Caro-lina,RockinghamCounty,BigBeaverIslandCreek,Madison,N36°27'40.0"W80°01'46.0",water10°C,pH5,26Apr.2013,Huzefa A. Raja & Nicholas H. Oberlies,G416a(holotype ILLS73408,ex-typecultureDSM100629=CBS140367,singleascosporeisolatefromholotype;SSUsequencesGenBankKT207822,KT207823, ITS sequencesGenBankKT207818,KT207819,LSUsequencesGenBankKT207820,KT207821,alignmentinTreeBASES17851,MycoBankMB812940).

Notes—Morphologicalfeaturesofthisspecies,suchasglo- bose to subglobose, scattered, ostiolate and papillate asco-mata; numerous cellular pseudoparaphyses; 8-spored, bitunicate,fissitunicate,cylindricalasciwithshort,furcatepedicel; narrowly fusiform, hyaline, 1-septate ascospores bearing bipolar mucilaginous appendages, becoming brown and 3-septatewith age, agreewith the generic concept of therecently circumscribed genus Lindgomyces (Hirayamaetal.2010).Lindgomyces currently includes eight species, L. in- goldianus(typespecies),L. angustiascus, L. apiculatus, L. bre-

viappendiculatus, L. cinctosporus, L. griseosporus, L. lemon-weirensis and L. rotundatus(Hirayamaetal.2010,Rajaetal.2011,2013,Zhangetal.2014).AllspeciesofLindgomyces described thus far have been reported from submerged wood in freshwater habitats.Lindgomyces madisonensis is mor-phologically most similar to L. apiculatus in having biapiculate gelatinous appendages.The former, however, differs fromthe latter inhavingnarrowasci (100–157×14–16µminL. madisonensis vs85–125×17–25µm inL. apiculatus)andascospores(36–43×6–9µminL. madisonensis vs33–43× 8–11µminL. apiculatus).Inaddition,molecularphylogeneticanalysesofcombinedSSUandLSUaswellas ITSclearlyseparatethetwospecies.Otherspeciesinthegenusthathavebiapiculate appendages include: L. biappendiculatus and L. angustiascus. Lindgomyces madisonensis differs from these taxa inbothmorphologyandsizeofasciandascospores.Molecularphylogenetic analysis also clearly distinguishes the aforemen-tionedbiapiculatespp.Rajaetal.(2011)providedakeytosixspecies of Lindgomycesdescribedpreviously.

Colour illustrations.BackgroundphotoofastreaminPiedmontregionofNorthCarolina.Arrowsonapicalapicesofascosporesshowbiapiculateappendages;arrowonascustipshowinggelatinousmaterial.Photos:HuzefaA.Raja.Scalebars:ascoma=200µm,allothers=20µm.

HuzefaA.Raja,NoemiD.Paguigan&NicholasH.Oberlies,DepartmentofChemistryandBiochemistry,UniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro,USA;e-mail:[email protected],[email protected]&[email protected]

Phylogramof themost likely tree (- lnL = 4216.43) fromaRAxMLanalysisof20taxabasedonITSnrDNAsequencedata(1071bp).NumbersrefertoRAxMLbootstrapsupportvalues≥70%basedon1000replicates.StrainG416isidentifiedashavingphylogenetic affinities to members of the freshwater ascomycete genus Lindgomyces. Scale bar indicates number ofnucleotidesubstitutionspersite.A30-d-oldcolonyofG416aonPDAmediaisshown.


Neofabraea brasiliensis




Neofabraea brasiliensis Sanhueza&Bogo,sp. nov. Etymology.Namereflectsthelocationwhereoriginalisolateswerecol-lected.

Classification—Dermateaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes.

Conidiogenous cellsstraightorsinuous,8–14×3–5µm,moreorlesscylindrical,taperingtonarrowapex;usuallyheldonir-regularly branched conidiophores, sometimes arising directly from hyphae, sometimes with acropleurogenous conidiogenous loci.Macroconidia 12–22× 2.5–3.7 µm, aseptate, oblong-ellipsoidal, apex rounded to more or less pointed, base slightly conical.Microconidiamostly2.5–3.5×1–1.5µm,ellipsoidaltooblong-ellipsoidal,baseslightlyconicalthentruncated;microconidia can be produced in conidial masses with a white, cot-tonyappearance. Culturecharacteristics—ColoniesonMA,PDAandV8are28,31and32mmdiam,respectively,after15dat22°C.OnPDAthediametersare12,15,12and12mmafter3wkat4,5,30and31°C, respectively.Aerialmyceliummoreor lesslacking, slimy in appearance, surface covered with copious conidialzone.CulturesonPDAandV8observedfromaboveareintensereddishpurpletoreddishorange.

Typus. BrAzil, Santa Catarina, Fraiburgo/SC, isolated from canker of Malus domestica cv. ‘Fuji’, 2003,Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agro-pecuária(EMBRAPA-BrazilianCorporationofAgriculturalResearch)(holo-typemetabolicallyinertCNPUV499,cultureex-typeCNPUV499,bothheldinCNPUV(CentroNacionaldePesquisadeUvaeVinho,BentoGonçalves,RS,Brazil);ITSsequenceGenBankKR107002,LSUsequenceGenBankKR107002,tub2sequenceGenBankKR107011,MycoBankMB812129).

Additional specimens examined. BrAzil, Santa Catarina State, Fraiburgo Municipality, isolated from Malus domesticacv.‘Fuji’,2002,CNPUV503(ITSsequenceGenBankKR107003,tub2sequenceGenBankKR107012);RioGrandedoSulState,VacariaMunicipality,isolatedfromMalus domestica cv. ‘Fuji’, 2002,CNPUV506no longerviable in collection (ITSsequenceGenBankKR107001,tub2sequenceGenBankKR107010).

Notes—ThisspecieswaspreviouslytreatedasCryptospo-riopsis perennansinBogoetal.(2008).However,uponinvesti-gationofmorphologicalandDNAsequencedatacollectedfromthis strain it was recognised as phylogenetically distinct from all described Neofabraea /Cryptosporiopsisspecies(Chenetal.2015).ThreeisolatesfromBrazilwereidentifiedasN. brasiliensis,anduponanalysesofavailableITSsequencesinGen-BanktwofurtherstrainsfromEcuadorwerefoundtogroupwiththistaxon(GenBankaccessionsJN546212andHQ007246).Besidessequencedifferences,particularlyfortub2, the most evident difference between N. brasiliensis and its most closely related species, N. actinidae, is the rate of growth which is significantly lower inN. brasiliensis.Themyceliumgrowthindex(averagedailygrowthoverthefirst7d)onPDA at the temperatures 4, 5, 30and31°C forN.brasiliensis is 0.50,0.54,0.88and0.65mm/dandforN. actinidaeis1.67,1.75,1.57and1.38mm/d.

ITSandβ-tubulin IIsequences—Sequencedatafortub2 and ITSretrieved fromGenBankwasreviewed forallavail-ablestrainswithmorethan88%homologyforITSand82%for tub2.Includingthesequencesgeneratedinthisstudy,thisamountedto343availablestrainsfortheITSregionand108strains for tub2. Strainswith sequences available for bothregions were selected for phylogenetic analyses and only thesequencesbelonging to theNeofabraea genus concept were kept, including those Cryptosporiopsis species that were recently introduced as new combinations for Neofabraea.Thetwo regions were then concatenated into a single dataset in the order of ITS– tub2.Pezicula cinnamomea and Pezicula corticolawereincludedastheoutgroup.Therewere55strainsavailable to be included in the concatenated alignment including theoutgroup;oncetheidenticalsequenceswereremovedthisleft34uniquesequencesrepresentingeightCryptosporiopsis/Neofabraea species and the two Peziculaspecies.

RosaM.V.Sanhueza,ProterraResearchCenter,ProterraAgricultureCompany,95200-000,Vacaria/RS,Brazil;e-mail:[email protected],CropProductionGraduateProgram,SantaCatarinaStateUniversity,88.520-000,Lages/SC,Brazil;e-mail:[email protected]

C.AndréLévesque,TharcisseBarasubiye&TaraRintoul,AgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada,Ottawa,Ontario,Canada,K1A0C6;e-mail:[email protected],[email protected]&[email protected]

Colour illustrations.AppleorchardinBrazilwherethisnewspecieswasisolated, macroconidia, microconidia and conidiogenous cell, 21-d-old colony onPDA,bull’seyerotcausedbyN. brasiliensisonFujiapplefruits,cankercaused by N. brasiliensisonFujiapplebranch.Scalebar=10µm.

ThephylogenetictreewithN. brasiliensis was constructed with maximumlikelihood(ML)analysisofconcatenatedITS– tub2 sequencesundertheGTR+I+GmodelusingPhyMLv.3.0andwithBayesianinference(BI)usingMrBayesv.3.2.1.SupportvaluesweregeneratedasnonparametricMLbootstrapswith100bootstrapreplicatesandasBayesianprobabilities.Boot-strapsupportvalues(BV)over50percentorposteriorprob-abilities(PB)greaterthan0.5areshownonthetreeasBV/PB,BVsthatwerebelow50%inthePhyMLtreearenotedas(–)and clades that were absent in the MrBayes tree are noted as (o)(TreeBASES17434).

100/1

95/0.9957/o

-/o

100/1

99/1

97/1

85/0.99

100/1

100/1

0.04

-/o

90/0.98

95/1

93/0.99

Pezicula corticola

Neofabraea krawtzewii 2 strains

Neofabraea kienholzii 4 strains

Pezicula cinnamomea

Neofabraea alba 8 strains

Neofabraea malicorticis 7 strains

Neofabraea perennans 15 strains

Neofabraea brasiliensis 3 strains

Neofabraea actinidae 6 strains

Neofabraea citricarpa 8 strains


Aspergillus citocrescens




Aspergillus citocrescens Hubka,A.Nováková&M.Kolařík,sp. nov. Etymology.Namereferstorapidgrowthofthisfungus(fromtheLatinadverb cito and verb cresco, crescere, crevi, cretus).

Classification—Aspergillaceae, Eurotiales, Eurotiomycetes.

OnMEA:Stipeshyaline,smooth,4–10(–12)μmdiam;coni-dial headslooselyradiate;uniseriate;vesicle globose or subglobose,occasionallysubclavateorclavate,10–30μmdiam;phialides lageniform,coveringentiresurfaceofvesicle,5.5–9.5× 4–6μm;conidia globose, strongly spinulose, sometimes persisting in chains, often with distinct connectives after de-tachment,green-browninmass,sporebody4.5–6μmdiam,6–8withspines. Culturecharacteristics— (inthedark,25 °Cafter7 d):Colo- niesonMEA55–68mmdiam,lanose,myceliumwhite(ISCC−NBSNo.263),sporulationmainlyincolonymarginsnearplatewallsandincolonycentre,greyishyellowishgreen(No.122)togreyishgreen(No.150),noexudate,nosolublepigment,reversecolourless.ColoniesonCzapekyeastautolysateagar(CYA)65−68mmdiam,denselylanose,raisedincentre,yel-lowishwhite(No.92),sporulationinmarginsofraisedcolonypartsandneartheplatewall,greenishgrey(No.155)todarkgreyishgreen(No.151),noexudate,brilliantgreenishyellow(No.98)solublepigment,reversebrilliantgreenishyellow(No.98).Coloniesonyeastextractsucroseagar(YES)65−70mmdiam,denselylanosewithraisedcentre,yellowishwhite(No.92),sporulationincolonymargins,greenishgrey(No.155)todarkgreyishgreen(No.151),noexudate,nosolublepigment,reverse colourless.Colonies onCzapekagar (CZA) 58–60mmdiam,sparselyfloccosetolanose,myceliumwhite(colonymargins),abundantsporulationonthecolonysurface,greyishyellowishgreen (No. 122) to greyisholivegreen (No. 127),no exudate, no soluble pigment, reverse light yellowish green (119)withlightgreenishyellow(No.101)centre.ColoniesonCzapekyeastextractagarwith20%sucrose(CY20S)60–70mmdiam, lanose, yellowishwhite (No. 92),without visiblesporulationorwithlightgreyisholive(109)togreyisholivegreen(No.127)sporulationincolonymargins,noexudate,nosolublepigment,reversepalegreenishyellow(No.104).ColoniesonHarrold’sagar(M40Y)62–72mmdiam,sparselylanosewithwhite mycelium and sporulation nearly on the whole surface of colonies,lightgreyisholive(No.109)togreyisholive(No.110),noexudate,nosolublepigment,reversecolourless.Coloniesoncreatinesucroseagar(CREA)growingmoreslowlycomparedwithothermedia,38–45mmdiam,white(No.263),sparselylanose, no sporulation, strong production of acid compounds, nomarkedproductionofbasecompounds.NogrowthonMEAandCYAat37 °C.

Typus.spAin,Extremadura,CastañardeIborCave,excavesediment,2009,A. Nováková (holotypePRM934413,isotypesPRM934414−934417,cultureex-typeCCF4001=CBS140566;ITSsequenceGenBankFR727121,LSUsequenceGenBankLN896335,tub2sequenceGenBankFR775317,cmdAsequenceGenBankLN878969,MycoBankMB814680).

Notes—BLASTanalysiswith the ITS,β-tubulinandcal-modulinsequencesofA. citocrescens with the reference se-quencespublishedbySamsonetal.(2014)showedgreatestnumber of hits with A. brunneo-uniseriatusNRRL4273T:ITS98 %;β-tubulin96 %;calmodulin91 %.ThespeciesbelongstoAspergillus sect.Cremei. Aspergillus brunneo-uniseriatus is the only species with somewhat similar growth parameters and phenotype and can be differentiated by its smaller andmostly clavate vesicles.The colonies of A. brunneo-uniseriatusonMEAandCZAarealmostidentical(Raper&Fennell 1965) in contrast toA. citocrescens with moreintensivesporulationonCZA.ThesporulationcolourofA. brunneo-uniseriatus on CZA is pale grey but grey-green in A. citocrescens.

Colour illustrations.Spain,Extremadura,CastañardeIborCave;7-d-oldcultures of Aspergillus citocrescens onMEA(left)andCZA(right);conidio-phoresandconidiaonMEA.Scalebars=10µm.

VitHubka,DepartmentofBotany,FacultyofScience,CharlesUniversityinPrague,Benátská2,1201Prague2,CzechRepublic;e-mail:[email protected]

AlenaNováková&MiroslavKolařík,LaboratoryofFungalGeneticsandMetabolism,InstituteofMicrobiologyoftheASCR,v.v.i,Vídeňská1083,14220Prague4,CzechRepublic;



Geastrum diosiae




Geastrum diosiae J.C.Zamora,sp. nov. Etymology.NamedforMariaMarthaDiosrecognisinghercontributiontotheknowledgeofArgentiniangasteroidfungi.

Classification—Geastraceae, Geastrales, Agaricomycetes.

Unexpanded basidiomata5–10mmdiam,subglobosetoovoid,normallywithadistinctapicalumbo.Exoperidium splitting in 6–13moreorlessequaltounequalrays,5–14mmdiamwhen closedindrystate,14–33mmdiamwhenhydratedandforced inhorizontalposition,saccate,stronglyhygrometric.Mycelial layer thin, whitish, intermixed with deciduous debris, easily peeling-off leavingits innermostpartorthefibrouslayerex-posed,double-layered; inner layerwhitish, formedbyratherindistinct, thin-walled, hyaline, clamped, generative hyphae, outer layer formed by comparatively thick-walled and aseptate, hyaline,skeletalhyphae,1–2.5µmdiam,withindistinctlumen.Fibrous layer papyraceous, pale-cream to more or less brown, formed by thick-walled, aseptate, brownish, skeletal hyphae, 2–4.5 μmdiam.Pseudoparenchymatous layer pale-cream to yellowish when young, soon ochraceous to orange, dark brown when old, normally not cracked, very persistent even in veryoldbasidiomata,composedofthick-walled(walls2–3μm thick) cells of various sizes and shapes, about 15–30 μmdiam.Endoperidial body globose to subglobose, 4–10mm diam, pale grey to brownish grey; endoperidial surfacegla-brous and naked or covered with a very inconspicuous pruina, sessile;endoperidiumconsistingofbrownishskeletalhyphae,(2.5–)3–6μmdiam.Mesoperidium inconspicuous, reduced to fewgenerativehyphaeandsome3–10μmdiam,bipyramidal,calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals on the endoperidial sur-face.Peristomefibrillose,oftendarkerorofthesamecolourthan the endoperidial body, sometimes slightly lighter, flat to broadly conical, distinctly delimited, thickened, formed by up to12µmdiam,brownish,skeletalhyphae.Stalkabsent.Apo-physisabsent.Columellaweak,intrudingabout1/3–1/2intheglebalmass.Mature glebabrowntoblackish.Basidiospores globose,4.0–5.0μmdiam;ornamentationbaculate,consist-ingof0.3–0.5(–0.6)μminheight,brown,low,truncatewarts,sometimesfusedtoformshortcrests. Broadest capillitial hy-phae 6–7μmwide,aseptate,browntodarkbrown,veryrarelybranched,thick-walled,withnarrowlumen,mostlyvisible;tipsoftenacute;surfacecoveredwithdebrisornot.Rhizomorphs deciduous, only a few studied, covered with some acicular to horn-likecalciumoxalatemonohydratecrystals. Ecology&Distribution—Thisspeciesgrowsinratherdis-turbed places, on patches of denuded soil among Prosopisspp. (‘algarrobos’).ItiscurrentlyknownfromratherwoodedzonesoftheMonteecoregioninArgentina,whichispartoftheTemperategrasslands, savannas and shrublands biome of the Neotropic ecozone(Olsonetal.2001).TheseplacesarenotfarfromtheecotonewiththeAridChacoecoregion(tropicalandsubtropi-calgrasslands,savannasandshrublandsbiome),andsomespecimensseemtohavebeenfoundintheAridChaco(M.M.

Dios,pers.com.,notstudiedbytheauthorandthereforenotincludedhere),sothespeciesshouldprobablybelookedforinbothecoregions.

Typus.ArgEntinA,LaRioja,CastroBarros,Anjullón,ontheground,withProsopis spp.(Leguminosae)litter,growingclosetooldadobebuildings,8Apr.2012,L. Papinutti & J.C. Zamora(holotypeAH47602,isotypesinMA-Fungi83788andUPS;ITSsequenceGenBankKF988452,LSUsequenceGenBankKF988587,rpb1sequenceGenBankKF988722,atp6sequenceGenBankKF988853,MycoBankMB812569).

Additional specimens examined.ArgEntinA, LaRioja,CastroBarros,Anjullón,onProsopis spp.(Leguminosae)litter,growingclosetooldadobeedifications,8Apr.2012,L. Papinutti & J.C. Zamora,MA-Fungi83789,duploAH47603(ITSsequenceGenBankKF988453,LSUsequenceGenBankKF988588,rpb1sequenceGenBankKF988723,atp6sequenceGenBankKF988854);ibid.,AH47604.

Notes—Themorphologicaldescriptionisbasedonc.70fruitbodies in different degrees of development.Geastrum diosiae isawell-definedspecies,characterisedbythesmallbasidiomata, strongly hygrometric exoperidium, mycelial layer encrusting debris and peeling-off, sessile endoperidial body, fibrilloseanddistinctlydelimitedperistome,andbasidiosporeswithbaculateornamentation.ThisspeciesbelongstoGeastrum sect.Corollina and was included in the phylogenetic analyses of the entire genus GeastrumbyZamoraetal.(2014),butleftundescribedas‘Geastrumsp.1’.Themorphologicallyclosesttaxon is G. hungaricum, but this species is included in G.sect.Geastrum by molecular data and by the more distinct mesoper-idium, with numerous crystalline aggregates of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals, having also thinner capillitial hyphae and biggerbasidiospores(5.0–6.0µm)withanirregularlyverrucoseornamentation(Sunhede1989,Zamoraetal.2015).Geastrum arenarium is another hygrometric species recorded from the same Argentinian biome, but the endoperidium is subsessile to slightly stalked, the exoperidium is subsaccate to arched, the mycelial layer is rather persistent, and the basidiospores haveaveryirregularlyverrucoseornamentation;italsobelongsto Geastrum sect.Geastrum, being phylogenetically distinct (Zamoraet al. 2014, 2015).Geastrum floriforme has much largerbasidiospores(5–7µm),anindistinctlydelimitedperi-stome, and the endoperidial surface is not completely smooth, butnormallyroughduetogroupsoffusedhyphae;it isalsovery different based on molecular data, belonging to Geastrum sect.Papillata (Zamoraetal.2014).Among theArgentinianspeciesdescribedbyC.Spegazzini,onlyG. platense has an hygrometricexoperidiumandafibrilloseperistome(Spegazzini1898)but,after revising the typematerial (LPS13345), thespecimen was found to be very close to G. floriforme, and thus it also has larger basidiospores, an indistinctly delimited peristomeandaroughendoperidialsurface.Finally,G. corol-linum is distinguished by the larger basidiomata and mycelial layernotencrustingdebris(Sunhede1989);thisspeciesisthetype of Geastrum sect.Corollina and it is further differentiated from G. diosiae based on molecular data, each species forming independentandwell-separatedclades(Zamoraetal.2014).

Colour illustrations.AnthropisedtheMonteecosysteminCastroBarros(LaRioja,Argentina)showingProsopissp.growingclosetoanoldadobebuilding(photo:G.Rolón,IAA,FADU-UBA);maturebasidiomataonPros-opis litter;mesoperidial bipyramidal crystalson theendoperidial surface;basidiospore.Scalebars=10mm(maturebasidiomata),2µm(microscopicstructures).

JuanCarlosZamora,RealJardínBotánico-CSIC,PlazadeMurillo2,E-28014,Madrid,Spain;e-mail:[email protected]


Arthrinium gutiae



Arthrinium phaeospermum CBS 114314

Arthrinium pseudosinense CPC 21546

Arthrinium pseudospegazzinii CBS 102052

Arthrinium saccharicola CBS 191.73

Arthrinium marii CBS 113535

Arthrinium sacchari CBS 212.30

Arthrinium phragmites CPC 18900

Arthrinium gutiae CBS 135835

Arthrinium jatrophae CBS 134262

Arthrinium ovatum CBS 115042

Arthrinium pterospermum CBS 123185

Arthrinium rasikravindrii CBS 337.61

Arthrinium aureum CBS 244.83

Arthrinium hydei CBS 114990

Arthrinium kogelbergense CBS 113332

Arthrinium xenocordella CBS 478.86

Arthrinium arundinis CBS 106.12

Arthrinium malaysianum CBS 102053

Chaetomium jatrophiae CBS 134263

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Arthrinium marii CBS 113535 Arthrinium sacchari CBS 212.30 Arthrinium pseudospegazzinii CBS 102052

Arthrinium phaeospermum CBS 114314 Arthrinium saccharicola CBS 191.73

Arthrinium gutiae CBS 135835 Arthrinium ovatum CBS 115042 Arthrinium phragmites CPC 18900

Arthrinium aureum CBS 244.83 Arthrinium hydei CBS 114990

Arthrinium arundinis CBS 106.12 Arthrinium malaysianum CBS 102053 Arthrinium kogelbergense CBS 113332

Arthrinium xenocordella CBS 478.86 Chaetomium jatrophiae CBS 134263

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98 96

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64

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Arthrinium gutiae Kajale,Sonawane&RohitSharma,sp. nov. Etymology. Name refers to the gut of an insect from which this species wasisolated.

Classification—Apiosporaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomy-cetes.

Mycelium onMEAconsistingofsmooth,hyaline,branched,septate,1–2.5μmdiamhyphae,partlyimmersedandpartlysuper-ficial;sporulationnotuniform,occurringinpatches.SporulationwasobservedonMEAandOAafter15–20d incubationat25°C. Conidiophores hyaline, macronematous, mononema-tous, arising from long, ampulliform conidiophore mother cells, transverselyseptate,thick-walled,brown,21.5–50×2–2.5μm.Theconidiophorecellsareusuallynarrow,butbroadenatthepointofseptation.Conidiophore mother cells borne directly on hyphaearehyaline,smooth,lageniform,3–7×2–4μm.Coni-dia borne as bunches on conidiophores, lateral and terminal, brown, smooth, aseptate, globose in surface view, lenticular in sideview,withpaleequatorialslit,(4.5–)5.5(–6)μmdiaminsurfaceview,(2–)4(–6)μmdiaminsideview,withacentralscar.Anomalousconidianotobserved. Culturecharacteristics—ColoniesonMEAat25°Cwerefast growing and spreading, flat, with moderate aerial mycelium, coveringthedishafter7–10d.Thefungusgrowsoptimallyat20to25°C. Habitat—Gutofgrasshopper. Distribution—India(Bhimashankar,Pune,Maharashtra).

Typus.indiA,Pune,WesternGhats,Maharashtra,fromgutofagrasshop-per,10Jan.2013,S. Kajale & M.S. Sonawane(holotypeMCCH1002,cultureex-typeMCC1077=CBS135835;ITSsequenceGenBankKR011352,LSUsequenceGenBankKR149063,tef1sequenceGenBankKR011351,tub2 sequenceGenBankKR011350,MycoBankMB812319).

Notes—Basedon the concatenated sequenceanalysisof the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and large subunitnrDNA(LSU),A. gutiae is phylogenetically closely related to A. jatrophiae, forming a separate monophyletic branch within Arthrinium. Thisfindingisalsosupportedbythetef1 and tub2 concatenated sequenceanalysis that also showsA. gutiae toclusteronaseparatebranch.Arthrinium gutiae is morpho-logically similar to A. jatrophiae in the formation of circular or nearly circular lenticular conidia.However, the conidia andconidiophores of A. gutiae are small in comparison to A. jatro-phiae. Furthermore, it does not form anomalous conidia as observed in A. jatrophiae (Sharmaetal.2013). Although the genus Arthrinium is widespread, occurring as plant pathogen, endophyteorsaprobe(Ellis1971,1976,Crous&Groenewald2013),thehabitatofA. gutiae isuniqueasitwasisolatedfromthegutofagrasshopper.

Neighbour-joining phylogramof ITS/LSUand tef1/tub2 se-quenceanalysis,showingthecladesandsubclades,withChae-tomium jatrophiae asoutgroup.ThephylogeneticpositionofArthrinium gutiae is indicated in bold.Brancheswithbootstrapsupport (BS)values≥50%(basedon1000replicates)areshown.ThealignmentsweresubmittedtoTreeBASE(S17561,S17562).

Colour illustrations.CollectionsiteinWesternGhats,Maharashtrastate,India;colonyofArthrinium gutiae onPDA,PCA,CDA,OA,MEA(clockwise),conidiophoremothercells,conidia,grasshopperhost.Scalebars=10µm.

SwapnilC.Kajale,MaheshS.Sonawane&RohitSharma,MicrobialCultureCollection,NationalCentreforCellScience,NCCSComplex,Ganeshkhind,Pune–411007(Maharashtra),India;

e-mail:[email protected],[email protected]&[email protected]

tub2+tef1 ITS+LSU


Ganoderma wiiroense




Ganoderma wiiroense E.C.Otto,Blanchette,C.W.Barnes&Held,sp. nov. Etymology.NamedafterthevillageofWiirowherethefunguswasfoundintheSissalaWestDistrictoftheUpperWestRegionofGhana.

Classification—Ganodermataceae, Polyporales, Agarico-mycetes.

Mature basidiomata annual, pileate, sessile, dimidiate, appla-nate, woody to corky when dried, not completely homogeneous contextstructure,zonate,pileussurfacehardandglabrous,yel-lowish brown to dark reddish brown when dry, margin rounded, thickened,yellowishbrowntodarkreddishbrownwhendry.Pore surface smooth, white to creamy yellow when dry, pores 3–5mm,roundtosomewhatirregularandslightlyelongated,122–292× 80–240 µm (av. 206.1× 154.9), dissepiments47–182µmwide(av.83.1);tubes0.1–1mmlong,brown.Hy-phal system trimitic, generative hyphae slightly inconspicuous, hyaline, thin-walled 2–4µmdiam, branched, clampedandhyaline;skeletalhyphaeoccasionallybranched,paletodarkbrown,2.5–7.5µmthick;bindingandskeleton-bindinghyphaehyaline,highlybranched, tapering towards theend.Basidia not observed.Basidiospores ellipsoid to cylindrical-ellipsoid withatruncatebase,bitunicate,verruculose,10–13.5×6–8µm(av.11.8×7.1µm),perisporiumthin,smooth,exosporiumwith intermediate thick inter-walled pillars, endosporium thick, brown.Chlamydospores notobserved. Culture characteristics—Colonies onMEA, showingop-timumgrowthat30°Cexceeding40mmin thedark in7d,followedby35mmat35°C,33mmat25°C,20mmat20°C;mycelial mats circular with entire edge, flat, white above and slight creaminess reverse at all temperatures, woolly to felty, superficialmyceliumwithmediumdensity.

Typus.ghAnA,UpperWestRegion,SissalaWestDistrict,Wiiro,onan-giosperms,Aug.2015,A.B. Wibonto & H.B. Babilwie(holotypeMIN938704,paratypeMIN938705, culturesex-typeUMN-21-GHA (alsodepositedatCBS),holotypeITSsequenceGenBankKT952363,LSUsequenceGenBankKT952364, paratype ITS sequenceGenBankKT952361, LSUsequenceGenBankKT952362,MycoBankMB814840).

Notes—Ganoderma wiiroense causes decay in the roots andtrunksofangiospermtreesintheUpperWestRegionofGhanainthevillageofWiiro(aSissaliname).ForBlastnITSsequencecomparisons,530baseswereusedfromtheG. wii-roenseholotypesequence,startingatITS1,aftertheCATTAmotif(Schochetal.2014).TheBlastnresultsgavethehigh-est score to an isolate Ganoderma lucidum(TVK1,GenBankFJ982798) submitted in 2009 by theCentre forAdvancedStudiesinBotany,UniversityofMadra,TamilNadu,India,withthreenucleotidedifferences.Asecondsequencefromacol-lectioninSenegal(SIC-2014d,GenBankKJ510534)hastwonucleotidedifferences,butwas38basesshorteratthe3’endthantheholotype.Subsequently,tworepresentativesequencesof the next highest seven Blastn scores were downloaded for phylogeneticanalysis.Thesequencealignmentwaseditedbyhandtolimitdifferencesbetweensequences.Thefinalalign-ment,ITS1-5.8S-ITS2,wastrimmedatthe3’endfollowingotherITS2annotationsfromGenBankandbeingasconservativeaspossiblenottoloseanyvariablebases.TwoadditionalDNAsamples of G. wiiroense, along with the top two Blastn hits, showedtwoheterozygoussitesinthealignment,thusformingtwogroups.ThenextclosestspeciestoG. wiiroense is G. des-tructans,with30–33nucleotideandgapdifferences.EightytoninetypercentofthesequencevariabilityoccursinITS1.

EricC.Otto,RobertA.Blanchette&BenjaminW.Held,UniversityofMinnesota,495BorlaugHall,1991UpperBufordCircle,St.Paul,MN55108,USA;e-mail:[email protected],[email protected]&[email protected]

CharlesW.Barnes,DepartamentoNacionaldeProtecciónVegetal,EstaciónExperimentalSantaCatalina,InstitutoNacionaldeInvestigacionesAgropecuarias,PanamericanaSurKm.1víaTambillo,CantónMejía,ProvinciadePichincha,

Quito,Ecuador;e-mail:[email protected]

Colour illustrations. Field of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)with sheatrees(Vitellaria paradoxa)andothertreespeciesdispersedthroughoutthefield located nearWiiro,Ghana (background); basidiocarp; basidiocarp;basidiospores; skeletalhyphae.Scalebars=3cm (basidiocarp),10μm(microscopicstructures).

Phylogenetic tree showing analysis done using the Maximum LikelihoodpluginPHYMLinGeneiousv.R7(http://www.ge-neious.com)(Kearseetal.2012),andthesubstitutionmodelwasdeterminedby jModelTest (Posada2008) according totheCorrectedAkaikeInformationCriterion(AICc).Ganoderma lingzhi (GenBankJQ781855andJQ781856)istheoutgroup.Bootstrapsupportvalues≥50%aregivenabovebranches.ThephylogeneticpositionofG. wiiroense is indicated in bold.TheGanodermaspeciesisfollowedbythesampleIDandthethreeletterUnitedNationscountrycode.The*indicatesthecountryisnotspecifiedintheFeaturessectionoftheBlastnsearchandisassumedfromauthoraffiliations.


Xenoleptographium phialoconidium




Xenoleptographium Marinc.,T.A.Duong,Z.W.deBeer&M.J.Wingf.,gen. nov. Etymology.NamereflectsamorphologicalsimilaritytospeciesinLepto-graphium.

Classification—Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.

Conidiophoresmacronematous,mostlysingle,upright.Conidio-genous cells phialidic, cylindrical, tapering towards the apex,

hyaline,collarettesinconspicuous.Conidia hyaline, ellipsoid, asymmetric, with truncated base, aseptate, smooth, in yellow-ishslimydroplets.

Type species.Xenoleptographium phialoconidium. MycoBankMB812683.

Xenoleptographium phialoconidium Marinc.,T.A.Duong,Z.W.deBeer&M.J.Wingf., sp. nov. Etymology.Name refers to the phialides fromwhich the conidia areproduced.

Conidiophores macronematous, mostly single, straight or occa-sionallyundulated,(252–)301–335(–451)µminlength.Basal cells brown or paler at the lower half, club-shaped or foot cell-like,withrhizoidandbubble-likecellsaround.Stipes brown, smooth,cylindricaltaperingtowardsthetop,(192–)254–279 (–343)µmlong,(11–)13–14(–15.5)µmwideatbaseand(5.5–) 7–7.5(–9.5)µmwideclosetotheapex,with3–6-septa.Coni- diogenous apparatus (40–)53–60(–75.5)µm in length,with3–4seriesofcylindricalbranches.Conidiogenous cells phia-lidic,cylindricaltaperingtowardstheapex,hyaline,(8.5–)12–14(–18)×(1.5–)2µm,collarettesinconspicuous.Conidia hy-aline, ellipsoidal, asymmetric, with truncated base, aseptate, smooth,(6–)6.5–7(–8)×(1.5–)2µm(av.6.8×1.8µm),inyel- lowishslimydroplets.Synasexual morph acremonium-like, conidiophores micro- or macronematous, conidiogenous cells hyaline, cylindrical tapering gradually towards the apex with distinctcollarette;conidiahyaline,fusiformwithtruncatedbase,(8–)9(–11)×1.5–2µm(av.9.4×1.7µm),incolourlessslimydropletswhichissmallerthantheyellowishslimydroplets. Culturecharacteristics—OnMEAgrowingincircular,flat,mostly submerged with undulate edge and medium sparse, cartridge buff with whitish aerial hyphae near the edge, opti-mumgrowthat25°Creaching42mmin21d,thenat20°Creaching33mmandat15°Cand30°Creaching21mm,nogrowthat35°C.Nogrowthoccurredatall temperatureson0.05%cycloheximide-amendedMEA.

Typus.indonEsiA,NorthernKalimantan,neartothetownofBerau,isolatedfrom the exposed xylem tissues of Gmelina arborea(Lamiaceae),Dec.2010,M.J. Wingfield(holotypePREM61244,driedcultureofCBS134694,cultureex-holotypeCBS134694=CMW37146;isotypePREM61245,driedcultureofCBS134695,cultureex-isotypeCBS134695=CMW37140; tub2 se-quencesGenBankKT164794(CBS134694),KT164793(CBS134695),rpb2 sequencesGenBankKT164796(CBS134694),KT164795(CBS134695),tef1 sequencesGenBank KT164798 (CBS 134694), KT164797 (CBS134695),LSUsequencesGenBankKT164792(CBS134694),KT164791(CBS134695),MycoBankMB814898).

Additional specimens examined. indonEsiA,NorthernKalimantan,nearto the town of Berau, isolated from the exposed xylem tissues of Gmelina arborea (Lamiaceae),Dec. 2010,M.J. Wingfield, culturesCMW37138,37139,34141–37145.

Notes—Xenoleptographium phialoconidium was isolated fromartificiallyinducedwoundsusedto‘trap’speciesofCerato-cystis, where xylem tissues were exposed to the environment afterablockofbarkhadbeenremoved.Sixweeksafterwoundswere made, the exposed tissues were cut from the trunk, sealed inaplasticbagandbroughttothelaboratoryforexamination.Yellowish slimy spore droplets at the tips of upright stalks were observed among other ophiostomatoid fungi, Cornuvesica magnispora(Marincowitzetal.2015)andaCeratocystissp.Culture extracts of X. phialoconidium were shown to enhance the growth of Cornuvesica magnispora.TheoverallappearanceofisolateswastypicalofLeptographi-um species: mononematous conidiophores with upright, brown stipes, verticillately branched conidiogenous apparatuses and slimyconidialdroplets.However,thepresenceofenteroblasticconidiogenouscells(phialides)andaninabilitytotoleratetheantibiotic cycloheximide in culture distinguishes these isolates from Leptographiumspp.thathavepercurrentblasticconidio-genous cells and can tolerate high levels of cycloheximide in culture(Jacobs&Wingfield2001).Xenoleptographium phialoconidium is morphologically similar to Phialocephalaspp.(Leotiomycetes, Helotiales),alsoprevi-ously confused with Leptographium spp. due to the overallmorphological similarity of these genera, but having conidia produced in phialides with periclinal thickening and prominent collarettes(Wingfieldetal.1987,Jacobsetal.2003).Multi-genephylogeniesconfirmedtheplacementofXenoleptographium in the Nectriaceae(Hypocreales)andinwhichasexualgeneragenerallyhavephialidicconidiogenouscells(Rossman1996).RaxMLanalysesofthecombineddatasetofLSU,tub2, tef1 and rpb2 gene regions showed that X. phialoconidium was most closely related to Volutella, Chaetopsina and Coccino nectria.Thesegenera,togetherwithseveralothers,werereferredtoascladeVIIIbyLombardetal.(2015b).

RaxML phylogram resulting from analyses of a combineddatasetofLSU,tub2, tef1 and rpb2generegions.Bootstrapsupport values (1000 replicates) above70%are indicatedat nodes.Taxa included and sequence accession numbersweresimilartothosefromLombardetal.(2015b).Allmajorclades(exceptcladeVIII)werecollapsed(refertoLombardetal.2015bformoredetailsontheseclades)(forphylogenetictree,seeMycoBank)..

Colour illustrations.PlantationofGmelina arboreainNorthernKalimantan(background);conidiaofXenoleptographium phialoconidium in yellow slimy droplets(blackarrow)andconidiaofacremonium-likesynasexualmorphincolourlessdroplets(whitearrow),uprightconidiophore,conidiogenouscells,conidia, conidiogenous cells of synasexual morph, conidia of synasexual morph.Scalebars=25µm(uprightconidiophore),10µm(allothermicro-scopicstructures).

SeonjuMarincowitz&MichaelJ.Wingfield,ForestryandAgriculturalBiotechnologyInstitute(FABI),UniversityofPretoria,Pretoria,SouthAfrica;e-mail:[email protected]&[email protected]

TuanA.Duong,DepartmentofGenetics,FABI,UniversityofPretoria,Pretoria,SouthAfrica;e-mail:[email protected],DepartmentofMicrobiologyandPlantPathology,FABI,UniversityofPretoria,

Pretoria,SouthAfrica;e-mail:[email protected]


Pyrenochaeta telephoni




Pyrenochaeta telephoni Rohit Sharma,Kurli,Sonawane,Shouche&Rahi, sp. nov. Etymology.Namereferstothesubstrate,thesurfaceofamobilephone,fromwhichthisspecieswasisolated.

Classification—Cucurbitariaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideo-mycetes.

Conidiomata pycnidial, formedonMEAafter30–35d;immer-sedinmedia(notsuperficial)andfewinnumber.Pycnidia fuscous, olivaceous brown to fuscous brown, globose or subglobose, singleorconfluent,simple,(107–)160(–272)×(100–)186(–226) µmdiam,setose.Setae areoftwotypes.Onetypeformedontheouterwall,long,(1.5–)3.25(–4)µmdiam,(108–)171(–268)µm in length,mainly concentrated around the ostiole, stiff,needle-shaped, inflexible, septate, brown coloured, ends ob-tuse,smooth,15–18innumber,thick-walled.Theotherportionof pycnidia have non-stiff hairs or setae-like outgrowths, dis-tributedonallsides,(1.5–)3(–4)µmdiamand(15.5–)26(–40)µminlength,hyaline;pycnidiawithsinglecentralostiole,non-papillate,orslightlypapillate,(54–)60(–73)µmdiam;pycnidialwall3–8cellsthick;conidialmatrix white/cream.Micropycnidia present.True chlamydospores absent, but chlamydospore-like hyphalswollencellswereobservedinoldMEAcultures.Theywereintermediate,hyaline,globose,8–10µmdiam,soothandthick-walled.Sexual morphonOAabsent.Conidiogenous cells is formed from entire inner surface of pycnidial wall, mostly cylindrical,(3–)4(–5.5)×(9.5–)12(–18)µmmostlyintegratedin conidiophores, branched at the base, acropleurogenous (having terminal and apical apertures).Conidia ellipsoid, (4–)5(–6)×(1.5–)2(–3)µm,straightorslightlycurved,whitishin mass, sometimes one end broad, the other narrow, some are uniformly narrow, hyaline, smooth, with granular content inside,usuallybiguttulate.

Culturecharacteristics—OnCzapekdoxagar(CDA)sur-facepalemousegreytopaleolivaceousgrey;marginsgreyishsepia,marginregular,13mmdiam(at25,30,35°C)after3d,colonyfloccose,felty,woolly.Reverseblacktofuscousblackincentre,marginsgreyishsepia.Onpotatocarrotagar(PCA) surface mouse grey, margin greyish sepia, colony circular, aerialmyceliapresentinoldcultures;marginregular,13mmdiam (at 25, 30, 35°C) after 3d; reverse black to fuscous black,margingreyishsepia.OnMEA surface mouse grey to darkmousegrey,margingreyishsepia,colonycircular;colonyborderregular,13mmdiam(25,30,35°C)after3d;reverse blacktofuscous,margingreyishsepia.

Typus. indiA, Maharashtra, Pune, on screen of a mobile phone, 2013, R.R. Kurli(holotypeMCCH1001,cultureex-typeMCC1159=CBS139022;ITSsequenceGenBankKM516291,LSUsequenceGenBankKM516290,SSUsequenceKR260987,alignmentsinTreeBASES17500,S17501,MycoBankMB812301).

Notes—ThegenusPyrenochaeta is characterised by hav-ing species with distinct elongated, septate, acropleurogenous conidiophores produced in pycnidia usually covered by long setae,200µmormore,whereasPyrenochaetopsis is char-acterised by setose pycnidia similar to those in Pyrenochaeta, but the conidiogenesis is usually phoma-like(DeGruyteretal.2010).Thisisolateformsseptatesetaewhichare200µmlong,septate, elongate acropleurogenous conidiophores and there-fore belong to genus Pyrenochaeta. Phylogenetically, Pyreno-chaeta telephoni is close to P. acicola and P. inflorescentiae (Cucurbitariaceae) along with other members of Pyrenochaeta and Pyrenochaetopsis.

Colour illustrations.Mobilephonewith fungusonscreen.Upper row:globose pycnidium of Pyrenochaeta telephoni with long setae around ostiole, setae,pycnidialwall,chlamydospore,conidia.Bottomrow:surfaceoffungalcolonies on CDA agar, pycnidium with setae, mycelium and hyphae with chlamydospore-likecells.Scalebars:conidiomata=50µm,allothers=10µm.

RohitSharma,RashmiKurli,MaheshS.Sonawane,YogeshS.Shouche&PraveenRahi,Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex,

Ganeshkhind,Pune–411007(Maharashtra),India;e-mail:[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]&[email protected]

Pyrenochaeta lycopersici CBS 306.65 (NR_103581) Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis UM 256 (JX966641) Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis CBS 378.92 (EU930010) Pyrenochaeta berberidis CBS 363.93 (JF740191)

Pyrenochaeta cava CBS 257.68 (JF740260) Pyrenochaeta nobilis CBS 407.76 (EU930011) Pyrenochaeta nobilis CBS 407.76 (NR_103598)

Pyrenochaeta inflorescentiae CBS 119222 (EU552153) Pyrenochaeta telephoni CBS 139022 (KM516291)

Pyrenochaetopsis pratorum CBS 445.81 (JF740263) Pyrenochaetopsis pratorum CBS 286.93 (JF740264)

Pyrenochaetopsis leptospora CBS 101635 (JF740262) Pyrenochaetopsis leptospora CBS 101635 (NR_119958) Pyrenochaetopsis poae CBS 136769 (KJ869117)

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�� Phylogenetic tree of Pyrenochaeta species constructed using Neighbour-Joining(NJ)analysisofITSregionsequences.Boot- strapsupportvalues≥65%aregivenatthenodes.Thephylo-genetic position of Pyrenochaeta telephoni is indicated in bold.


Magnaporthiopsis agrostidis




Magnaporthiopsis agrostidis P.Wong,Khemmuk&R.G.Shivas, sp. nov. Etymology.Name refers to thehost genus,Agrostis, from which this funguswasisolated.

Classification—Magnaporthaceae, Magnaporthales, Sor-dariomycetes.

Myceliumhyaline,becomingdarkgreytodarkbrownwithage;hyphaeseptate,branched,smooth,1–4µmwide,formingmy-celialstrandsandfansatthemargins.Conidiophores brown, single and terminal or penicillate and integrated.Conidio-genous cells brown or slightly pigmented, phialidic, cylindrical to lageniform,5–20×1.5–3µm, taperingtoaconspicuousflaredcollarettec.3µmhigh×1.5µmwide.Conidia hyaline, aseptate,smooth,filiform,roundedattheapexandnarrowedtowardsthebase,curvedtolunate,4–6×1µm,aggregatedinslimyheads.Ascomatanotobservedinculture. Culturecharacteristics—OnPDA,coloniesreaching7.5cmdiamafter1wkat25°Cinthedark;moderatelyabundantgreyaerial mycelium, becoming olivaceous brown with age and form-ing dark grey to dark brown crust-like mycelial aggregations on theagarsurfaceinoldercultures(>4wk);reversedarkgreytoolivaceousbrown,paleratthemargin.Thecrust-likemycelialaggregationswereformedmorecommonlyonquarter-strengthPDAamendedwithnovobiocin(100mg/L).

Typus.AustrAliA,NewSouthWales, LaPerouse,NewSouthWalesGolfClub,fromrottedrootsofAgrostis stolonifera,May2013,P.T.W. Wong PW13010 (holotypeBRIP59300,includesex-typeculture;ITSsequenceGen-BankKT364753,LSUsequenceGenBankKT364754,rpb1sequenceGen-BankKT364755,tef1sequenceGenBankKT364756,MycoBankMB814222).

Notes—Phylogenetic analysis placedMagnaporthiopsis agrostidis in a monophyletic clade that includes the type spe-cies of the genus, M. poae(Magnaporthaceae).Itisthesixthknown species of Magnaporthiopsis(Luo&Zhang2013,Luoetal.2014).AllspeciesofMagnaporthiopsis are root-inhabiting fungiorroot-infectingpathogensofgrasses.Magnaporthiopsis agrostidis produces harpophora-like conidia (Gams 2000),which differ from other Magnaporthiopsis species by being smaller,filiform,andmorecurved.Theyhavenotbeenshownto germinate on PDA and may have a role as spermatia in sexualreproduction(Wong&Walker1975).Magnaporthiopsis agrostidisproducessuperficialcrust-likemycelialaggregationsthat become dark grey to dark brown in older cultures, similar to those of M. incrustans(Landschoot&Jackson1989). Magna-porthiopsis agrostidis was isolated from diseased roots of Agrostis stolonifera from a golf green with symptoms of a patch disease.IthasbeenshowntobepathogenictoA. stolonifera in glasshouse pathogenicity tests.

PercyT.W.Wong,UniversityofSydney,PlantBreedingInstitute,107CobbittyRd,Cobbitty2570,NewSouthWales,Australia;e-mail:[email protected]

WanpornKhemmuk&AndrewD.W.Geering,QueenslandAllianceforAgricultureandFoodInnovation,TheUniversityofQueensland,StLucia4072,Queensland,AustraliaandPlantBiosecurityCRC,LPOBox5012,Bruce2617,ACT,Australia;

e-mail:[email protected]@uq.edu.auRogerG.Shivas,PlantPathologyHerbarium,DepartmentofAgricultureandFisheries,DuttonPark4102,Queensland,Australiaand

PlantBiosecurityCRC,LPOBox5012,Bruce2617,ACT,Australia;e-mail:[email protected]

Themultilocusphylogenetictreewasinferredusingthemaxi-mumlikelihoodestimationmethod,asimplementedwithRAxMLv.7.2.6usingtheGTRGAMMAmodelofevolution.Bootstrapsupportvaluesareindicatedatthenodes.Thealignmentcon- sistedoffourpartialloci,namelyITS,LSU,rpb1 and tef1(repre-sentedbyrespectiveGenBankaccessionnumbersinthetree).Thescalebarindicatestheexpectednumberofchangespersite.Ex-typespeciesareinbold.

Colour illustrations.Australia,NewSouthWales,LaPerouse,NewSouthWalesGolfClub;crust-likemycelialaggregations,conidiophoresandconidiafromex-holotypeculture.Scalebars=1mm(left),10µm(others).

0.09

Magnaporthiopsis poae JF414836/JF414885/JF710433/JF710415

Cryphonectria parasitica AY141586/NG027589/ - /EU222014

Magnaporthiopsis rhizophila JF414833/JF414882/JF710431/JF710407

Buergenerula spartinae JX134666/DQ341492/JX134720/JX134692

Magnaporthiopsis incrustans JF414843/JF414892/JF710437/JF710412

Budhanggurabania cynodonticola KP162134/KP162140/KP162143/KP162138

Falciphora oryzae EU636699/KJ026705/KJ026706/KJ026708

Nakataea oryzae JF414838/JF414887/JF710441/JF701406

Magnaporthiopsis panicorum KF689643/KF689633/KF689613/KF689623

Gauemannomyces graminis var. graminis JX134669/JX134681/JX134723/JX134695

Magnaporthiopsis maydis KM484856/KM484971/KM485072/ -

Magnaporthiopsis agrostidis KT364753/KT364754/KT364755/KT36475695

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Lotinia verna




Lotinia Pérez-Butrón,Fern.-Vic.&P.Alvarado,gen. nov.

Etymology. Theepithetverna,fromLatinvernus(spring),referstothefactthatthisspeciesfruitsexclusivelyinSpring.

Ascoma2–5mmdiam,sessile,isolatedorgregariousoveranarrow base, discoidal, flattened, pulvinulate, sometimes with a wavyorelevatedmarginbecauseofcompression.Hymenium brownish or ochre, granulose due to the outstanding asci.Softfleshconsistency.Outersurfacepalerandcoveredwithbrownishhairs.Hymeniumsectionmeasuring480μmdiam.Hairs originating in the surface, deriving from external cells of the excipulum, brownish in colour although pigments dilute at the apex, flexuose, multiseptate, fasciculate, forming dense andcompactmatsoflongfiliformhairsfromthebottomoftheapothecium, becoming compressed or even incrusted at the top, wheretheycanexceedtheapothecium’smargin,(250–)328–510(–528)×4–6µm,withacellwall0.8–1(–1.6)μmdiam.Thereareshorterhairsnearthemargin,usuallyfusiformandwider,5–8.4μmdiam,andcellwallmeasuring1–2(–2.5)μmdiam,withthinsepta.Hairscanhaveanobtuseoracuteapex,andbecomenarroweratthebase.Inrarecasestheycanbebifid.Ascosporesmeasuring20–27(–30)×(15–)17–20(–22)µm(av.24.7×18.1µm);Q=1.36(measurestakenindistilledwaterfrom50sporesfromholotype),smooth,hyaline,globosetoellipsoid,frequentlywithadiffusecentralcoreupto6μmdiam.Theyhavethickwallsabout1.8μmdiam,butsometimesreachingupto3μmdiamwhenimmature.Asci eight-spored, uniseriate, cylindrical, narrowed at the base, operculate, not amyloid,pleurorhynchous,measuring240–460×19–32µm.Paraphysessingle,ramified,abundant,hyaline,multiseptate,measuring4μmdiaminthemiddleportion,becominginflatedattheapex,wheretheycanreachupto10μmdiam.Exter-nally, these are covered by a brownish encrusting amorphous matterattheapex.Hyphal hairs numerous at the base of the ascomata.Subhymenium slightly or not differentiated at all from medullarexcipulum.Medullar excipulum arranged as textura intricata,measuringabout175μmdiam, formedbyhyalinehyphae,12–20μmdiam.Ectal excipulummeasuring465μmthick,withcells14–20μmdiamatthebaseappearingasatextura globosa-angularis,andprismaticcells6–18μmdiamattheapex. Habitat&Distribution—SofarknownonlyfromEucalyptus nitens and Pinus radiataplantationsinBasqueCountry(Spain).

Typus.spAin,Bizkaia,Muskiz,MountPosadero, inmuddysoil,undermoss, with Eucalyptus nitens and Pinus radiata,4Apr.2003,J.L. Pérez-Butrón(holotypeHerbariumSociedadCienciasNaturalesSestao,SESTAO2003040401;ITSsequenceGenBankKP195730,LSUsequenceGenBankKP195729,tef1sequenceGenBankKP195727,MycoBankMB814903).

Additional specimens examined.spAin,Bizkaia,Muskiz,MountPosadero,UTM30TVN8896,310m,growingisolatedorindensegroupsinmuddysoilof a forest track, with presence of Eucalyptus nitens and Pinus radiata, 15 Mar.2001,J.L. Pérez-Butrón & J. Fernández-Vicente,SESTAO2001031501;ibid., 23Apr. 2002,J.L. Pérez-Butrón & J. Fernández-Vicente,SESTAO2002042301;ibid.,30May2002,J.L. Pérez-Butrón,SESTAO2002053001;ibid.,11June2002,J.L. Pérez-Butrón,SESTAO2002061101(LSUsequenceGenBankKP195728, tef1 sequenceGenBankKP195726); ibid.,20Mar.2003,J.L. Pérez-Butrón,SESTAO2003032001.

Notes —Lotinia verna is characterised by the textura prismatica and globosa-angularis of the ectal excipulum, the exter-nal hairs, thin and flexuose, growing in dense mats from the base to the top of the apothecium, a really uncommon feature, hairs obtuse or acute, becoming narrower at the base, and exceptionallybifid,paraphysespresentinganencrustingmatterattheirtop,andfruitingseasonisspring.Overallmorphologycan recall many genera in the Pyronemataceae, but some of them such as Cheilymenia, Scutellinia, Parascutellinia or Kotlabaea, present carotenoid pigments, which are absent in Lotinia.GenusHumaria has cupuliform ascomata much largerinsize,andbiguttulateverrucosespores.Trichophaea has rigid hairs emerging from the base, and spores are gut-tulated(Kanouse1958,Calonge etal.1988,Bronckers2003).Trichophaeopsis(Korf&Erb1972,Gamundi1973)hasanectalexcipulum formed by vertical cells arranged in perpendicular rows as a textura prismatica, flexuose hairs becoming thin and bifurcating at the base, spores not guttulate, and sometimes containing warts as in T. latispora(Moravec1979).Despitethesimilarities with Lotinia,moleculardataseparatesbothlineages.Paratrichophaea has white-coloured ascomata, rigid hairs with often radicant base, epidermic texture in the excipulum and subfusiformspores(Trigaux1985,Bronckers2002a,b,2003).Tricharina has cupuliform apothecia, subfusiform, depressed, refringent, ascospores with minute guttules at the poles, becom-ing yellowish with cotton blue, and paraphyses and spore nuclei reactwithcarmineaceticacid(Yang&Korf1985,Dougoud2002).ThesereactionsarenotobservedinLotinia.

Etymology.ThenamehonoursthebasquemycologistDrRobertoLotinaBenguria(1912–1997).

Classification—Pyronemataceae, Pezizales, Pezizomy-cetes.

Ascomata discoidal, brownish, with the external surface covered withflexuosehairsfromthebasetothetop.Ectal excipulum

arranged as a textura prismatica.Asci8-spored,operculate,notamyloid.Ascospores smooth, not guttulated, globose to ellipsoid.

Type species.Lotinia verna. MycoBankMB814887.

Lotinia verna Pérez-Butrón,Fern.-Vic.&P.Alvarado,sp. nov.

Colour illustrations.EucalyptustreesgrowinginSpain.Ascomataindif-ferentdevelopmentalstages;ascospores,asci,paraphyses,externalhairs,margin hairs, base of hairs, ascocarps, ascocarp section, excipulum partial section,hairs.Scalebars=60,30and20µm.

JoséLuisPérez-Butrón,SociedaddeCienciasNaturalesdeSestao/SestaokoNaturZientzienElkartea,POBox41,E-48910Sestao,Bizkaia,Spain;e-mail:[email protected]

JavierFernández-Vicente,Iparraguirre4-4°D,E-48510,Trapagaran,Bizkaia,Spain;e-mail:[email protected],ALVALAB,C/LaRochelan°47,E-39012,Santander,Spain;e-mail:[email protected]

Bayesianconsensustree(LSU-rpb2-tef1)depictingthephy-logenetic position of the new genus Lotinia(forphylogenetictree,seeMycoBank).


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