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KGI – Physiology Syllabus of 12

FUNDEMENTALS OF PHYSIOLOGY Course Details

Course Title Fundamentals of Physiology

Course Number BIOL 170

Department Physiology

Credit Hours 4

Grading Type Letter

Course Director Conrad Fischer MD & Niket Sonpal MD

Director’s Email

Campus Director

Campus Email

[email protected] & [email protected]

TBD

TBD

Table of Contents

FUNDEMENTALS OFPHYSIOLOGY ....................................................................................................1

COURSE DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................... 2

Course Objectives ................................................................................................................................. 2

Required Texts and Materials ............................................................................................................... 2

Course Structure and Grade Computation ........................................................................................... 2 Course Grade Computation .............................................................................................................................. 2 Preparation ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 Classroom ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Lab .................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Exams ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Grade breakdown: ............................................................................................................................................ 3

Review of sessions topics, lecturer and hours ...................................................................................... 4

Lecture topics, objectives and labs ....................................................................................................... 5

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


COURSE DESCRIPTION

Welcome to Human Physiology! Physiology is among the most fascinating and challenging areas

of science, as it is the study of body function, at the molecular, cellular, organ, and system levels

- integration! The primary goal of this course is to instill an understanding of how the various

systems of the human body work together to sustain life. Our approach will be to review some

basic chemistry and the functioning of the unit of living things, the cell. We will emphasize the

importance of the cell membrane and this knowledge will provide the basis for understanding

how the nervous system operates as the chief communication network of the body. This

information, in turn, will allow us to understand the cooperative functioning of the other systems

of the body listed above. Thus, by the end of the semester, you will have a better idea of how

your body works.

Course Objectives

Upon successful completion of the course, a student should be able to:

1. Explain the basic physiological functions of the 11 organ systems within the human body.

2. Compare and contrast normal physiological processes and be able to recognize the

relationship between pathogenic progression and altered physiological responses.

3. Evaluate the health of the human body by analyzing and correctly interpreting

physiological data collected by students utilizing scientific instrumentation.

Required Texts and Materials

1. Physiology, 4th Edition, a. Author = Linda Costanzo b. ISBN =1416061096

2. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 11th edition a. Author = Betrand G. Katzung and et el. b. ISBN =978-0-07-160405-5

Course Structure and Grade Computation

Course Grade Computation

Course Grade: Lecture Exams (2) 60%; sessions 1-4 & sessions 5-7

Final Exam (cumulative) 35%; session 1-8

The Final Examination will be cumulative, encompassing the important points of all the lectures,

scientific articles, including the course video series, which will be available during the course.

Preparation

Students are expected to watch and review all material on or before Thursday at 11:59 p.m. two

days before class. The lectures will include a series of questions that will assist the professor in

identifying areas students are having difficulty with. These areas will be in focus doing the


classroom discussion. These assessment questions will be graded. It is expected that the

watching and reviewing the reading will take approximately 5 hours per week.

Classroom

Students will work through a series of questions presented by the campus director. This work

will be done in teams and students will enter their answers to those questions via the student

response system, iClicker. The iClicker question will be graded.

Lab

On class days there will also be a 1 to 2 hour lab. You will be expected to dissect, find and

analysis the structures and / or areas listed in the syllabus. Lab will be graded for attendance and

a “bonus” will be awarded to the final grade for exceptional students.

Exams

There will be two exams:

Exam 1 ------------ Sessions 1 – 4. The exam will be given on the Session 5 right after the lab.

Exam II-------------Sessions 5 – 8. The exam will be given after Session 8 lab.

All grades will be rounded up to the nearest 0.1 grade at the end of the course. (i.e. an 85.81%

grade will be rounded to an 85.9%).

Grade breakdown:

A+ >94%

A 90% to 93.9%

A- 86% to 89.9%

B+ 81% to 85.9%

B 77% to 81.9%

B- 75% to 76.9%

C+ 70% to 74.9%

C 67% to 69.9%

C- 64% to 66.9%

D 55% to 63.9%

F <54.9%


Review of sessions topics, lecturer and hours

Session LectureTopic Lecturer VideoHours

1 Bodyfluids,fluidmembrands Dr.ConradFischer 2

1 Activetransport,Osmosis Dr.ConradFischer 2

2 Actionpotentials,skeletalmuscle Dr.ConradFischer 2.5

2 SmoothMuscle,autonomicnervoussystem Dr.ConradFischer 2.5

3 Autonomicreceptors,sensorysystemandpain Dr.ConradFischer 2.5

3 Vision,audition Dr.ConradFischer 2.5

4 Vestibularsystem,olfaction&taste Dr.ConradFischer 2.5

4 Motorsystems Dr.ConradFischer 2.5

5 Structureoftherespiratorysystem,lungvolume&capacities Dr.ConradFischer 2.5

5 Alveolarventilationandbreathingmechanisms Dr.ConradFischer 2.5

6 Gasexchange,oxygentransport Dr.ConradFischer 2

6 CO2TransportinBlood,Ventilation-Perfusion,controlof

breathing

Dr.ConradFischer

2

7 Renalstructure&fluidcompartmentclearance&bodyfluid

compartments

Dr.NiketSonpal

4

8 Gantrointestinaltractandhormones Dr.NiketSonpal 3

Approximatevideohours 35

Classroomhours 8

Labhours 16

Totalcoursehours 59

Creditsforcourse 4


Lecture topics, objectives and labs

Lecture Dr.ConradFischerSession 1

DateofClass Saturdaythe14ofJune2014

VideoHours 4

LectureTopic

Reading Pages1-5

LectureObjectives

1 Distinguishbetweenthevariousbodyfluid

compartmentsandsummarizetheionic

(cations&anions)compositionforeach.

4 Describethearchitectureofthecell

membraneanditsfunctions

2 Distinguishbetweenunitsofmeasuring

concentrations(egmilliosmolesvs

millimoles).

5 Describethecellmembraneanddefine

amphipathic/alipidbilayer?

3 Describeredistributionofionsacrossthe

capillarywallaccordingtotheGibbs-Donnan

Equilibrium.

6 Distinguishbetweenthehydrophilicand

hydrophobicpropertiesofthecellmembrane,

andidentifythefeaturesthatdeterminethese

properties.

7 Distinguishbetweenintegralandperipheral

proteins

LectureTopic Active transport, Osmosis

Reading Pages 5-18

LectureObjectives

1 Describethevariousmodesoftransport

acrossthecellmembrane(simplediffusion,

facilitateddiffusion,primary&secondary

active;coandcountertransport)

5 Definethedifferencesbetweenahypotonic,

isotonicandhypertonicsolutionand

equilibriumpotentials

2 Calculatetherateofdiffusionacrossacell

membrane.6 ListtheequilibriumpotentialforNa,Ca,K,&

Cl

3 Characterizesaturation,stereospecificity,&

competitionandrelatetoeffectsoncarrier-

mediatedtransport?

7 DescribetherelationshipbetweentheNernst

equationandequilibriumpotential

4 Listthebodyprocessesthatutilizeeachtype

oftransport.

Lab Osmorality

1 Describethevariousmodesoftransport

acrossthecellmembrane(simplediffusion,

facilitateddiffusion,primary&secondary

active;coandcountertransport)

3 DescribetherelationshipbetweentheNernst

equationandequilibriumpotential

2 Describeredistributionofionsacrossthe

capillarywallaccordingtotheGibbs-Donnan

Equilibrium.

Body fluids, fluid membrands



DateofClass Saturdaythe21ofJune2014VideoHours 5

LectureTopic Action potentials, skeletal muscle

Reading Pages 18-39

LectureObjectives

1 Defineactionpotential 7 Defineexcitatory&inhibitorypostsynaptic

potentials,includeionicconductanceandlist

theneurotransmittersfacilitateeachpotential

2 Describedepolarization,hyperpolarization,

inward&outwardcurrent,threshold,

overshoot&undershoot,refractoryperiod

8 Distinguishspatialfromtemporalsummation

3 Reconstructthemechanismofanaction

potential;stereotypicalsize&shape,

propagation,all-or-noneresponse

9 Listthemainneurotransmittersanddescribe

themechanismofactionforeach

4 Characterizetheionicbasisforeachphaseof

anactionpotential?10 Listanddefinethestructuralcomponentsof

skeletalmusclefibers(actin,myosin,titin,

tropomyosin)

5 Distinguishbetweenabsoluteandrelative

refractoryperiod11 Explaintherelationshipbetweenlengthand

tension(passive+active=totaltension)

6 Defineaccommodation 12 Explaintherelationshipbetweenlengthand

tension(passive+active=totalExplainthe

relationshipbetweenforceandvelocity&

Distinguishisometrictension)fromisotonic

contraction.

LectureTopic

Reading Pages 39-58

LectureObjectives

1 Listanddefinethedifferencesbetween

smoothmuscleandskeletalmuscle4 DescribethefunctionoftheANSandexplain

howtheANSregulateshomeostasis

2 Listthetypesofsmoothmuscle,compareand

contrastunitaryandmultiunit5 Compareandcontrastthedivisionsofthe

ANS;sympatheticvs.parasympathetic

3 Describetheprocessofexcitation-contraction

couplinginsmoothmuscle.6 Listanddescribethespinalandcranialorigins

ofthesympatheticandparasympathetic

nervoussystem.

Lab ActionPotentials

1 Define action potential 3 List and define the differences between

smooth muscle and skeletal muscle

2 Describe depolarization, hyperpolarization,

inward & outward current, threshold,

overshoot & undershoot, refractory period

4 Describe the process of excitation-

contraction coupling in smooth muscle.

Smooth Muscle, autonomic nervous system



DateofClass Saturdaythe28ofJune2014

VideoHours 5

LectureTopic

Reading Pages 58-77

LectureObjectives

1 Locateanddefinethefunctionofeach

autonomicreceptorα1,α2,β1,β2,nicotinic,

muscarinic

4 Define“adaptation”toasensorystimulusand

compareandcontrastphasicandtonic

receptors

2 Defineagonistandantagonist 5 Listandlocateeachtypeofmechanoreceptor

andidentifythesensoryinformationthey

transduce

3 IntegratethefunctionoftheANSwitheach

organ;heart,vascularsmoothmuscle,

bronchioles,GIT,bladder,malegenitalia,eye,

skin,lacrimalglands,liver,adiposetissue,

kidney

6 Definenociceptorsandlisteachtype;thermal,

mechanical,&polymodalnociceptors

LectureTopic

Reading Pages 78-89

LectureObjectives

1 Describetheanatomyoftheeye 4 Identifythestructuresoftheear;outer,

middle&innerear.

2 Compareandcontrastthestructural,chemical

andfunctionaldifferencebetweenrodsand

cones

5 Distinguishperilymphfromendolymphboth

compositionandfunction

3 Explaintheroleofbipolar&horizontalcellsin

receptivefields6 Describethefunctionoftheorganofcorti

Lab Vision & auditon

1 Describe the anatomy of the eye 3 Identify the structures of the ear; outer,

middle & inner ear.

2 Explain the role of bipolar & horizontal

cells in receptive fields

4 Describe the function of the organ of corti

Autonomic receptors, sensory system and pain

Vision, audition



DateofClass Saturdaythe12ofJuly2014

VideoHours 5

LectureTopic

Reading Pages 90-96

LectureObjectives

1 Describethefunctionofthevestibularorgan;

semicircularorgans,ampulla,cupula,otolith

organ(utricle,saccule).

4 Definehypogeusia,hypergeusia,dysgeusia.

2 Describethevestibularpathwayandrelatethe

structuretotheprocessofvestibular

transduction.

5 Describetheolfactoryreceptor.

3 Definenystagmus. 6 Describethemechanismofsignaltransduction

foreachofthefivetastequalities;bitter,

sweet,umani,sour,andsalt.

LectureTopic

Reading Pages 96-101

LectureObjectives

1 Definemotorunit. 4 Defineanddescribemusclespindle

2 Classifythetypesofmotoneuronsand

describetheroleforeachinmuscle

contractionorrelaxation

5 Describehowthemusclespindlefunctionsas

areceptor.

3 Distinguishbetweenextrafusalandintrafusal

fibers6 Describethespinalcordreflexes;stretch,golgi

tendon,flexor-withdrawalreflex..

Lab Motorsystem

1 Define motor unit. 3 Describe the spinal cord reflexes; stretch,

golgi tendon, flexor-withdrawal reflex..

2 Describe how the muscle spindle functions

as a receptor.

4 Distinguish between extrafusal and

intrafusal fibers

Motor systems

Vestibular system, olfaction & taste




VideoHours 5

LectureTopic


LectureObjectives

1 Recallthenormalanatomyoftherespiratory

airways4 Compareandcontrastanatomicand

physiologicdeadspace

2 Listanddescribeeachoftherespiratory

zones.5 Calculatephysiologicdeadspace.

3 Listanddescribeeachofthevolumesand

capacities(tidalvolume,residualcapacity,

reservevolumeandvitalcapacity,minute

ventilation)

6 Calculateventilationrates.

LectureTopic


LectureObjectives

1Calculatealveolarventilation

5 ExplaintheroleofsurfactantLocatewhere

isitmade,Identifywhenisitmade,

2 Calculatealveolarpressureofagas. 6 Calculateairflowoftheairways.

3 Describeforcedexpiratoryvolumeand

relatetoobstructiveandrestrictivelung

diseases

7Describeacompletebreathcycle.

4 Comparethecomplianceofthelungand

chestwalltolung-chestwallsystem.8 listanddescribethemusclesofinspiration

&expiration

Lab Respiration

1 List and describe each of the volumes and

capacities (tidal volume, residual capacity,

reserve volume and vital capacity, minute

ventilation)

3 Explain the role of surfactant Locate where

is it made, Identify when is it made,

2 Calculate alveolar ventilation 4 Describe a complete breath cycle.

Alveolar ventilation and breathing mechanisms

Structure of the respiratory system, lung volume & capacities




VideoHours 4

LectureTopic


LectureObjectives

1 ListanddescribetheGaslaws;includeGeneral

gaslaw,Boyles’law,Dalton’slawofpartial

pressure,Fick’slaw.

5 Distinguishoxygen-bindingcapacityfrom

oxygencontent.

2 Calculatethepartialpressureofagas 6 DefineP50

3 Describelung-diffusingcapacityandexplain

howisitalteredbyemphysema,fibrosis,

edema,&exercise

7 Listanddescribeconditionsthatcause

left/rightshiftoftheO2-hemoglobin

dissociationcurve

4 Explainoxygentransportbyblood 8 Explaintheeffectofcarbonmonoxideonthe

affinityofO2tohemoglobinandO2content

LectureTopicReading Pages 215-234

LectureObjectives

1 DescribeCO2transportbyblood 7 Identifypartsofthelungandrelateto

ventilationandperfusion

2 ExplaintherelationshipbetweenCO2and

bicarbonate

8 Listanddescribetheregulatorycentersinthe

brainstemanddescribetheregulationof

breathing

4 Recalltheregulationofpulmonarybloodflow 9 Compareandcontrastcentralandperipheral

chemoreceptors

4 Listanddescribethezonesofthelungand

compareandcontrastthepressuresineach

zone

10 Describetheeffectofexerciseandaltitudeon

breathing

5 DescribetheV/Qratioforeachlungzone. 11 Definehypoxemiaandhypoxia

6 Defineshunt,andexplain

ventilation/perfusion(V/Q)mismatches

Lab Respirationpart2

1 Describe CO2 transport by blood 3 List and describe conditions that cause

left/right shift of the O2-hemoglobin

dissociation curve

2 List and describe the zones of the lung and

compare and contrast the pressures in each

zone

4 Explain the effect of carbon monoxide on

the affinity of O2 to hemoglobin and O2

content

Gas exchange, oxygen transport

CO2 Transport in Blood, Ventilation-Perfusion, control of breathing


Lecture Dr.NiketSonpal Session 7

DateofClass Saturdaythe2ofAugust2014

VideoHours 4

LectureTopic Renal structure & fluid compartment clearance & body fluid compartments


LectureObjectives

1 Recallbasicrenalanatomyandvasculature. 6 Definerenalclearance

2 Defineandlisttheregionsofthenephron 7 Describetheclearanceofalbumin,glucose,

inulin,&PAHbythekidney

3 Explainbodyfluiddistributionand

measurement8 Describetheuniquepropertiesofinulinthat

makeitaglomerularmarker

4 Calculatedfluidcompartmentvolume. 9 Explainandcalculatetheclearanceratioofa

substancetoinulin,anddetermineabsorption

orreabsorptionofthesubstance

5 Explaintheeffectofdiarrhea,burns,sweating,

fever,diabetesinsipidus,adrenalinsufficiency,

isotonic/hypertonicfluids,&SIADHoneach

fluidcompartment

LectureTopic

Reading Pges 247-257

LectureObjectives

1 Definerenalbloodflow(RBF)&renalplasma

flow(RPF)Distinguishthetwo.CalculateRBF&

RPF

7 ListanddescribetheStarlingforcesfavoring

glomerularfiltration

2 Explaintheregulationofrenalbloodflowby

ANS,angiotensinII,prostaglandins,&

dopamine

8 Decribetheeffectsof

vasoconstriction/dilationofafferentand

efferentarteriolesonglomerularfiltration

3 Listanddescribetheautoregulatory

mechanismsmediatingRBF9 Explainthemeasurementofglomerular

filtrationrate(GFR)

4 Defineglomerularfiltration 10 Calculateglomerularfiltrationrate(GFR)

5 Describetheglomerularfiltrationbarrier. 11 Listandexplainthemarkersusedtomeasure

glomerularfiltration

6 Explainwhyproteinsarenotfiltered 12 Defineandcalculatefiltrationfraction

Lab TheKidney

1 Recall basic renal anatomy and vasculature. 3 Describe the clearance of albumin, glucose,

inulin, & PAH by the kidney

2 Define and list the regions of the nephron 4 Define renal clearance

Renal blood flow and the GFR rate


Lecture Dr.NiketSonpal Session 8

DateofClass Saturdaythe9ofAugust2014

VideoHours 3

LectureTopic Gantrointestinal tract and hormones


LectureObjectives

1 Describethestructurallayersofthe

gastrointestinaltract.4 Distinguishbetweenhormones,paracrines,

andneurocrines.

2 Describetheintegratedfunctionsofthe

sympathetic,parasympathetic&enteric

nervoussystemininnervatingtheGItract.

5 ExplaintheroleofACh,norepinephrine,VIP,

GRP,enkephalins,neuropeptideY&substance

PininnervatingtheGItract

3 Listanddescribetheneurotransmittersand

neuromodulatorsoftheentericnervous

systemandexplaintheiractions

6 Definethesiteofsecretion,regulationand

actionofgastrin,CCK,secretin,&GIP.

LectureTopic


LectureObjectives

1 Distinguishbetweendigestionandabsorption 4 Describehowfatsareemulsified

2 Listthedigestedproductsofcarbohydrates,

proteins5 Definemiscelle

3 ListthemonosacchridesabsorbedbytheGI

tract.6 Listanddefinethedigestiveenzymesoffats

Lab Nolab

Digestion and absorptioin of carbohydrates & lipids

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