Fundamentals of Semiconductor Physics

万 歆Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics

xinwan@zimp.zju.edu.cn

http://zimp.zju.edu.cn/~xinwan/

Fall 2006

In memory of Prof. Xie Xide (1921-2000)

Syllabus

1.半导体电子学基础 - 12 学时a) 键和能带 b) 杂质和缺陷 c) 载流子的统计分布 d) 电荷输运

2.半导体硅工艺 - 3 学时 3.结和接触 - 9 学时

a) p-n 结 b) 异质结 c) 金属 -半导体接触 4. MOS （金属 -氧化物 -半导体）和金氧半场效应管 - 6 学时 5.低维系统 - 6 学时

a) 二维电子气和量子霍耳效应 b) 量子线 c) 量子点 6.自旋电子学 - 6 学时

a) 巨磁阻 b) 磁性半导体 c) 自旋输运和自旋器件 7.学生报告 - 6 学时

Textbooks

Solid State Physics Books

Ashcroft & Mermin

Kittel

Chapter 0. Introduction

0.1 Among Chinese who brought semiconductor physics to

China are

Huang Kun （黄昆）Xie Xide （谢希德）

0.2 Motivation

0.3 Past, now and future

0.3.1 Invention of transistor

0.3.2 Semiconductor industry

0.3.3 Future

Motivation

• Rapid development in semiconductor industry

– Requires fundamental understanding of semiconductor physics

e.g., transistors, giant magnetoresistance (GMR), …

– Motivates fundamental physics problems

e.g., disordered physics, magnetic semiconductors

– Leads to innovated samples and techniques for experiments

e.g., two-dimensional electron gases, quantum wires, dots, …

• Story: The rise and fall of Bell Laboratories

Some Devices

1907 LED Round

1947 BJT Bardeen, Brattain & Shockley

1949 p-n junction Shockley

1954 Solar cell Chapin, Fuller & Pearson

1960 MOSFET Kahng & Atalla

1962 Semicond. laser Hall et al.

1967 NVSM Kahng & Sze

1970 CCD Boyle & Smith

1974 RTD Chang, Esaki & Tsu

1988 GMR Fert et al. / Grünberg et al.

The Transistor

Semiconductor Industry

Moore’s Law

动态随机存储器密度

呈指数增长

半导体器件中

不同技术的成长曲线