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Politecnico di MilanoScuola di Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione
Fundamentals of Communication Networks
Alessandro Redondi
Teachero Alessandro Redondio Office:
n Dip. di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria – DEIB, 3rd floor
o Tel: (02 2399) 3403o E-mail:
[email protected] Web page:
n http://www.antlab.polimi.it/people/alessandro-redondi/
o Office hours:n Tuesday 10:00 - 11:00 (by appointment)
Exams
o Written and oral examn 4/5 Numerical exercisesn 1 Set of questionsn Oral exam within my discretion
Teaching material (1)
o Reference books:n A. S. Tanenbaum, D. J. Wetherall,
“Computer Networks”, Fifth Edition, Pearsonn James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, “Computer
Networking: a top down approach”, Editore: Pearson
Teaching material (2)
o Other booksn Saadawi Tarek N. , Ammar Mostafa
H., El Hakeem Ahmed, “Fundamentals of telecommunication networks” Wiley
n Fred Halsall, “Data Communications, Computer Networks, and Open Systems” Addison-Wesley
n Behrouz A. Forouzan, TCP/IP protocol suite, McGraw-Hill
n Douglas E. Comer, Internetworking with TCP/IP, Addison-Wesley
Teaching material (3)
o Lecture slideso Other material and linkso Course web site
Course home pagehttp://www.antlab.polimi.it/ale-teaching/fundamentals-of-communication-networks
Course objetive
o Provide you the basics of computer networks
o Present you the “building blocks” of the Internet
This basic knowledge is fundamental for the advanced topics covered by most of the other courses of the MSc program
Background
Software applications exchange information with remote applications
For communicating they use: The INTERNET
Communications uses physical media and are subject to rules (protocols)o We will deal with:
n How to support communicationsn Protocols used at different layersn Network infrastructures
Probability Theory
o In addition to Communication Networks, the course provides also the basics of probability theory
o This is instrumental to some advanced course of networking like Traffic Theory, but also to other courses of the study program
Course program
o Basics of probability theoryn Probabilities
o Definitions o Uniform spaces o Conditional spaces o Bayes’ Formulas o Statistical independence
n Random Variableso Spaces with infinite outcomes o Continuous Random Variables o Discrete Random Variableso Moments of a pdfo Conditional distributions and densities o Vectorial Random Variableso Functions of Random Variables
Course program
o Functional modelsn Protocolsn Communication servicesn Stack models and main functions
o Physical layern Multiplexingn Multiple accessn Transport networks
o Link layern Framingn Error controln Retransmission n Flow controln Link protocol example (HDLC)
Course program
o Local Area Networksn Random accessn Ethernetn Bridging
o Internet architectureo Network layer: IP
n Addressingn Forwarding and routingn Control protocolsn Routing protocols
Course programo Transport layer
n UDPn TCP
o Application layern Name management: DNSn File transfer: FTPn Web Browsing: HTTPn E-mail: (SMTP)n Peer-To-Peer applications
o Private networksn Private addressingn Tunnelsn NAT
o MPLSo IPv6
Politecnico di MilanoScuola di Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione
IntroductionFundamentals of Communication Networks
A bit of history
The born of the Internet: 60s
o 1961: Kleinrock –shows the effectiveness of packet switching with queuing theory
o 1967: Lawrence Roberts designs ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency)
o 1969: first network node IMP (Interface Message Processor) di ARPAnet at UCLA
The born of the Internet: 70so 1972:
n NCP (Network Control Protocol) the first Internet protocol
n First email applicationn ARPAnet has 15 nodes
o 1970:n ALOHAnet radio packet
network at Univ. of Hawaii
o 1974:n Cerf and Kahn – design
internetworking (network of networks) principles
o 1976:n Ethernet is designed in
the Xerox labso 1979:
n ARPAnet has 200 nodes
The born of the Internet: 80s
o 1982: SMTP for email is defined
o 1983: TCP/IP suite replaces NCP
o 1983: DNS is defined for mapping of names and addresses
o 1985: FTP protocolo 1988: congestion
control of TCP
o New national networks: Csnet, BITnet, NSFnet, Minitel
o 100.000 hosts
First applications
o Telnet o Email
o FTP
The born of the Internet: 90so 1990: ARPAnet is
discontinuedo 1991: NSF allows
commercial use of NSFnet
o First 90s: Tim Berners-Lee invents the web at Cern in Genève
o 1994: First browser Mosaic, then Netscape
o End of 90s: explosion of commercial use of the Web
The born of the Internet: 2000s
2000s:o New “killer
applications”: instant messaging, P2P file sharing, IP Telephony, social networks
o Network securityo Billions of userso Link speeds up to
few GbpsZuckerberg
Diffie-Hellman-Merkle
Shawn Fanning
The born of the Internet: 10s
10s - today:o Mobile interneto iPhoneo Androido Application markets
http://www.caida.org
24
World is small
Internet growth
http://www.internetlivestats.com/internet-users/
Internet vs mobile networks
Source: ITU