fundamentals of communication networks - …home.deib.polimi.it/capone/fcn/01-introduction.pdf"...
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Politecnico di Milano Scuola di Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione
Fundamentals of Communication Networks
Prof. Antonio Capone
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Teacher o Prof. Antonio Capone o Office:
n Dip. di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria - DEIB
n 3° piano n stanza 335
o Tel: (02 2399) 3449 o E-mail: [email protected] o Web page:
n http://home.deib.polimi.it/capone/ o Office hours:
n Martedì 14.00-15.30
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Exams
o Written and oral exam n 4 Numerical exercises n 1 Set of questions n Oral exam if written score >=15
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Teaching material (1)
o Reference books: n A. S. Tanenbaum, D. J. Wetherall,
“Computer Networks”, Fifth Edition, Pearson n James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, “Computer
Networking: a top down approach”, Editore: Pearson
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Teaching material (2)
o Other books n Saadawi Tarek N. , Ammar Mostafa H.,
El Hakeem Ahmed, “Fundamentals of telecommunication networks” Wiley
n Fred Halsall, “Data Communications, Computer Networks, and Open Systems” Addison-Wesley
n Behrouz A. Forouzan, TCP/IP protocol suite, McGraw-Hill
n Douglas E. Comer, Internetworking with TCP/IP, Addison-Wesley
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Teaching material (3)
o Lecture slides o Other material and links o Course web site
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Course home page
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Course objetive
o Provide you the basics of computer networks
o Present you the “building blocks” of the Internet
This basic knowledge is fundamental for the advanced topics covered by most of the other courses of the MSc program
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Background
Software applications exchange information with remote applications
For communicating they use: The INTERNET
Communications uses physical media and are subject to rules (protocols) o We will deal with:
n How to support communications n Protocols used at different layers n Network infrastructures
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Probability Theory
o In addition to Communication Networks, the course provides also the basics of probability theory
o This is instrumental to some advanced course of networking like Traffic Theory, but also to other courses of the study program
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Course program
o Basics of probability theory n Probabilities
o Definitions o Uniform spaces o Conditional spaces o Bayes’ Formulas o Statistical independence
n Random Variables o Spaces with infinite outcomes o Continuous Random Variables o Discrete Random Variables o Moments of a pdf o Conditional distributions and densities o Vectorial Random Variables o Functions of Random Variables
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Course program
o Functional models n Protocols n Communication services n Stack models and main functions
o Physical layer n Multiplexing n Multiple access n Transport networks
o Link layer n Framing n Error control n Retransmission n Flow control n Link protocol example (HDLC)
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Course program
o Local Area Networks n Random access n Ethernet n Bridging
o Internet architecture o Network layer: IP
n Addressing n Forwarding and routing n Control protocols n Routing protocols
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Course program o Transport layer
n UDP n TCP
o Application layer n Name management: DNS n File transfer: FTP n Web Browsing: HTTP n E-mail: (SMTP) n Peer-To-Peer applications
o Private networks n Private addressing n Tunnels n NAT
o MPLS o IPv6
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Politecnico di Milano Scuola di Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione
Introduction
Fundamentals of Communication Networks
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A bit of history
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The born of the Internet: 60s
o 1961: Kleinrock – shows the effectiveness of packet switching with queuing theory
o 1967: Lawrence Roberts designs ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency)
o 1969: first network node IMP (Interface Message Processor) di ARPAnet at UCLA
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The born of the Internet: 70s o 1972:
n NCP (Network Control Protocol) the first Internet protocol
n First email application n ARPAnet has 15 nodes
o 1970: n ALOHAnet radio packet
network at Univ. of Hawaii
o 1974: n Cerf and Kahn – design
internetworking (network of networks) principles
o 1976: n Ethernet is designed in
the Xerox labs o 1979:
n ARPAnet has 200 nodes
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The born of the Internet: 80s
o 1982: SMTP for email is defined
o 1983: TCP/IP suite replaces NCP
o 1983: DNS is defined for mapping of names and addresses
o 1985: FTP protocol o 1988: congestion
control of TCP
o New national networks: Csnet, BITnet, NSFnet, Minitel
o 100.000 hosts
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First applications
o Telnet o Email
o FTP
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The born of the Internet: 90s o 1990: ARPAnet is
discontinued o 1991: NSF allows
commercial use of NSFnet
o First 90s: Tim Berners-Lee invents the web at Cern in Genève
o 1994: First browser Mosaic, then Netscape
o End of 90s: explosion of commercial use of the Web
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The born of the Internet: 2000s
2000s: o New “killer
applications”: instant messaging, P2P file sharing, IP Telephony, social networks
o Network security o Billions of users o Link speeds up to
few Gbps Zuckerberg
Diffie-Hellman-Merkle
Shawn Fanning
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The born of the Internet: 10s
10s - today: o Mobile internet o iPhone o Android o Application markets
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http://www.caida.org
24
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World is small
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Internet growth
Jul 2013 996,230,757
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Internet vs mobile networks
Per 100 inhabitants o 96 mobile subscribers o 16 fixed lines o 39 internet users o 10 fixed-broadband o 29 mobile-broadband
Source: ITU Data: 2012