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FUNDAMENTAL OF

NURSING SKILL

LAB 1

Kartinah, S.Kep.,M.P.H

NURSING STUDY PROGRAM

Internal Only

ii

FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSINGSKILL LAB 1

KARTINAH, S.Kep.,M.P.H

NURSING STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2018

iii

VISSION

The Nursing Study Program will be a center of excellence of nursing science and

technology based on Islamic values, and is competitive in chronic disease nursing care by

2029.

MISSION

1. To develop science, technology and arts in the field of nursing as part of the worship

of Allah (SWT) integrated with devotion to the realization of the main community.

2. To organize high-quality, continuous and integrated professional education as an

effort to meet the needs and demands of competent nursing staff at the national level

in the field of chronic disease nursing care based on Islamic values.

OBJECTIVESOF NURSING STUDY PROGRAM

1. To become an excellent study program based on Islamic value in the education and

development of science and technology in the field of chronic disease nursing care.

2. To generate nurses who have high competency and noble character.

3. To become a sustainable nursing study program with high-quality governance.

4. Tocarry out learning processes that is capable of integrating Intellectual Intelligence (IQ),

Emotional Intelligence (EQ), and Spiritual Intelligence (SQ) in students by instilling

Islamic teachings and Muhammadiyah teachings.

5. To organize learning processes oriented to developing competencies, character building,

and professional ethics, as well as mastering soft skills required by the working world and

to meet national demands.

6. To carry out research and community services.

PROFILE OF GRADUATE

To become a pious and excellent nurse in performing the role as care provider,

communicator, educator, and health promoter, manager, leader, and researcher on the

mastery and implementation of science and technology, especially nursing care of chronic

diseases.

iv

PREFACE

All praises to Allah, the all-powerful and all-knowing ruler of the universe, for His

guidance and convenience through His compassion.Prayers and blessed greetings may attain

the Prophet Muhammad.

Fundamental of Nursing Skill Lab 1 has been compiled as a reference for Fundamental

Nursing Lab/Clinical Activities or Practices and is one of a series of lab/clinical implementation

to obtain an undergraduate nursing degree (S. Kep). This module is a preparation material to

assist lecturers or practicum instructors to devise study plan and lab/clinical activities with

Semester Credit Hours of 2 credits. In addition, this module provides a tool to assess student’s

learning activities. This learning process includes lab/clinical activities of fundamental nursing 1,

which involves for the signs and symptoms of the clients and the implementation of nursing care

as performed by nurse.

The author is aware that this module may not be perfect thus inputs for improving this

module is expected for the progress and improvement of students, education, and clinical

settings, especially in the nursing field. At last, the author would like to express gratitude for

appreciation and assistances from all parties.

Surakarta, 19 December 2018

Author,

……………………….

v

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE .................................................................................................... i

VISSION AND MISSION .................................................................... ii

PREFACE .............................................................................................. iii

TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................ v

STUDY PLAN ....................................................................................... vii

TIMELINE ........................................................................................... xiv

CONCEPT MAP ................................................................................... xvi

I. CONCEPT OF HUMAN BASIC NEEDS

Lab/Clinical Activity 1

Introduction of Medical Instrument ............................................ 3

REFERENCES

II. CONCEPT OFUNIVERSAL PRECAUTION AND INFECTION CONTROL

Lab/Clinical Activity1

Aseptic Technique .......................................................................... 12


Perform Clean Handwashing ........................................................ 14


Perform Sterile Handwashing....................................................... 18


Apply Sterile Gown ........................................................................ 22


Apply and Remove Gloves ............................................................ 26

REFERENCES

III CONCEPT OF SAFETY AND SECURITY NEEDS


Bed Making .................................................................................... 32

REFERENCES

IV. CONCEPT OF NEEDS FOR COMFORT AND PAIN MANAGEMENT


Massage .......................................................................................... 41


Deep Breathing Technique ............................................................ 46


Guided Imagery Technique........................................................... 50


Progressive Relaxation .................................................................. 55

vi

REFERENCES

V. CONCEPT OF VITAL SIGN ASSESSMENT


Vital Signs Assessment................................................................... 64

REFERENCES

VI. CONCEPT OF OXYGENATION


Oxygen Therapy ............................................................................. 72


Effective Coughing ......................................................................... 77

REFERENCES

VII. CONCEPT OF PERSONAL HYGIENE NEEDS


Complete Bed Bath ........................................................................ 85


Oral Care to Conscious Patient .................................................... 92


Oral Care to Unconscious Patient ................................................ 96


Hair Washing.................................................................................. 100


Feet and Nails Care ........................................................................ 104


Perineal Care .................................................................................. 108

REFERENCES

VIII. CONCEPT OF NUTRITIONAL NEEDS


Oral Feeding ................................................................................... 116


Nasogastric Tube/NGT for Feeding ............................................. 121

REFERENCES

IX. CONCEPT OF BOWEL MOVEMENT


Low/High Enema............................................................................ 129


Glycerin Enema .............................................................................. 133

REFERENCES

X. CONCEPT OF ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE NEEDS


vii

Range-of-Motion (ROM) ............................................................... 141

REFERENCES

XI CONCEPT OF MOBILITY AND TRANSFERRING NEEDS


Repositioning .................................................................................. 152


Patient Transfer ............................................................................. 156

REFERENCES

vii

STUDY PLAN

FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING SKILL LAB 1


FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCE

UNDERGRADUATE (S1) NURSING STUDY PROGRAM

STUDY PLAN

Course Title: Course Code: Course Type: Semester

Credit

Hours

(SCH)

SEMESTE

R

DATE OF PREPARATION

Fundamental of

Nursing Skill Lab

Kep 105302 Fundamental

of Nursing

2 1 4 January 2018

AUTHORIZATION Drafting team Course Coordinator Head of Study Program

Kartinah, S.Kep., M.P.H

Arum Pratiwi, S.Kp.,M.Kes.,PhD

Learning Outcomes Study Program Learning Outcomes

KU1 Implementation of philosophy, paradigm, nursing theory, and conceptual models in nursing care

KU2 Implementation of nursing techniques, principles and procedures

KU3 Implementation of concepts and techniques of therapeutic communication in providing nursing care to

clients

KU4 Implementation of the principle of Occupational Health and Safety, which guarantee patient safety, rights

viii

and work protection of nurses in the provision of nursing care

Course Learning Outcomes

M1 Learners are able to analyze the concept of basic human needs

M2 Learners are able to analyze the concept of universal precaution and infection control

M3 Learners are able to practice the fulfillment of safety and security needs

M4 Learners are able to practice the fulfillment of comfort needs

M5 Learners are able to practice the fulfillment of bowel movement needs

M6 Learners are able to practice the fulfillment of personalhygiene needs

M7 Learners are able to perform the concept of vital signs assessment

M8 Learners are able to practice the fulfillment of nutritional needs

M9 Learners are able to practice oxygenation

M10 Learners are able to practice the fulfillment of activity and exercises needs

M11 Learners are able to practice the fulfillment of mobility and transferringneeds

Course Description This course discusses the concept of caring at every occasion to provide nursing care to clients who experience

basic needs disorders, the ability to analyze clients' basic needs disorders, and the concept of interpersonal

relationships with clients.

Learning

Materials/Subjects

1. The concept of human basic needs

2. The concept of universalprecautionand infection control

3. Clinical activities to meet safety and security needs

4. Clinical activities to meet comfort needs

5. Clinical activities of oxygenation

6. Clinical activities of personal hygiene needs

ix

7. Clinical activities of vital signs assessment

8. Clinical activities of nutritional needs

9. Clinical activities of bowel movement

10. Clinical activities of activity and exercises

11. Clinical activities of client mobility and transferring

12. Clinical activities of pain management

References 1. A.Azis Alimun H. (2006). Pengantar Kebutuhan Dasar Manusia, Aplikasi Konsep dan Proses

Keperawatan. Jakarta: Buku 1, Buku 2, Salemba Medika.

2. A. Azis Alimun H, &Musrifatul U. (2005). Buku Saku Praktikum Kebutuhan Dasar Manusia.Jakarta:

Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.

3. Alman. (2000). Fundamental & Advanced Nursing Skill. Canada: Delmar Thompson, LearningPublisher.

4. Asmadi. (2008). Teknik Prosedural Keperawatan, Konsep dan Aplikasi Kebutuhan Dasar Klien.Jakarta:

Salemba Medika.

5. Elkin, et al. (2000). Nursing Intervention and Clinical Skills. SecondEd.

6. Harkreader, H., Hogan, M.A., &Thobaben, M. (2007). Fundamentals of Nursing Caring and Clinical

Judgment. Canada: Elsevier.

7. Hidayat, A. A.,& Musrifatul, U. (2005). Buku Saku Praktikum Kebutuhan Dasar Manusia. Jakarta : EGC.

8. Kozier, B., Erb,G.,Berwan, A.J.,& Burke,K. (2008). Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process and

Practice.

9. Perry, A. G., Potter, P. A., Yasmin, A. (Editor). (1999). Buku Saku Ketrampilan Dan Prosedur Dasar.

Jakarta: EGC.

10. Potter, P. A.,& Perry, A.G. (2009). Potter & Perry’s Fundamental of Nursing (7th ed). Sydney: Mosby.

x

11. Taylor, C., Lilis, C., & LeMone, P. (1998). Fundamental of Nursing : the art and science of nursing

care.Lippincott.

Learning media Software:

SOP of Nursing Care

Hardware:

LCD & projector

Audio system

Course Instructor Kartinah, S.Kep., M.P.H

Pre-requisite Theory of Fundamental Nursing 1

xi

WEEKLY STUDY PLAN

Week Course-Sub-ELO

(The expected learning

outcomes)

Indicator Criteria

&Assessment

tool

Instructional

method

(estimated

time)

Material (References) Grading (%)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

1 Learners are able to analyze the

concept of universal precaution

and infection control:

introduction of

equipment/instruments, aseptic

techniques, and

cleanhandwashing practice.

After attending

lab/clinical activity,

Learners will be able

to analyze the

concept of universal

precaution and

infection control:

introduction of

equipment/instrumen

ts, aseptic

techniques, and

cleanhandwashing

practice.

Criteria:

accuracy and

mastery

Assessment

tool: OSCE

Guideline of

Curriculum

Preparation

Class: 2X2X50

1. Introduction of

equipment/

instruments,

2. Aseptic

technique

3. Perform clean

handwashing.

2 Learners are able to analyze the

concept of universal precaution

and infection control: to perform

sterile handwashing, apply

sterile gowns, apply and remove

sterile gloves.

After attending



to perform the

concept of universal

precaution and

infection control: to

perform sterile

handwashing, apply

sterile gowns, apply

and remove sterile

gloves.

Criteria:

accuracy and

mastery

Assessment

tool: OSCE

Guideline of

Curriculum

Preparation

TM : 2X2X50

1. Perform sterile

handwashing

2. Apply sterile

gown

3. Apply and

remove gloves

xii

3 Learners are able to practice the

fulfillment of safety and security

needs: bed making.

After attending



to practice the

fulfillment of safety

and security needs:

bed making.

Criteria:

accuracy and

mastery

Assessment

tool: OSCE

Guideline of

Curriculum

Preparation

TM : 2X2X50

1. Bed making


fulfillment of comfort needs:

deep breathing and guided

imagery relaxation techniques.

After attending



to practice the

fulfillment of

comfort needs: deep

breathingtechnique

exercise and guided

imagery exercise.

Criteria:

accuracy and

mastery

Assessment

tool: OSCE

Guideline of

Curriculum

Preparation

TM : 2X2X50

1. Deep breathing

technique

2. Guidedimagery

technique


fulfillment of comfort needs:

Progressive relaxation and

massage.

After attending



to practice the

fulfillment of

comfort needs:

Progressive

relaxation and

massage.

Criteria:

accuracy and

mastery

Assessment

tool: OSCE

Guideline of

Curriculum

Preparation

TM : 2X2X50

1. Progressive

relaxation

2. Massage

6 Learners are able to practice

oxygenation: Oxygen therapy

and effective coughing.

After attending



to practice

oxygenation:

Oxygen therapy and

effective coughing.

Criteria:

accuracy and

mastery

Assessment

tool: OSCE

Guideline of

Curriculum

Preparation

TM : 2X2X50

1. Oxygen therapy

2. Effective

coughing

xiii


fulfillment of personal hygiene

needs:bathing, hair washing, and

perineal care.

After attending



to practice the

fulfillment of

personal hygiene

needs: bathing, hair

washing, and

perineal care.

Criteria:

accuracy and

mastery

Assessment

tool: OSCE

Guideline of

Curriculum

Preparation

TM : 2X2X50

1. Complete bed

bath

2. Hair washing

3. Perineal care


fulfillment of personal hygiene

needs: oral care, and feet and

nails care.

After attending



to practice the

fulfillment of

personal hygiene

needs: oral care, and

feet and nails care.

Criteria:

accuracy and

mastery

Assessment

tool: OSCE

Guideline of

Curriculum

Preparation

TM : 2X2X50

1. Oral care to

conscious client

2. Oral care to

unconscious

client

3. Feet and nails

care

9 Learners are able to perform the

concept of vital signs

assessment.

After attending



to perform the

concept of vital signs

assessment.

Criteria:

accuracy and

mastery

Assessment

tool: OSCE

Guideline of

Curriculum

Preparation

TM : 2X2X50

1. Vital signs

assessment

(blood pressure,

respiration,

temperature,

pulse)


fulfillment of nutritional needs:

Oral feeding and feeding

through NGT.

After attending



to practice the

fulfillment of

nutritional needs:

Oral feeding and

feeding via NGT.

Criteria:

accuracy and

mastery

Assessment

tool: OSCE

Guideline of

Curriculum

Preparation

TM : 2X2X50

1. Oral feeding

2. Feeding through

NGT

xiv


fulfillment of bowel movement

needs: low and high enema,

glycerin enema.

After attending



to practice the

fulfillment of bowel

movement needs:

low and high enema,

glycerin enema.

Criteria:

accuracy and

mastery

Assessment

tool: OSCE

Guideline of

Curriculum

Preparation

TM : 2X2X50

1. Low and high

enema

2. Glycerin enema


fulfillment of activity and

exercises needs: ROM.

After attending



to practice the

fulfillment of

activity and

exercises needs:

ROM.

Criteria:

accuracy and

mastery

Assessment

tool: OSCE

Guideline of

Curriculum

Preparation

TM : 2X2X50

1. Range-of-

Motion (ROM)


fulfillment of mobility and

transferring needs: repositioning

and patient transfer.

After attending



to practice the

fulfillment of

mobility and

transferring needs:

repositioning and

patient transfer.

Criteria:

accuracy and

mastery

Assessment

tool: OSCE

Guideline of

Curriculum

Preparation

TM : 2X2X50

1. Repositioning

2. Transferring

patient from bed

xiv

TIMELINE OF FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING SKILL LAB 1

NURSING STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCE


=============================================================

Instructor : Kartinah, S.Kep.,M.P.H

Study Program : Undergraduate (S1) of Nursing

Semester Credit Hours : Two (2)

Class/Semester :

CLASS

MATERIAL DURATION

(MINUTE)

STRATEGY

I Introduction to syllabus and

equipment/instruments

100 Lecture, Discussion

Aseptic technique 50 Lecture, Discussion

Clean handwashing 50 Simulation, Role play

II Sterile handwashing 75 Simulation, Role play

Application of sterile gown 75 Simulation, Role play

Application and removal of

gloves

50 Simulation, Role play

III Making an occupied bed 200 Simulation, Role play

IV Deep breathing technique 100 Simulation, Role play

Guide imagery technique 100 Simulation, Role play

V Progressive relaxation 100 Simulation, Role play

Massage 100 Simulation, Role play

VI Oxygenation 100 Simulation, Role play

Effective coughing exercises 100 Simulation, Role play

VII Complete bed bath 75 Simulation, Role play

Hair washing 50 Simulation, Role play

Perineal care 75 Simulation, Role play

VIII Oral care to conscious and

unconscious client


Feet and nails care 50 Simulation, Role play

xv

IX Vital signs assessment 200 Simulation, Role play

X Oral feeding


NGT installment for feeding 100 Simulation, Role play

XI Low/high enema


Glycerin enema 100 Simulation, Role play

XII Range-of- Motion (ROM) 200 Simulation, Role play

XIII Repositioning


Transferring patient from bed 100 Simulation, Role play

xvi

CONCEPT MAP OF FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING 1

Basic

Human

Needs

Physiological needs

Love and belonging needs

Self-esteem

Safety and security

Personal hygine

Client’s self-esteem

Hand washing and

aseptic technique

Oxygen

Family – client’s

nursing care

Nurse-client relationship

Patient transfers

Self -

actualization

Nutrition

Rest and Sleep

Elimination

1

CONCEPT OF BASIC HUMAN NEEDS

Learning Objective

=====================================================================

1. Learners will be able to identify tools and instruments for needs assessment.

2

CHAPTER I

CONCEPT OF BASIC HUMAN NEEDS

A. Description

In order to survive, human beings have certain basic needs to be fulfilled. Although each

individual has unique characteristics, human basic needs are identical. These basic needs

are categorized into several types. One of them is physiological needs (such as oxygen,

fluids, nutrition, elimination, etc.) as the most essential human needs.

Failure to fulfill basic human needs leads to unbalanced conditions thus particular

assistancesare required to achieve these needs. It emphasizesthe important role of nursein

the health care system in which one of the goals of nursing care is to help clients meet

their basic needs. The types of basic human needs within the scope of nursing care are

holistic, including biological, psychological, social, and spiritual needs.

B. Elements of Basic Human Needs

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory proposed by Abraham Maslow, suggesting five

levels of priority in human needs.

1. Physiological needs include oxygen and gases exchange, water, nutrition/food,

elimination, rest and sleep, activities.

2. Safety and security needs include physical security (from threats to the body and life

such as accidents, illnesses, environmental hazards) and psychological security (from

the threat of new or unfamiliar events or experiences that may affect one's mental

state).

3. Love and belonging needs include the need to give and receive love, affection and a

sense of belonging.

4. Self-esteem needs, namely the need to be respected and to have self-worth.

5. The needs for self-actualization include the need to contribute to other people or the

environment, and achieve one’s full potential.

C. Contributing factors in the fulfillment of basic human needs

Several factors that affect the level of fulfillment of basic needs in humans are as follows:

1. Illness

2. Meaningful relationships

3. Self-concept

4. Developmental stage

5. Family structure

In understanding the concept of basic human needs, there are several

practices/activities that are required, one of which is the introduction of medical

instrument/equipment.

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