functional neuroanatomy
DESCRIPTION
[email protected]. Functional neuroanatomy. Overview of brain anatomy & systems Localization/networks Scale in the nervous system Sensorimotor systems How our brains interact with the external world (loops) States ‘of mind’ (and body) Specific functional systems Memory & emotion - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Functional neuroanatomy
• Overview of brain anatomy & systems– Localization/networks– Scale in the nervous system– Sensorimotor systems
• How our brains interact with the external world (loops)– States ‘of mind’ (and body)
• Specific functional systems– Memory & emotion
• How our brains use previous experience to modify behavior
– Language; visual processing; mental imagery• How our brains integrate types of information to develop concepts;
how previous experience affects processing of new information
Localization of function in the nervous system: Maps and networks
Localization of function in the nervous system: Functional networks
5 major brain systems subserving
cognition and behaviorLeft perisylvian language networkParieto-frontal network for spatial attentionOccipitotemporal network for object/face recognitionMedial temporal/limbic network for learning & memoryPrefrontal network for attention & comportment
5 types of cortical tissue
Plasticity in heteromodal cortical regions: The basis for learning
Lesion studies of the language network:The major nodes
Broca’s (production) Wernicke’s (comprehension)
Lesion studies of the language network:Disconnection syndromes
Alexia without agraphia
Geschwind N & Kaplan E, Neurology, 1962
Functional neuroimaging of the language network
One to many, many to oneCJ Price, J Anat 2002
Language function: Using neuroimaging to test hypotheses
CJ Price, J Anat 2002
Language function in the bilingual brain
Kim KHS, Nature 1997
Recovery of language function after stroke: Mapping plasticity in the human brain
Fernandez B, Stroke 2004
1 year after stroke
1 month after stroke
Plasticity: Many levels of scale in both time & space
What’s in a name?A means to access specific types of
knowledge
What’s in a name?A means to access specific types of
knowledge
Elephant
Linguistic access to specific types of knowledge
Damasio H, Nature 1996
Visual processing: Two pathwaysDorsal (Occipito-parietal): Object & object feature recognition
Disorders:
visual object agnosia
prosopagnosia
achromatopsia
Ventral (Occipito-temporal): Visual recognition of spatial location
Disorders: optic ataxia, ocular apraxia, simultanagnosia (Balint’s); constructional apraxia, akinotopsia
Visual processing streams: Confirmation of hypotheses using neuroimaging
Ungerleider LG, PNAS 1998
Visual processing: Attention influences which stream is used
Ungerleider LG, PNAS 1998
Visual object recognition: Lesion studies
Agnosias may be specific to certain categories of information
Visual object recognition: Distinct but overlapping functional areas
Haxby JV, Science 2001
Visual imagery & neuroimaging
Ganis G, Cog Brain Res 2004
Auditory imagery & neuroimaging
Kosslyn SM, Nat Rev Nsci 2001
Visual imagery & neuroimaging
Kosslyn SM, Nat Rev Nsci 2001
Visual memory may influence perception: The v17 controversy in imagery
Kosslyn SM, Nat Rev Nsci 2001Correlation vs. causality
Naming vs. recognition: Networks for conceptual knowledge
Name this animal and tell me what you know about it
Naming vs. recognition: Networks for conceptual knowledge
Name this person and tell me what you know about him
Naming vs. recognition: Networks for conceptual knowledge
Damasio H, Cognition 2004
Object-specific naming deficits Object-specific recognition deficits
Heteromodal processing
The limbic system directs heteromodal cortex toward relevant information
LaBar KS, Behavioral Neuroscience 2001
Visual object recognition: Binding together perception, memory, emotion,
and motivation
Leibenluft E, Biol Psych 2004
Amygdala Insula
Cingulate Sup temp
What happens when a mother recognizes her child’s face?
What are we doing with our brains at this moment?
(The student’s brain)
• Feeling your chair• Squirming (moving)• Watching• Listening• Remembering• Paying attention• Sleeping• Feeling anxious• Feeling hungry• What happens when you ask a question?