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Functional independence in activities of daily living after discharge from the
Intensive Care Unit
Rannveig J. Jónasdóttir RN, CNS, PhD candidate
Health Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavík Landspitali The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik
Helga Jónsdóttir, PhD, RN, Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavík
Gísli H. Sigurðsson, PhD, MD, Professor, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík
Introduction
• Critical illness and ICU stay
• Physical health • Independence in activities of daily living
(bathing, dressing, etc.) • Structured, nurse-led follow-up
Aims
• Measure patients´ functional independence in activities of daily living (FIADL) from ICU discharge until six months after and compare it;
– with self-reported FIADL four weeks before ICU
admission – between patients that received structured ICU-
nurse-led follow-up versus those receiving usual care
Material
• Prospective, quasi-experimental study • Patients ≥18 years of age and stayed ≥72 hours
in ICU; two ICUs in two separate buildings • Intervention group
– Structured nurse-led follow-up after discharge from the ICU
• Control group – ususal care
Structured nurse-led follow-up • Ward stay
– Surveillance and support • First week after discharge from general ward to
home – Phone call
• 3 months – Appointment and ICU visit
• Usual care – Unstructured ward visits without further follow-up
Measures • Modified Barthel Index • 10 activities of daily living • Score 0 – 100
Modified'Barthel'Index'(MBI)'grooming'' bathing'feeding' toilet0use'
stair'climbing' dressing'bowel'control' bladder'control'
walking'/wheelchair' chair/bed'transfer'
Statistical analysis
• Categories – Independence: 100 points on MBI – Dependence: ≥99 points on MBI
• McNemar test: Before the ICU admission (pre) and 3 and 6 months after ICU discharge (post)
• Chi-square: Difference between groups
Results • Baseline characteristics
Interven4on'group'(n=69)'
Control'group'(n=75)'
Age,'yrs' 56.4''''(59.0'(19088))*' 68.9''''(70'(36083))'
APACHE'II'' 16.4'''''(15.5'(3040))' 20.2'''''(18.0'(7041))'
ICU'admission''–''surgical'–''non0surgical'
n'(%)'26'(38)'43'(62)'
n'(%)'46'(61)'29'(38)'
ICU'LOS,'days' 10.0'''''(7,0'(3046))' 12.0'''''(7.7'(3052))'
*measures presented as mean (median (range))
Results cont. • Comparing functional independence in activites of daily living
before ICU admission and at 3 and 6 months had not reached the level before ICU (McNemars´s test)
Intervention group Control group
Time periods'
N ' Independent (score 100) '
n (%)'
Dependent (score ≤99) '
n (%)'
p"'
N ' Independent (score 100) '
n (%)'
Dependent'(score ≤99)
n (%)'
p"'
Before ICU'
69' 61 (88)' 8 (12)' 75' 58 (77)' 17 (23)'
ICU discharge'
69' 0 (0)' 69 (100)' 75' 0 (0)' 75 (100)'
Ward discharge'
69' 12 (17)' 57 (83)' 74' 15 (20)' 59 (80)'
3 months ' 69' 49 (71)' 20 (29)' 0,008 70' 40 (57)' 30 (43)' 0,006
6 months ' 62' 41 (66)' 21 (34)' 0,007 60' 38 (63)' 22 (37)' 0,041
Results cont. • Comparison of functional independence in
activities of daily living between groups – Independent (score 100 on MBI) and dependent (score ≥99 on MBI)
• No difference between the groups – Before ICU (p=.12)
– Ward discharge (p=.82)
– 3 months (p=.13)
– 6 months (p=.90)
Limitations
• RCT • Groups different in baseline characteristics
(age, APACHE II) • Recall bias of self-reported functional ability in
daily living before ICU • Intervention
Conclusion
• Functional independence in activities of daily living: – is restricted up to six months after discharge – needs closer attention during recovery after critical
illness – should be emphasized within the ICU-nurse-led
follow-up
Thank you