FUNCTIONAL FIBRES AND TEXTILES

Aliasgar Mandsaurwala

60011115028

Types of fibres…

Natural fibres

Man-made fibres

Inorganic fibres

Functional fibres

Nano fibres

Biocomponent fibres

High Performance Fiber & High Functional Fiber

Ceramic fibres…

Used as refractory fibers in uses over 1000°C.

Used for thermal insulation at high temperatures and to make special composites.

Very expensive fibers because only a small quantity is produced.

Melamine…

Fiberforming substance is a synthetic polymer composed of at least 50% by weight of a cross-linked melamine polymer.

Known for its inherent thermal resistance and outstanding heat blocking capability in direct flame applications.

It is used to designed for direct flame contact and elevated temperature exposures.

Super absorbent fibre…

Their outstanding properties in a wide range of medical products have been recognized. The product is marketed as “OASIS”.

Small diameter of the fibers, which is about 30 microns, gives a very high surface area for contact with the liquid.

Used in medical product.

Bicomponent fibre…

This fiber is a type of island in-the-sea.

This type of fiber should be ideal for filtration applications both in woven and nonwoven construction

Spectra Fiber 1000: - High-strength, Lightweight Polyethylene Fiber..

10 times stronger than steel, that is 40 percent greater than aramid fiber.

It is used in Police and military ballistic vests and helmets, armor for vehicles and aircraft, Marine lines.

Super Polyethylene Fiber

Very high tenacity, high modulus polyethylene fiber even higher than Kevlar

The method involves both spinning and drawing in which is a dilute solutions of high molecular weight is extruded into water to form a gel like soft fiber.

Which is then heated and drawn out about 30 times in original length.

Micro fibre…

Finer than any conventional fiber First used in functional sportswear.

Usually made of polyester, polyamide or acrylic – with liters in the range of 0.5 to 1.2 dtex (1dtex, meaning that one gram of fiber is 10,000 meters long).

Clothing is not sensitive retaining its positive qualities after washing our cleaning.

Perfumed Fibers…

Made up of fibers to which resin – made microcapsules of 5-10m in diameter containing perfume essence are bound when the microcapsules are pressed and broken, the perfume is released.

The Esprit de fibers can be used in scarves, T- shirts, handkerchiefs, hand knitting wools, stocking etc.

Bio-degradable fibers

Alginate fibres…

Used in the food industry, pharmaceuticals and textiles.

Alginate name come from “align”.

The unique properties of alginate and its derivatives have found applications where thickening, suspending, emulsifying, and stabilizing and gel formation is required.

Bacterial Cellulose

The bacterial strain produces a gel like material containing fine cellulose fiber, which is too thin.

It is used as an artificial blood vessel for microsurgery. Also used to make artificial leather, skin substitute and wound healing bandages.

Bacterial Polyester

Examples: Alcaligences species Bacterial polyesters poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs), with poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB).

Advantages include production from fully renewable resources rather fast and complete biodegradability, biocompatibility, and excellent strength and stiffness, which favor this material as a polymer of the future, bacillus species, photosynthetic bacteria and blue green algae.

Poly (hydroxybutyrate) fibers were considered to be mainly used for production of scaffolds, surgical sutures, repair the bone fracture and etc

Chitosan Fibers

Chitosan is a natural biopolymer that is derived from chitin.

Properties are useful for wound treatment and it also used as excellent material for healing wounds.

Spider Silk

Spider silk is up to 5 times stronger than steel of the same diameter.

Spider silk is so elastic that it doesn't break even if stretched 2-4 times its length. Spider silk is also waterproof, and doesn't break at temperatures as low as -40C.

Nanofibres

Electrospinning…

Product is a nonwoven fiber mat that is composed of tiny fibres with diameters between 50 nanometres and 10 microns.

Potential uses for electro-spun fibres are in filtration, wound dressings, tissue engineering, nanocomposites, drug delivery devices and sensors.

Carbon nanotube ‘nanofibres’…

Some of the possible applications for the new yarns include:

Structural composites that are strong, tough and able to reduce mechanical vibrations.

Protective clothing that provides antiballistic and static-discharge protection, as well as radio and microwave frequency absorption.

Supercapacitors, batteries and fuel cells in the form of yarn structures that are weaveable into textiles for storing or generating electrical energy.

Chemically or electrically powered artificial muscles for prosthetics and robots, morphing air vehicles and minimally invasive catheters with enhanced functionality for medical applications.

Electrical wiring and distributed sensors for electronic textiles.

Heat pipes that provide both structural reinforcement and heat dissipation.

High intensity source of field-emitted electrons for intense fluorescent lights and displays, as well as X-ray sources small enough to fit in a medical catheter.

Filaments for incandescent light sources with decreased susceptibility to mechanical damage because of yarn toughness and mechanical damping ability.

Nylon nanofibers…

Diameter of 60 microns. It is a bundle of more than 1.4 million fibres, each just dozens of nanometers in diameter.

Water seeps through the spaces between these fibers, which is what makes the material so absorbent.

Strong and supple and easy to process as regular nylon, but with two to three times the ability to absorb moisture.

Nanocomposite fibres…

polymer nanocomposites with as little as 2 vol% addition exhibit large increases in tensile strength (>40%), tensile modulus (>70%), flexural strength (>60%), flexural modulus (>125%) and heat distortion temperature (from 65° to 150°C) without any significant loss of impact resistance (≤10%).

They also lower water sensitivity, permeability to gases and thermal co-efficient of expansion values.

By contrast, conventional polymer composites show poor ductility and mouldability with degradation and inferior surface smoothness and are difficult to process as films or fibres.

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