function: provides shape and support allows movement protects tissues and organs stores certain...
TRANSCRIPT
Function: Provides shape and support Allows movement Protects tissues and organs Stores certain minerals Produces blood cells
The Skeletal System
Bones- A solid network of living cells and protein fibers that are surrounded by deposits of calcium.
Structures of a bone: Periosteum- The tough layer outer layer of the bone. Compact Bone- contains Haversian canals that contain blood vessels
and nerves Spongy Bone- found in the ends of bones and produces RBC. Yellow bone Marrow- made of fat cells. Red Marrow- Produces RBC, WBC, and platelets.
The Skeletal System
The Skeletal System
Cartilage- Strong, connective tissue that supports the body. Softer and more flexible than bone
*There are approximately 206 bones in the human body.*
Cartilage is gradually replaced by bone during a process called ossification.
Osteoblasts secrete mineral deposits that replace cartilage in developing bones.
Osteocytes help maintain the minerals in bone tissue and continue to strengthen the growing bone.
The Skeletal System
Ligaments- Hold bone to bone. Example: Hold bones together in knee;
ACL.
Tendons- Hold muscle to the bones. Example: Achilles tendon attaches
to the calf.
The Skeletal System
Joint- is any place where two bones come together.
-Types of Joints:
① Movable- prevent movement in one or more directions. Examples: pivot joint (radius and ulna); ball and socket (arm into shoulder)
② Semi-movable- allow a little bit of restricted movement. Example: Vertebrae.
③ Immovable- allow no movement at all. Example: Skull
The Skeletal System
The Skeletal SystemSkeletal Disorders:
Arthritis: Inflammation of joints
Osteoporosis: loss of calcium in bones leading to weakening of bones
32.3 The Integumentary System: Hair, Skin, and Nails
Function: • Communication of pain, pressure, temperatureProtection of body: • Prevents dehydration• Regulates body temperature • Barrier for disease/infection • Covers and holds in organs• Removes waste products• Barrier for sun’s UV rays
Epidermis: Outermost layer
-Two layers:-Inner layer: living cells
-Outer layer: dead cells
-Contains:
-Keratin- waterproofing
-Melanocytes- produces pigment
The Integumentary System
The Integumentary System
• Dermis: middle layerContains:
-Hair follicles/roots-Sweat glands-Sebaceous (oil) glands-Arrector pili muscle-Nerves-Blood Vessels
The Integumentary System
• Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer): Innermost layerContains:
• Adipose (fat) cells: cushion, insulation, anchors skin.• Blood vessels: temp. regulation,
nutrients, etc.• Nerves: temp., pressure, pain
The Integumentary System • Hair- made of dead epidermal cells.
• Function: protect skin from UV rays (on head); provide insulation from cold; hairs in nose, ears, eyelashes prevent dirt and other particles from entering body.
• Nails- Sheets of keratinized cells• Function: protects tips of fingers/toes