fulfilling potential? esa and the fate of the work-related activity group

8/12/2019 Fulfilling Potential? ESA and the fate of the Work-Related Activity Group

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Gotehrdmh Eobh

HWO omk teh foth cf teh\crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup

FubfdbbdmlYcthmtdob3

Wuppcrthk ayfcr ahtthr hmtob ehobte


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HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup1

Gcmthmts

HUHGX[DVH WX@@OQT .............................................................................................. 8

DM[QCKXG[DCM ........................................................................................................ 4

?. \ec cur rhshorge bccnhk ot ................................................................................ ?1

1. \eot shrvdghs whrh cffhrhk tc prhporh fcr wcrn3 ............................................. ?6

7. \hrh shrvdghs phrscmobdshk tc dmkdvdkuobs mhhks3 ............................................ 19

;. \eot gcmkdtdcms kdk rhspcmkhmts eovh tc `hht omkwhrh tehy fodr omk prcpcrtdcmoth3 ...................................................................... 17

8. Womgtdcms cphrotdcms omk tehdr d`pogt cm teh \QOL ........................................ 1 ctehrs ùst hmlolh wdte Jcaghmtrh Ybus (JGY), port cf teh K\Y.

Acte orh òdmstrho` aogn-tc-wcrn prclro``hs, shrvdml jcashhnhrs frc` obb ahmhfdt typhs.Cur rhshorge hvobuothk acte sgeh`hs tc umgcvhr teh gc``cmobdtdhs omk omy sdlmdfdgomtkdffhrhmghs ahtwhhm teh`.

[eds rhpcrt hxo`dmhs teh jcurmhy cf `crh teom 899 phcpbh pboghk dm teh \QOL. Frc`tehdr dmdtdob fhhbdmls omk hxphgtotdcms oacut wcrn omk teh \QOL, wh hxpbcrh tehdrhmgcumthr wdte h`pbcy`hmt okvdshrs, teh ogtdvdtdhs omk dmthrvhmtdcms tehy whrh cffhrhkomk tecsh tehy whrh gc`phbbhk tc umkhrtonh, teh prcghkurhs omk d`pogt cf gc`pubsdcm,tercule tc tehdr rhfbhgtdcms ot td`h cf rhshorge dm rhbotdcm tc wcrn omk wdkhr psygec-scgdobfogtcrs, fcbbcwdml tehdr hmlolh`hmt wdte teh \crn Yrclro``h cr JGY.

[ercule teh dmtrckugtdcm cf HWO, dt wos ecphk teot twc strothldhs dm portdgubor wcubkd`prcvh h`pbcy`hmt roths o`cml kdsoabhk phcpbh. Cmh wos `crh dmthmsdvh omk

phrscmobdshk suppcrt, sphgdfdgobby tercule teh òrnhtdsotdcm cf h`pbcy`hmt suppcrtshrvdghs. [eh ctehr wos ogtdvotdcm teh dmtrckugtdcm cf cabdlotdcms, cr gcmkdtdcmobdty, tchmlolh dm wcrn prhporotdcm hmfcrghk ay fdmomgdob somgtdcms. Dm secrt, `crh rdlets dm rhturmfcr crh rhspcmsdadbdtdhs.7

Cur survhy rhsubts sullhst teot, gcmtrory tc prc`dshs, teh hxphrdhmgh cf portdgdpotdcm dmteh \QOL ds mhdtehr phrscmobdshk mcr suppcrtdvh, rhlorkbhss cf wehtehr dt ds khbdvhrhkay prdvoth gcmtrogtcrs podk ay rhsubts, cr ay teh Lcvhrm`hmt vdo JGY. @crhcvhr, fdmkdmlssullhst teot, for frc` ogtdvotdml ospdrotdcms;, teh rhld`h cf gcmkdtdcmobdty omk somgtdcmseos bhft portdgdpomts dm teh \QOL fhorfub, kh`crobdshk, omk furtehr owoy frc` ogedhvdmltehdr wcrn-rhbothk lcobs cr portdgdpotdml dm scgdhty teom wehm tehy storthk.

Yrhvdcus hvobuotdcms cf teh \crn Yrclro``h eovh thmkhk tc abo`h dts fodburh cm tehprogtdgh cf grho`dml omk porndml ay prdvoth prcvdkhrs (d.h. suppcrtdml cmby teh `cst

jca-rhoky gbdhmts omk oaomkcmdml tecsh wdte teh `cst gc`pbhx aorrdhrs).8Ecwhvhr, tehfodburh tc `cvh HWO gbodòmts dmtc wcrn ds `crh teom o fodburh cf teh òrnht tc dmvhst dmhffhgtdvh suppcrt. [eh rhsubts cf teds survhy pcdmt tc systh`dg fodbdmls dm teh HWO prcghssdtshbf, wdte o strugturob kdsgcmmhgt ahtwhhm teh osshss`hmt cf aorrdhrs tc wcrn omk tehsuppcrt rhqudrhk tc cvhrgc`h teh`. [ehy obsc rhvhob `dstonhm ossu`ptdcms ot teh ehortcf HWO pcbdgy oacut teh moturh cf teh aorrdhrs foghk ay phcpbh dm teh \QOL omk teh ndmkscf dmthrvhmtdcm rhqudrhk tc prhporh teh` fcr wcrn.

\ehm HWO wos dmtrckughk, o whobte cf hvdkhmgh hxdsthk oacut teh `cst hffhgtdvhstrothldhs fcr dmgrhosdml h`pbcy`hmt cppcrtumdtdhs fcr kdsoabhk phcpbh.6Ecwhvhr, currhshorge fcumk teot tehsh hvdkhmgh-aoshk dmthrvhmtdcms orh mct ahdml khpbcyhk dm wcrn

prhporotdcm sgeh`hs fcr teh \QOL. Dmsthok, ogtdvotdcm prclro``hs fcr teh \QOLopphor tc ah umkhrpdmmhk ay teh gubturh cf khphmkhmgy tehcry, wedge prhsu`hs teotteh rhghdpt cf ahmhfdts dtshbf grhoths teh òdm aorrdhr tc wcrn fcr phcpbh cm HWO, omkteot gcrrhgtdvh `hosurhs orh mhhkhk tc rhstcrh wcrn dmghmtdvhs omk dmstdb phrscmobrhspcmsdadbdty. \h fcumk mc hvdkhmgh tc suppcrt tehsh ossu`ptdcms, wedge shh` tc ah scghmtrob tc sugghssdvh lcvhrm`hmts pcbdgdhs orcumk kdsoadbdty, ahmhfdts omk wcrn.


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Kdsoadbdty omk Ycvhrty [osn

Fcrgh, Oprdb 19?;. Arhondml

teh Bdmn ahtwhhm Kdsoadbdty

omk Ycvhrty: Qhpcrt tc teh

Boacur Yorty.

[eds rhvdhw fcumk teot teh òdm strothly fcr `cvdml phcpbh dm teh \QOL gbcshrtc wcrn ds o rhld`h cf gcmkdtdcmobdty omk somgtdcms, mct òtgehk ay opprcprdothsuppcrt omk cppcrtumdtdhs. @crhcvhr, teh òmkotcry ogtdvdtdhs wdtedm teds rhld`h orh

cfthm dmogghssdabh tc kdsoabhk phcpbh, omk dt opphors teot rhoscmoabh okjust`hmts orhrorhby ahdml òkh tc hmoabh portdgdpotdcm. Gcmshquhmtby, teh oppbdgotdcm cf gcmkdtdcmobdtyomk somgtdcms ds frhquhmtby dmopprcprdoth omk umjust. \h fcumk cvhrwehb`dml hvdkhmghcf teh kdstrhss teds goushs.

Dt shh`s edleby prcaoaby teot teh fhor omk kdstrhss goushk ay om hxghssdvh fcguscm gcmkdtdcmobdty, omk teh osscgdothk terhot cf somgtdcms, ds bdmnhk tc teh borlh sgobhkhthrdcrotdcm dm ehobte, whbbahdml omk gcmfdkhmgh rhpcrthk ay rhspcmkhmts. Wurvhy rhsubtssullhsthk teot teh cvhrobb d`pogt cf portdgdpotdcm dm teh \QOL ds tc `cvh phcpbh furtehrowoy frc` wcrn, dmsthok cf gbcshr tc dt.

Kdsoabhk phcpbh pboghk dm teh \QOL orh gc`phbbhk tc prhporh fcr wcrn ahgoush tehyorh khh`hk gopoabh cf wcrn-rhbothk ogtdvdty. Ecwhvhr, o strcml teh`h h`hrldml frc`survhy rhspcmshs wos teh borlh lop ahtwhhm teh gopogdty fcr wcrn-rhbothk ogtdvdty omkteh gopogdty tc shgurh omk sustodm h`pbcy`hmt dm o gc`phtdtdvh boacur òrnht. [eds lop dsmct goushk ay o gubturh cf khphmkhmgy omk wcmt ah morrcwhk ay gc`pubsdcm tc hmlolhwdte teh boacur òrnht. [eh lhmhrdg wcrn prhporotdcm ogtdvdtdhs d`pcshk cm rhspcmkhmts,suge os GV wrdtdml, opphors cf bdttbh ahmhfdt wedbh tehdr bd`dthk gopoadbdty fcr wcrn, rhsubtdmlfrc` tehdr kdsoadbdty cr dbbmhss, rhòdms umokkrhsshk.

Cmby strhmltehmhk kdsoadbdty h`pbcy`hmt pcbdgdhs gom morrcw teh lop ahtwhhm pcthmtdobomk podk wcrn. [eh Lcvhrm`hmt eos gc``dtthk dtshbf tc gcmtdmuhk dmvhst`hmt dm sphgdobdstkdsoadbdty h`pbcy`hmt suppcrt ahycmk 19?8 wehm hxdstdml gcmtrogts hmk.


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HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup wh womt tc bccn ot ycur pcthmtdob tcwcrn mct just ycur bd`dtotdcms. Fcr tcc bcml phcpbh whrh bhft wdte mc suppcrt sdttdml ot

ec`h cm ahmhfdts. Dt ds gbhor teot teh òjcrdty cf mhw gbodòmts tc sdgnmhss ahmhfdts orh dmfogt oabh tc kc sc`h wcrn.?;

Fdvh yhors cm, HWO os o pcbdgy eos mct ogedhvhk dts dmthmtdcm cf `cvdml sdlmdfdgomtmuàhrs cf kdsoabhk phcpbh rhghdvdml cut-cf-wcrn kdsoadbdty ahmhfdts dmtc podk h`pbcy`hmt.Jca cutgc`hs fcr HWO \QOL gbodòmts cm teh òdm aogn-tc-wcrn sgeh`h, teh \crnYrclro``h, orh fobbdml sdlmdfdgomtby ahbcw hxphgtotdcms, ot 6 phr ghmt fcr mhw HWO gbod`s,olodmst teh K\Ys `dmdù` phrfcròmgh torlht cf ?6.8 phr ghmt. Cvhrobb, wehm obb \QOLgbodòmts (d.h. dmgbukdml tecsh wec eovh `cvhk cff DA) orh dmgbukhk, teh jca cutgc`hs`hosurh fobbs tc 8 phr ghmt. [eh HWO pcbdgy wos portdguborby torlhthk ot phcpbh wec eokahhm rhghdvdml DA fcr o muàhr cf yhors. Tht teh jca cutgc`hs fcr teds bcmlhr-thr` lrcup,wec whrh tromsfhrrhk cmtc HWO frc` teh prhvdcus Dmgopogdty Ahmhfdt rhld`h, stomk ot osecgndml ?.5 phr ghmt.?8

[eds rhshorge shhns tc umgcvhr teh rhoscms fcr teds fodburh.

Cutbdmh cf rhshorge olhmko

[eh rhfcr`s ahedmk HWO dmvcnhk o twdm strothly cf hmeomghk suppcrtomk dmgrhoshkgc`pubsdcmtc hmlolh dm wcrn prhporotdcm.?6[eds rhshorge hvobuoths portdgdpomtshxphrdhmgh cf acte osphgts cf wcrn-rhbothk ogtdvdty. [eh moturh omk quobdty cf suppcrtcffhrhk tc HWO gbodòmts ds hxo`dmhk, portdguborby wdtedm teh fro`hwcrn cf phrscmobdsotdcm.Ecw hffhgtdvh ds teh prcghss, sc ghmtrob tc rhfcr`, cf dkhmtdfydml phcpbhs mhhks omkgopoadbdtdhs omk `cadbdsdml teh suppcrt rhqudrhk tc fubfdb tehsh gopoadbdtdhs3 Ot teh so`htd`h, teh d`pogt cf gcmkdtdcmobdty cm gbodòmts osshsshk os mct Fdt fcr \crn ds hxo`dmhk.Eos teh hsgobotdcm cf cabdlotdcms cm kdsoabhk phcpbh tc prhporh fcr wcrn shrvhk dts stothk

purpcsh cf dmstdbbdml phrscmob rhspcmsdadbdty, teus rhgcmmhgtdml teh` wdte gubturh cf wcrn3

Aut fdrstby, teh rhshorge tonhs o sthp aogn tc quhstdcm sc`h cf teh ossu`ptdcms ahedmkteds twdm strothly. Kc teh georogthrdstdgs cf HWO portdgdpomts sullhst teot bogn cf phrscmobrhspcmsdadbdty ds teh òdm fogtcr dmedadtdml tehdr rhturm tc wcrn3 Ecw kc gbodòmtsteh`shbvhs vdhw tehdr castogbhs tc h`pbcy`hmt omk, dmkhhk, weot ds tehdr ottdtukh tc

?1. Khnnhrs-Womgehz, 19??.

?7. Ecustcm, K omk Bdmksoy,

G, 19?9. Fdt fcr wcrn3 Ehobte,

h`pbcyoadbdty omk geobbhmlhs

fcr teh XN.Ycbdgy Wtukdhs, 7?:

1, ?77-?;1.

?;. Gerds Lroybdml, 1; Oprdb

19?1. ettps://www.lcv.un/

lcvhrm`hmt/mhws/bothst-hso-

osshss`hmt-fdlurhs-secw-

òjcrdty-fdt-tc-wcrn

?8. Wtotdstdgs orh fcr guùbotdvh

jca cutgc`hs fcr Mhw HWO

omk HWO/hx-DA frc` Juby

19?? tc Khghàhr 19?7hxprhsshk os o phrghmtolh cf

ottoge`hmts.

?6. K\Y, 1995o. Mc cmh wrdtthm

cff: rhfcr`dml whbforh tc

rhwork rhspcmsdadbdty.Mcrwdge:

[eh Wtotdcmhry Cffdgh.


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HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup?9

?


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HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup ??

Khspdth teds òdmstrho`dml cf aogn-tc-wcrn prclro``hs fcr HWO gbodòmts, tehrh stdbbhxdsts o sphgdobdst kdsoadbdty h`pbcy`hmt prclro``h dm teh XN. [eh K\Ys \crn Gecdghprclro``h cphroths dm porobbhb tc teh \crn Yrclro``h omk ds od`hk sphgdfdgobby ot

kdsoabhk phcpbh wec `cst mhhk sphgdobdst suppcrt.19Dt eos vcbumtory portdgdpotdcm, omko ùge edlehr sugghss roth teom teh \crn Yrclro``h ot ;? phr ghmt. Ecwhvhr, tehrhds mc fcròb osshss`hmt cf wcrn-rhbothk kdsoadbdty tc khthr`dmh ogghss tc \crn Gecdgh,omk dm Mcvhàhr 19?7 cmby ?6 phr ghmt cf rhfhrrobs tc \crn Gecdgh eok ahhm osshsshkos eovdml Bd`dthk Gopoadbdty tc \crn tercule teh \GO cr dts prhkhghsscr, teh YhrscmobGopoadbdty Osshss`hmt,1?sullhstdml teot teh pcbdgy dmthmtdcm cf rhstrdgtdml ogghss tc \crnGecdgh tc teh `cst shvhrhby kdsoabhk ds mct acrmh cut dm progtdgh. 11[eh hxphrdhmgh cf\crn Gecdgh gbdhmts wos mct wdtedm teh sgcph cf teds survhy, aut teh rhbotdcmsedp ahtwhhm\crn Yrclro``h, \crn Gecdgh omk JGY ds kdsgusshk os port cf o wdkhr hvobuotdcm cf tehod`s omk fodburhs cf HWO dm lhttdml kdsoabhk phcpbh dmtc wcrn.

\crn Yrclro``h, \crn Gecdgh omk JGY rhprhshmt kdsoadbdty h`pbcy`hmt pcbdgdhs teot

okkrhss teh suppbycf boacur, d.h. teh h`pbcyoadbdty cf kdsoabhk phcpbh, ay torlhtdml tehdrdmkdvdkuob georogthrdstdgs. [ehy ùst ah shhm dm teh gcmthxt cf pcbdgdhs tc dmgrhosh tehkhòmkfcr kdsoabhk phcpbh dm teh boacur òrnht, suge os teh Kdsoadbdty Kdsgrd`dmotdcm Ogtscf ?448 omk 1998 (rhpboghk dm 19?9 ay teh Hquobdty Ogt), omk ehbp h`pbcyhrs `hht omy hxtrogcst cf h`pbcydml o kdsoabhk phrscm, suge os Ogghss tc \crn, dmtrckughk dm ?44;.

\crn Yrclro``h omk \crn Gecdgh orh gc``dssdcmhk motdcmobby. Ot teh bcgob bhvhb tehrhds o vordhk bomksgoph cf h`pbcy`hmt suppcrt prcvdsdcm fcr kdsoabhk phcpbh, typdgobbygc``dssdcmhk ay teh MEW cr bcgob outecrdtdhs, cr khbdvhrhk ay teh vcbumtory shgtcr.Obtecule o bogn cf systhòtdg hvobuotdcm cf tehsh sgeh`hs ònhs tehdr gc`pordscmkdffdgubt, tehy orh cfthm vhry dmmcvotdvh omk hffhgtdvh ot ardkldml teh suppby omk khòmkopprcogehs ay hmloldml wdte bcgob h`pbcyhrs dm jca grhotdcm. 17[ehy obsc thmk mct tc rhbycm o `ckhb cf gcmkdtdcmobdty omk somgtdcms, os portdgdpotdcm ds vcbumtory.

[eh mhhk fcr teds rhshorge

[eus for, just cmh cf teh K\Ys hvobuotdcms cf \crn Yrclro``h khbdvhry eos dmgbukhk oquobdtotdvh stuky cf teh hxphrdhmgh cf 49 portdgdpomts,1;aut dt kdk mct fcgus sphgdfdgobby cmHWO poy`hmt lrcups, wedge gc`prdsh just 4 phr ghmt cf teh tctob goshbcok. [eh \crn omkYhmsdcms Gc``dtthh hmqudry dmtc wehtehr teh \crn Yrclro``h gom wcrn fcr obb poy`hmtlrcups rhghdvhk vhry fhw sua`dssdcms frc` portdgdpomts. Dt gcmgbukhk teot tehrh opphorstc ah dmsuffdgdhmt rhspcmsdadbdty fcr \crn Yrclro``h portdgdpomts sotdsfogtdcm wdte tehsuppcrt tehy rhghdvh.18

Mc koto orh rhokdby ovodboabh frc` teh K\Y cm h`pbcy`hmt cutgc`hs fcr HWO gbodòmts

wec orh mct ottogehk tc teh \crn Yrclro``h.

Hxdstdml hvobuotdcms cf teh \crn Yrclro``h eovh dkhmtdfdhk teh progtdgh cf prcvdkhrsgrho`dml teh cst jca-rhoky gbdhmts omk fcgusdml tehdr otthmtdcm omk rhscurghs cm tedslrcup, wedbh porndml teh eorkhst tc ehbp omk cmby prcvdkdml teh dmdù` bhvhb cf suppcrtrhqudrhk ay tehdr gcmtrogt.16[eds oy hxpbodm wey kdsoabhk phcpbh dm teh \QOL orh mctrhghdvdml teh suppcrt tehy mhhk tc ogedhvh hvhm teh ckhst hxphgtotdcms fcr h`pbcy`hmtcutgc`hs cf ?6 phr ghmt cm teh \crn Yrclro``h fcr mhw hmtromts tc HWO. 1 \crn omk

Yhmsdcms Gc``dtthh, 19?7>

Mhwtcm ht ob, 19?1.

1


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@hteckcbcly

[eh survhy cm wedge teds rhpcrt ds aoshk rom cmbdmh frc` Cgtcahr 19?7 tc Jomuory 19?;.Dt wos kdssh`dmothk ay @dmk, teh Ghmtrh fcr \hbforh Qhfcr`, omk ctehr rhprhshmtotdvhcrlomdsotdcms opprcogehk vdo teh Kdsoadbdty Ahmhfdts Gcmscrtdu`, os whbb os tercule scgdob`hkdo mhtwcrns cf kdsoabhk phcpbh. [eh gobb fcr rhspcmkhmts osnhk fcr obb HWO gbod`omtshxphrdhmgh cf aogn-tc-wcrn suppcrt, rotehr teom gobbdml fcr mhlotdvh hxphrdhmghs.Obtecule teds stdbb rhprhshmts o shbf-shbhgtdml so`pbh, wh ahbdhvh teh sdzh cf teds so`pbhomk dts georogthrdstdgs (os kdsgusshk dm Whgtdcm ?) sullhst dt ds arcokby rhprhshmtotdvh omk,ot teh vhry bhost, kh`cmstroths teh hxphrdhmgh cf o sdlmdfdgomt prcpcrtdcm cf gbod`omts.

[eh quhstdcmmodrh wos gc`pcshk odmby cf gbcshk quhstdcms wdte o gecdgh cf omswhrs. Ecwhvhr,sdlmdfdgomt dmsdlets whrh obsc lodmhk frc` teh fhw cphm-hmkhk quhstdcms teot hbdgdthk o edlerhspcmsh. Obb quctotdcms dm teds rhpcrt orh krowm frc` cphm-hmkhk rhspcmshs tc teh survhy.

[eh dmdtdob quhstdcms khthr`dmhk hbdldadbdty ay fdbthrdml cut rhspcmkhmts wec whrh mct dmrhghdpt cf HWO, cr wec whrh mct dm teh \QOL, cr wec eok mct eok o `hhtdml wdte hdtehrJGY cr o \crn Yrclro``h prcvdkhr tc kdsguss wcrn prhporotdcm.

Qhspcmkhmts whrh mct rhqudrhk tc omswhr obb quhstdcms> tehrhfcrh teh so`pbh sdzh vordhk wdtehoge quhstdcm. [eh edlehst so`pbh sdzh fcr o quhstdcm wos 864 omk teh bcwhst wos 776, wdteteh ovhrolh so`pbh sdzh fcr obb quhstdcms ahdml ;


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HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup ?7

[ecsh cm teh \crn Yrclro``h whrh sprhok ogrcss o arcok romlh cf prcvdkhrs. Ahgoush cf

teds arcok sprhok, teh mu`ahrs hmlolhk wdte hoge prcvdkhr whrh tcc bcw tc hmoabh stotdstdgobby

sdlmdfdgomt gc`pordscms ahtwhhm teh` dm thr`s cf shrvdghs cffhrhk omk gbdhmt hxphrdhmghs.

Qhspcmkhmts rhpcrthk o romlh cf ehobte gcmkdtdcms, wdte om ovhrolh cf 1.6 gcmkdtdcms hoge.[eh `cst gc``cm gcmkdtdcms rhpcrthk whrh:

@hmtob ehobte prcabh`s (6? phr ghmt)

Orterdtds (15.; phr ghmt)

Ctehr `usgubcsnhbhtob gcmkdtdcm (?


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HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup?;

Mct

rhbhvomt

[c sc`h

hxthmt

O `odm

fogtcr

@y kdsoadbdty cr ehobte gcmkdtdcm ?% 6% 49%

Yorhmtdml rhspcmsdadbdtdhs 84%


15/46


Ottdtukhs tc wcrn omk teh rhqudrh`hmt tc prhporh fcr wcrn.

\h sculet tc gopturh ecw phcpbh fhbt oacut wcrndml omk oacut ahdml pboghk dm teh \QOL wehrh

tehy wcubk ah gc`phbbhk tc umkhrtonh wcrn rhbothk ogtdvdty os o gcmkdtdcm cf rhghdvdml HWO.

\edge cf tehsh stoth`hmts khsgrdahs ycur fhhbdmls oacut teh \crn Yrclro``h cr JGYwehm ycu fdrst storthk3

D ecphk teh \Y/JGY wcubk ehbp `h fdmk wcrn

[ehsh rhspcmshs secw o vhry `dxhk pdgturh cf ecph omk omxdhty dm rhbotdcm tc wcrn omk@omkotcry \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty (@\QO). [ehrh wos o òrnhk rhbugtomgh tc hmloldmldm @\QO. Ecwhvhr, ahgoush gc``dt`hmt tc wcrn wos edle, teh rhbotdvh bogncf cptd`ds` oacut @\QO ds mct bdnhby tc ah kuh tc pccr wcrn htedg. Obtecule teh òjcrdtycf rhspcmkhmts secwhk o pcsdtdvh ottdtukh tcworks wcrn, o vhry borlh òjcrdty kdk mctfhhb rhoky tc hmlolh dm wcrn prhporotdcm omk fhbt omxdcus oacut ahdml gc`phbbhk tcprhporh fcr wcrn.

Kdsgussdcm

Obtecule shbf-shbhgtdml, rhspcmkhmts tc teds survhy whrh arcokby rhprhshmtotdvh cf teh\QOL goshbcok dm thr`s cf teh kdstrdautdcm cf gcmkdtdcm typhs, tehdr lhclropedgob sprhokomk bhmlte cf td`h tehy eok ahhm hmlolhk wdte teh \crn Yrclro``h cr JGY.

Oggcrkdml tc o gubturh cf khphmkhmgy `ckhb,79bcml-thr` rhghdpt cf sdgnmhss/dmgopogdtyahmhfdts gom grhoth kdsdmghmtdvhs tc wcrndml teot ahgc`h `crh sdlmdfdgomt aorrdhrs tcwcrn teom omy crdldmob ehobte gcmkdtdcm. Aut survhy rhsubts fcumk mc hvdkhmgh cf o bogn cf`ctdvotdcm cr gc``dt`hmt tc wcrn o`cml teh \QOL. [wc òdm ottdtukhs tc wcrn h`hrlh:teh khsdrh tc wcrn, `dxhk wdte omxdhty oacut teh gc`pubsdcm tc prhporh fcr wcrn.

Mdmh cut cf thm rhspcmkhmts sodk tehdr ehobte gcmkdtdcm cr kdsoadbdty wos o òdm aorrdhr tcwcrn. Dt gcubk ah sullhsthk teot teds dmkdgoths o `dspboghk phrghptdcm cf teh d`pogt cf o

ehobte gcmkdtdcm cr d`podr`hmt, omk pcdmts tc teh hxdsthmgh cf o `yte teot kdsoabhk phcpbhgomt wcrn.7?Ecwhvhr, dt ds `crh bdnhby teot teds shbf-osshss`hmt sd`pby gcmgurs wdte teh

juklh`hmt ot teh \GO teot phcpbh pboghk dm teh \QOL orh mct Fdt fcr \crn. [eh \GOwos purpcshby khsdlmhk tc rhfcr` teh lothwoy omk sdlmdfdgomtby rhkugh teh muàhrs cfphcpbh gbod`dml dmgopogdty ahmhfdts.71[eh K\Y prhkdgthk teh \GO wcubk rhkugh teh fobshpcsdtdvh cutgc`hs autdmgrhosh teh fobsh mhlotdvh cutgc`hs.77Dmkhhk, opprcxdòthby ;7

79. Ghmtrh fcr Wcgdob Justdgh,

1996. Arhonkcwm Ardtodm.

Bcmkcm: Ghmtrh fcr Wcgdob

Justdgh.

7?. Wtombhy, N omk Qhlom, W,

1997. [eh @dssdml @dbbdcm:

suppcrtdml kdsoabhk phcpbh

dmtc wcrn.Dmstdtuth fcr Yuabdg

Ycbdgy Qhshorge (DYYQ),

Bcmkcm> K\Y, 1995.

71. K\Y, 1996. O Mhw Khob

fcr \hbforh: h`pcwhrdml

phcpbh tc wcrn.

77. Ehmkhrscm, @, 199


16/46


phr ghmt cf opphobs olodmst Fdt tc \crn khgdsdcms orh upehbk. Qhspcmkhmts osshss`hmt cfteh d`pogt cf teh ehobte gcmkdtdcm cr d`podr`hmt cm tehdr oadbdty tc wcrn shh`s, tehrhfcrh,bdnhby tc ah ogguroth.

[eh cmby ctehr sdlmdfdgomt aorrdhr tc wcrn dkhmtdfdhk dm teh survhy wos omxdhty oacutrhturmdml tc wcrn ofthr o prcbcmlhk oashmgh. Ecwhvhr, bcss cf gcmfdkhmgh oacut wcrndmlds mct teh so`h os bcss cf `ctdvotdcm, omk tehsh twc eovh ahhm gcmfbothk dm prhvdcusrhshorge.7;Grdtdgobby, teh suppcrt rhqudrhk tc cvhrgc`h o bogn cf `ctdvotdcm wdbb mct ah tehso`h os teot rhqudrhk tc cvhrgc`h o bogn cf gcmfdkhmgh. \crry oacut ecw teh tromsdtdcmtc wcrn `dlet offhgt fdmomghs wos cmby sdlmdfdgomt os o shgcmkory fogtcr, omk cmby fcroacut terhh dm thm rhspcmkhmts. Omctehr shgcmkory fogtcr fcr terhh dm thm wos teoth`pbcyhrs kdkmt shh` tc umkhrstomk cr vobuh tehdr sndbbs.

Omctehr sdlmdfdgomt fdmkdml wos teh gcmtrost ahtwhhm ecw rhspcmkhmts hxphrdhmghkdsoadbdty dm rhbotdcm tc wcrn, omk ecw teh \GO osshsshs Bd`dthk Gopoadbdty fcr \crn(BG\). [eh \GO osshsshs teh d`pogt cf rhbotdvhby stotdg omk umgeomldml d`podr`hmts tcbdàs cr shmshs cm morrcwby sphgdfdg ogtdvdtdhs. Aut tehsh whrh rothk ay rhspcmkhmts osfor bhss sdlmdfdgomt dm bd`dtdml tehdr gopoadbdty fcr wcrn, teom teh lbcaob d`pogt cf tehdr ehobtegcmkdtdcm dm thr`s cf dts vordoadbdty omk teh sy`ptc`s cf podm, fotdluh, mousho omk gclmdtdvhkdffdgubty, wedge offhgt ùbtdpbh orhos cf fumgtdcm aut orh eorkhr tc `hosurh cajhgtdvhby.

H`pbcyhrs kc mct umkhrstomk omk gomt ònh jcas ovodboabh fcr sc`hcmh wec gom wcrncmh koy CN aut mct fcr twc whhns, tehm òyah òmolh terhh koys omk ah cff fcr o`cmte. Dt just kchsmt wcrn bdnh teot!

[ehsh fdmkdmls prcvdkh hvdkhmgh olodmst teh eypctehsds teot o gubturh cf khphmkhmgy ds tehòdm aorrdhr tc wcrn fcr phcpbh dm teh \QOL. [ehy obsc sullhst teot dmthrvhmtdcms od`hkot tognbdml o gubturh cf khphmkhmgy dm teds lrcup wdbb mct ah om opprcprdoth cr hffhgtdvhopprcoge tc ehbp phcpbh dmtc wcrn.

1. \eot shrvdghs whrh cffhrhk tc prhporh fcr wcrn3

[eh purpcsh cf teds shgtdcm wos tc osshss teh quobdty cf teh shrvdghs omk dmthrvhmtdcmscffhrhk ay \crn Yrclro``h prcvdkhrs omk JGY. [eh survhy hxo`dmhk:

?. Ecw hffhgtdvh tehsh prclro``hs whrh dm dkhmtdfydml gbodòmts suppcrt mhhks, omk tcweot hxthmt teh dmthrvhmtdcms cffhrhk okkrhsshk tehsh mhhks.

1. [eh hxthmt tc wedge ogtdcm pboms fcr wcrn prhporotdcm whrh gc-prckughk wdterhspcmkhmts omk opprcprdoth tc tehdr gdrgu`stomghs omk aorrdhrs.

7. \edge shrvdghs whrh ovodboabh dm-ecush omk wedge whrh gc``dssdcmhk frc` hxthrmob

prcvdkhrs, omk tc weot hxthmt tc `hht sphgdfdg mhhks.

;. \ehtehr teh shrvdghs cffhrhk fcbbcwhk hvdkhmgh-aoshk rhgc``hmkotdcms fcr dmgrhosdmlteh h`pbcy`hmt cppcrtumdtdhs cf kdsoabhk phcpbh (Wtoffcrk 1996> CHGK 1997).

Dm-ecush shrvdghs

Ahgoush cf teh abogn acx khsdlm cf teh \crn Yrclro``h omk teh bogn cf puabdgbyovodboabh gcmthmt prhsgrdptdcm fcr JGY prclro``hs, dt wos kdffdgubt tc prhkdgt weot shrvdghsomk dmthrvhmtdcms wcubk ah cffhrhk tc rhspcmkhmts. [eh cptdcms bdsthk dm teh survhy whrhtehrhfcrh mct hxeoustdvh omk òy eovh cvhrbopphk dm gcmthmt. Fcr hxo`pbh, o wcrnsecpòy eovh dmgcrpcrothk osphgts cf jcashhndml sndbbs suge os GV wrdtdml cr dmthrvdhw

thgemdquhs. Fcr teds rhoscm rhspcmkhmts gcubk shbhgt Ctehr omk khsgrdah o kdffhrhmtshrvdgh dm o frhh thxt acx.

Qhspcmkhmts whrh osnhk wedge typh cf ogtdvdty tehy tccn port dm tercule teh \crnYrclro``h cr JGY.(Gc`pordml teh gcmthmt cf shrvdghs ahtwhhm kdffhrhmt \crnYrclro``h prcvdkhrs wos mct wdtedm teh sgcph cf teds survhy.)7;. Ecustcm, K omk Bdmksoy,

G, 19?9.


17/46

HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup ? K\Y, 1995.

Qhlubor dmthrvdhw wdte o phrscmob okvdshr46%

45%

Wtuky tcworks o quobdfdgotdcm*(shh rubhs oacut bhvhbs cf quobdfdgotdcm fumkhk)

77 (??)%

HWO dmfcr`otdcm shssdcm;8.6%

m/o*

Okvdgh oacut teh Ogghss tc \crn prclro``h (mct rhfhrrob)

\crn hxphrdhmgh pbogh`hmt79.


18/46


[ehsh fdmkdmls secw teot vhry bdttbh sphgdobdst suppcrt ds cffhrhk, ahycmk teh lhmhrdgdm-ecush shrvdghs, tc phcpbh dm teh HWO \QOL. [eh `cst gc``cm rhfhrrob typh wos fcro Gcmkdtdcm @omolh`hmt Yrclro``h, yht cmby o tctob cf ?? tc ?1 phr ghmt cf rhspcmkhmts

rhghdvhk teds shrvdgh.

Cmby 6 phr ghmt cf \crn Yrclro``h portdgdpomts omk 4 phr ghmt cf JGY portdgdpomtsrhghdvhk teh dmvhst`hmt cf o sphgdobdst shrvdgh frc` om hxthrmob prcvdkhr.

Mcth cm _uobdfdgotdcms: Qhshorge secws teot hkugotdcmob quobdfdgotdcms opphortc ah cf grdtdgob d`pcrtomgh tc kdsoabhk phcpbh dm thr`s cf dmfbuhmgdml futurh bdfhgeomghs.7


19/46


?5 tc 18. Dt wos hmvdsolhk teot teh prdvoth omk vcbumtory shgtcr wcubk ah rhspcmsdabh fcrdmthmsdvh gosh òmolh`hmt omk fcr prcvdkdml dmkdvdkuob, todbcrhk ehbp fcr dmkdvdkuobs tc rh-hmlolh wdte teh boacur òrnht.;1

Tht tehsh koto dmkdgoth teot, khspdth tehsh fdmomgdob dmghmtdvhs tc prdvoth prcvdkhrs, \crnYrclro``h portdgdpomts kdk mct rhghdvh `crh sphgdobdst suppcrt shrvdghs teom tehdrgcumthrports wdte JGY, port cf teh K\Y. Mc `crh teom 4 phr ghmt cf rhspcmkhmts frc`hdtehr gcecrt whrh rhfhrrhk tc hdtehr \crn Gecdgh, teh Lcvhrm`hmts sphgdobdst kdsoadbdtyh`pbcy`hmt prclro``h, cr omctehr bcgob sphgdobdst shrvdgh.

[ehrh whrh cmby twc `hàhrs cf stoff wec whrh trodmhk tc khob wdte HWO gbodòmtsomk mc cmh shh`hk oabh tc khob wdte `hmtob ehobte prcabh`s. @y fdrst `hhtdml dmvcbvhk olrcup dmkugtdcm. D wos sc omxdcus dm teds sdtuotdcm D eok tc ah rh`cvhk frc` teh rcc`.

Qhshorge ay teh K\Y omk teh \crn omk Yhmsdcms Gc``dtthh obsc fcumk teot dmvhst`hmt dmsphgdobdst shrvdghs wos rhbotdvhby rorh, omk bhss gc``cm teom sullhsthk ay teh suppby geodms

khsgrdahk dm òmy prd`h prcvdkhrs gcmtrogts wdte K\Y.;7[eds okks tc teh lrcwdml hvdkhmghteot teh kdffhrhmtdob prdgdml `ckhb fcr teh \crn Yrclro``h ds mct eovdml dts dmthmkhk d`pogt dmtorlhtdml teh cst kdsokvomtolhk jcashhnhrs,;;omk sphgdobdst crlomdsotdcms dmgbukhk dm bhokprcvdkhrs suppby geodms orh mct rhghdvdml teh rhfhrrobs cf \crn Yrclro``h portdgdpomts tehyecphk fcr wehm hmthrdml dmtc gcmtrogts wdte prd`hs.;8

Dmsthok, rhspcmkhmts ay omk borlh rhghdvhk o lhmhrdg pognolh cf aogn-tc-wcrn suppcrt teotfcgushs prhkc`dmomtby cm jcashhndml sndbbs omk aheovdcurs, frc` acte teh \crn Yrclro``homk JGY. [eds gcrrcacroths teh \crn omk Yhmsdcms Gc``dtthhs fdmkdml teot teh \crnYrclro``h wos khbdvhrdml teh so`h ndmk cf stuff teot eos obwoys ahhm khbdvhrhk, dmgbukdmlfogh-tc-fogh okvdshr suppcrt, gcogedml, `hmtcrdml, ehbp wdte jca shorgehs omk GV audbkdml.;6

^[eh \crn Yrclro``h prcvdkhrP eos just stugn `h omk ctehr HWO gustc`hrs dm lrcups

wdte phcpbh cm JWO. \h orh òkh tc otthmk gcurshs cm GVs omk dmthrvdhw thgemdquhs, autmctedml ds kcmh ot obb tc ehbp `h fdmk wcrn cr tc prcvdkh omy kdsoadbdty-sphgdfdg suppcrt crokvdgh. D hmk up `crh hxeousthk, gcmfushk omk omxdcus ahgoush D eovh mc rhob dkho weotds lcdml cm, omk D kcmt shh ecw omy cf teds ds ahmhfdttdml `h cr lhttdml `h aogn tc wcrn.

[ehy just shh` tc ah lcdml tercule teh `ctdcms. [ehy lht `h tc kc tedmls bdnh o GV,khspdth eovdml cmh, dmthrvdhw thgemdquhs, bhtthr wrdtdml. D womt o pbogh`hmt aut mcackyeos fcumk cmh fcr `h khspdth `h osndml.

Hvhm rhspcmkhmts wec fcrlhk o lcck rhbotdcmsedp wdte tehdr phrscmob okvdshr fhbt tehprclro``h, os o wecbh, cffhrhk teh` mctedml:

@y okvdshr ds vhry pbhosomt omk ds `crh bdnh o frdhmk. Aut oport frc` teh cffhr cf teh

phr`dtthk wcrn cptdcm, tehrh ds mct ùge `crh D tedmn tehy gom kc. O bct wdbb ah kcwm tc`h. Mctedml eos ahhm cffhrhk dm thr`s cf o jca cr sphgdob suppcrt.

[ehy bccnhk ot `y GV omk boulehk ahgoush D eovh o @osthrs omk obb tehy eok wossehbf stogndml.

Mhdtehr JGY mcr teh \crn Yrclro``h opphor tc ah dmgcrpcrotdml hxdstdml hvdkhmgh-aoshk`ckhbs tc suppcrt kdsoabhk phcpbh dmtc wcrn, `cst mctoaby teh Dmkdvdkuob Ybogh`hmt omkWuppcrt (DYW) `ckhb, wedge cffhrs vcgotdcmob trodmdml tercule wcrn pbogh`hmts wehrhacte dmkdvdkuob omk h`pbcyhr orh suppcrthk. Bhss teom 8 phr ghmt cf rhspcmkhmts fhbttehy eok ahhm cffhrhk omy jca-sphgdfdg trodmdml. [eds fdmkdml ùst ah tonhm wdte goutdcmahgoush 79 phr ghmt cf rhspcmkhmts sodk tehy eok tonhm port dm o \crn HxphrdhmghYbogh`hmts. Dt gcubk ah sd`pby o gcmfusdcm dm thr`dmcbcly, cr teot rhspcmkhmts wec eok

umkhrtonhm o pbogh`hmt kdk mct fhhb teot tehdr pbogh`hmt dmgbukhk omy hbh`hmt cf lhmudmhvcgotdcmob trodmdml. @crh rhshorge ds mhhkhk tc gbordfy teh hxthmt tc wedge pbogh`hmtsarcnhrhk ay phrscmob okvdshrs fcbbcw teh prcvhm pbogh omk trodm `ckhb ushk dm DYW.Ecwhvhr, teh K\Ys cwm rhshorge fcumk fhw gbhor hxo`pbhs cf vcgotdcmob sndbbs trodmdmlahdml prcvdkhk tercule teh \crn Yrclro``h.; Qhhs, J

ht ob,19?7. Wuppcrt fcr obb dm

teh XN \crn Yrclro``h3

Kdffhrhmtdob poy`hmts, so`h

cbk prcabh`[edrk Whgtcr

Qhshorge Ghmtrh.

;;. \crn omk Yhmsdcms

Gc``dtthh, 19?7> Bomh, Y,

19?7. \crn Yrclro``h

Hvobuotdcm: Yrcgurh`hmt,

suppby geodms omk

d`pbh`hmtotdcm cf teh

gc``dssdcmdml `ckhb.K\Y.

;8. Nhrr, W, 19?7. Fodr Geomgh

tc \crn 1: Hxphrdhmghs

frc` teh fdrst peosh cf \crn

Yrclro``h khbdvhry dm

Bcmkcm.BGVW.

;6. \crn omk Yhmsdcms

Gc``dtthh, 19?7.

;


20/46


21/46

HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup 1?

Kdk ycur òdm \crn Yrclro``h/JGY okvdshr eovh o gcpy cf teh rhpcrt frc` ycur \GO,gobbhk HWO583

Fcbbcwdml o \GO, teh K\Y prckughs o rhpcrt, gobbhk HWO58, cutbdmdml wedge orhoscf fumgtdcmob d`podr`hmt d`pogt cm o gbodòmts gopoadbdty fcr wcrn. [eds rhpcrt ds mct

rcutdmhby ldvhm tc gbodòmts> `cst orh umbdnhby tc nmcw dts mo`h.

[ehsh fdmkdmls orh kdffdgubt tc dmthrprht ahgoush `cst rhspcmkhmts wcubk mct eovh tedsdmfcròtdcm. Ecwhvhr, dt eos ahhm gcmfdr`hk dm kdsgussdcms wdte teh H`pbcy`hmt QhbothkWhrvdghs Osscgdotdcm omk wdte dmkdvdkuob prcvdkhrs teot \crn Yrclro``h prcvdkhrs orh mctrcutdmhby ldvhm o gcpy cf tehdr gbdhmts \GO rhpcrt ot teh td`h cf eomkcvhr.

\dte mc `hgeomds` dm pbogh tc troms`dt dmfcròtdcm frc` teh K\Ys osshss`hmt cfbd`dthk gopoadbdty fcr wcrn tc teh phrscmob okvdshr fcr \QO, hdtehr wdte JGY cr teh \crnYrclro``h, dt opphors teot teh prcghkurh fcr osshssdml o phrscms kdsoadbdty-rhbothkaorrdhrs tc wcrn ds mct fcròbdshk omk ds hxtrh`hby potgey dm cggurrhmgh.

a) Ecw ùge kdk rhspcmkhmts khthr`dmh tehdr cwm wcrn-rhbothk ogtdvdty pboms3Qhlubor `hhtdmls wdte o phrscmob okvdshr fcr` teh gcrh cf acte teh JGY omk \crnYrclro``h shrvdghs fcr teh \QOL. [eh htecs cf teh \crn Yrclro``h h`peosdshk tehfrhhkc` ahtwhhm teh prcvdkhr omk teh dmkdvdkuob tc kc weot wcrns fcr teh` omk suppcrttodbcrhk tc gbdhmts ospdrotdcms os whbb os tehdr mhhks.8?

Acte JGY omk \crn Yrclro``h prclro``hs ghmtrh cm om Ogtdcm Ybom cf ogtdvdtdhs,wedge teh gbdhmt olrhhs tc, omk ds cabdlhk tc hmlolh dm, wdte teh od` cf `cvdml dmtc wcrn.Ecw ùge gccphrotdcm cggurs dm teh prckugtdcm cf om Ogtdcm Ybom omk ecw ùge kdkrhspcmkhmts fhhb teot tehdr Ogtdcm Ybom fcbbcwhk tehdr cwm h`pbcy`hmt-rhbothk lcobs3

8?. Frhuk, K, 199


22/46


Oacut eobf cf obb rhspcmkhmts fhbt teot teh ogtdvdtdhs dm tehdr Ogtdcm Ybom whrh mctopprcprdoth tc teh`, omk teot tehy eok mct ahhm dmvcbvhk dm grhotdml teh` omk eok mcthxprhsshk olrhh`hmt wdte teh`. Cmby cmh fdfte cf rhspcmkhmts fhbt teot tehdr Ogtdcm Ybom

wos opprcprdoth tc teh` omk fhbt dmvcbvhk dm olrhhdml teh ogtdvdtdhs gcmtodmhk dm dt.

[ehrh wos mc sdlmdfdgomt kdffhrhmgh dm teh hxphrdhmgh cf phrscmobdsotdcm ahtwhhm teh JGYgcecrt omk teh \crn Yrclro``h gcecrt cf rhspcmkhmts.

\ehrh rhspcmkhmts eok ahhm oabh tc khthr`dmh tehdr wcrn-rhbothk ogtdvdtdhs, ùge lrhothrsotdsfogtdcm omk shmsh cf prclrhss wos rhpcrthk:

[eh sdx `cmtes cf \QOL sc for eovh ahhm pcsdtdvh os teh Jca Ghmtrh okvdshr eos obbcwhk`h tc otthmk @dmk gcurshs cf `y geccsdml, wedge orh ehbpdml `h audbk gcmfdkhmgh omkscgdob sndbbs.

Ecwhvhr, stoth`hmts hxprhssdml frustrotdcm ot tehdr bogn cf dmput dmtc ogtdcms pboms whrh

for crh gc``cm:

D wcubk bdnh teh` tc ah `crh gcbboacrotdvh dm òndml om Ogtdcm Ybom omk `crh oworhcf aogn-tc-wcrn suppcrt ovodboabh bcgobby. Dk bdnh tc ah cffhrhk o kdsoadbdty h`pbcy`hmtokvdshr omk dt wcubk obsc ah ehbpfub df Jcaghmtrh Ybus rom okvdgh shssdcms htg. dm tehdr cwmprh`dshs, wedge orh frhquhmtby hosdhr tc ogghss teom ctehr ghmtrhs.

Dt ds d`pcssdabh tc sphon tc omyacky rhlorkdml `y gcmghrms. [ehy just shmk `crhogtdvdtdhs dm teh pcst.

[eh bogn cf kdobcluh kuh tc teh gc`puthrdshk moturh cf ogtdcm pbommdml systh`s eos ahhmmcthk dm ctehr grdtdquhs cf teh \crn Yrclro``h.81

Kdsgussdcm

[eh \GO thbbs teh JGY stoff mctedml oacut `y gopoadbdty. Wc, wh orh obb dm teh kornwostdml td`h. [ehrh ds mctedml cm cffhr hdtehr jcas cr rhtrodmdml cr prcfhssdcmobosshss`hmt cf `y sndbbs omk tehy orh mct `ctdvothk tc lhmhroth pcssdadbdtdhs ctehr teomvcbumtory wcrn. \eot kc phcpbh bdnh `h kc3

[eh sthp geomlh dm suppcrt87prc`dshk wdte teh dmtrckugtdcm cf HWO dm rhturmdml lrhothrcabdlotdcms rhsthk cm teh mctdcm cf phrscmobdshk suppcrt, todbcrhk tc dmkdvdkuob mhhks omklcobs. [eh bogn cf sphgdobdst shrvdghs fcr phcpbh wdte ehobte gcmkdtdcms omk d`podr`hmtsmcthk dm Whgtdcm 1 ds strdndml. Ecwhvhr, dt gommct cmby ah hxpbodmhk ay teh fodburh cf teh\crn Yrclro``hs prdgdml `hgeomds` tc prhvhmt teh grho`dml omk porndml cf kdsoabhk

phcpbh wdte gc`pbhx aorrdhrs tc wcrn.

Yhrscmobdsotdcm ùst ahldm wdte om osshss`hmt cf dmkdvdkuob mhhks. [eh dmthmtdcm fcr HWOwos tc tromsfcr` teh prcghss frc` o mhlotdvhby fcgushk cmh teot cmby osshsshs bd`dtotdcm cffumgtdcm, tc o pcsdtdvh omk fcrwork-bccndml cmh teot bccns ot teh gustc`hrs futurh ospdrotdcmsfcr wcrn omk teh ehobte-rhbothk dmthrvhmtdcms teot `dlet suppcrt tecsh ospdrotdcms.8;

Ecwhvhr, dm rhobdty, teh osshss`hmt teot khthr`dmhs hbdldadbdty fcr HWO teh \GO dskdsgcmmhgthk frc` teh suppcrt shrvdgh teot teh \QOL ds suppcshk tc rhghdvh. Mdmh cut cfthm rhspcmkhmts sodk teot tehdr ehobte gcmkdtdcm cr kdsoadbdty wos o òdm aorrdhr tc wcrn.Tht tehrh ds mc prcghkurh dm pbogh ay wedge o phrscmob h`pbcy`hmt okvdshr gom opprodshteh hvdkhmgh cf wcrn-rhbothk d`podr`hmt kh`cmstrothk dm tehdr \GO.

Mc rhob `hmtdcm wos òkh cf `y dbbmhss omk teh phcpbh ot teh Jca Ghmtrh kdkmt hmqudrhcr osn omy quhstdcms, omk whmt oacut tehdr ausdmhss os df D wos o mcròb jcashhnhr.

@y okvdshr nmcws mctedml oacut Osphrlhr symkrc`h. \ehm D trdhk tc hxpbodm seh sodkseh kdkmt womt tc nmcw os dt wcubk ònh ehr juklh`hmtob oacut `h. D kcmt umkhrstomkecw tehy gom ehbp df teds ds teh gosh. [eh òdm prcabh`s phcpbh wdte Osphrlhr symkrc`h

81. Mhwtcm ht ob, 19?1.

87. K\Y, 1995.

8;. Ehmkhrscm, @, 199


23/46

HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup 17

eovh orh orcumk scgdob gcmtogt omk gcpdml wdte geomlh. Dsmt ûmkhrstomkdmlP teds omhsshmtdob port cf teh suppcrt3

Wc`h phrscmob okvdshrs otth`pthk tc hbdgdt dmfcròtdcm frc` rhspcmkhmts oacut tehdrehobte gcmkdtdcm cr d`podr`hmt, aut eobf cf rhspcmkhmts kdk mct eovh tehdr kdsoadbdty-rhbothkaorrdhrs tc wcrn okkrhsshk cr ognmcwbhklhk ot obb. [eus, teh fodburh tc prcvdkho phrscmobdshk shrvdgh rhboths tc o strugturob fbow dm teh HWO prcghss.

Wokby, fcr `cst rhspcmkhmts, eovdml o phrscmob okvdshr kdk mct rhsubt dm o phrscmobdshkshrvdgh. [eh òjcrdty cf rhspcmkhmts fhbt tehy eok bdttbh cr mc dmput dmtc òndml omogtdcm pbom tc d`prcvh tehdr h`pbcy`hmt prcsphgts, omk teot teh ogtdvdtdhs dm dt whrh mctopprcprdoth tc tehdr mhhks omk gdrgu`stomghs.

D stdbb kcmt hvhm eovh o sudtoabh GV teot hxpbodms teh oashmghs cvhr teh yhors kuh tchdtehr `y `hmtob cr `y peysdgob ehobte. \ey mct ehbp `h lht `y GV dmtc seoph omkprhporh `h fcr teh rhobds` teot D mhhk tc hxpbodm lops dm wcrn cr hkugotdcm ahgoush cf

ehobte prcabh`s3

Wc`h fhbt tehy eok tc put osdkh tehdr cwm pboms omk ospdrotdcms dm crkhr tc `hht tehmorrcwhr rhqudrh`hmts cf tehdr okvdshrs:

Dt ds òkh opporhmt ^teot ycu secubk mctP mct try omk gcmtdmuh hmeomgdml ycur prcsphgtsos ycu whrh kcdml ahfcrh ahdml pboghk cm teh sgeh`h, os dt ds mct ogedhvoabh dm teh td`hphrdck tehy eovh tc lht ycu h`pbcyhk. Wc ycu orh frhquhmtby urlhk tc krcp obb teot omkfcgus cm teh wcrn tehy thbb ycu tc.

;. \eot gcmkdtdcms kdk rhspcmkhmts eovh tc `hht omk whrh tehy fodromk prcpcrtdcmoth3

\dte teh dmtrckugtdcm cf HWO, gbodòmts pboghk dm teh \QOL eovh lrhothr cabdlotdcms tctonh port dm wcrn-rhbothk ogtdvdty teom umkhr DA, dm rhturm fcr teh prc`dsh cf hmeomghksuppcrt.88Fodburh tc portdgdpoth dm @\QO gom rhsubt dm o somgtdcm, d.h. o gut dm ahmhfdtpoy`hmts. [eh K\Ys ludkomgh tc \crn Yrclro``h prcvdkhrs cm òmkotdcm, d.h. tehoppbdgotdcm cf gcmkdtdcmobdty, stoths teot teh òmkothk ogtdvdty ùst ah rhoscmoabh dm tehportdgdpomts gdrgu`stomghs.86

[eh gcmkdtdcms teot gom ah d`pcshk upcm phcpbh dm teh \QOL dm rhturm fcr ahmhfdts,omk teh phmobtdhs, cr somgtdcms, fcr hmfcrgdml teh` eovh hsgobothk sdmgh HWO wosdmtrckughk dm 1995.

88. K\Y, 1995.

86. K\Y \crn Yrclro``h

Yrcvdkhr Ludkomgh: ettps://

www.lcv.un/lcvhrm`hmt/

puabdgotdcms/wcrn-prclro``h-

kwp-prcvdkhr-ludkomgh


24/46

HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup1;

Ecw uge wcrn-rhbothk ogtdvdty ds `omkotcry3

JGY \crn Yrclro``h Obb rhspcmkhmts

Yhrscmob okvdshr `hhtdmls

@omkotcry


25/46


Qhspcmkhmts hoge rhgcrkhk om ovhrolh cf 7.7 cf teh fcbbcwdml aorrdhrs tc @\QO:

[eh secrt mctdgh fcr oppcdmt`hmts kchsmt ldvh `h hmculetd`h tc orromlh tromspcrt cr suppcrt

?5.1%

D kcmt nmcw ecw tc ush o gc`puthr ahgoush Dvh mhvhr ahhm toulet 8.?%

D gommct ush puabdg tromspcrt tc trovhbtc teh \crn Yrclro``h/JGY

;6.1%

D gommct rhok/umkhrstomk teh bhtthrs teh \crn Yrclro``h prcvdkhr shmks tc `h 4.4%

D gomt ogghss cr `cvh orcumk teh \crn Yrclro``h cffdghs sofhby ??.7%

D gommct ush o gc`puthr ahgoush cf `y d`podr`hmt cr ehobte gcmkdtdcm ?7.6%

D mhhk tc ush teh tcdbht frhquhmtby omk tehrh ds mc sudtoabyogghssdabh tcdbht ot teh \crn Yrclro``h/JGY cffdghs

?5%

D mhhk tc ush o gor ahgoush cf `cadbdty kdffdgubtdhs omk tehrh

ds mc sudtoabh porndml mhor \crn Yrclro``h/JGY prh`dshs

?4.;%

D gommct sdt fcr teh kurotdcm cf tehogtdvdty wdtecut shvhrh podm/kdsgc`fcrt

;8.7%

D` cfthm/sc`htd`hs tcc dbb, whoncr frodb tc bhovh teh ecush

69.


26/46


Kdk ycur okvdshr okopt ogtdvdtdhs tc `onh tedmls hosdhr fcr ycu3

Kdsgussdcm

[eh survhy fcumk hvdkhmgh cf lrhothr ush cf gcmkdtdcmobdty fcr ogtdvdtdhs ahycmk phrscmobokvdshr `hhtdmls ay \crn Yrclro``h okvdshrs teom JGY okvdshrs. Ecwhvhr, \crnYrclro``h okvdshrs whrh sbdletby `crh bdnhby tc `onh okjust`hmts tc oggc``ckoth oportdgdpomts ehobte-rhbothk kdffdgubtdhs teom okvdshrs ot JGY.

Whgtdcm 7 kdsgusshs teh fodburh ay teh \crn Yrclro``h omk JGY tc osshss omk dkhmtdfykdsoadbdty-rhbothk aorrdhrs tc wcrn dm teh \QOL kuh, dm port, tc teh systh`dg kdsgcmmhgt dmteh HWO prcghss. Dt opphors teot teds kdsgcmmhgt eos edleby khtrd`hmtob gcmshquhmghs fcrteh fodrmhss cf gcmkdtdcmobdty.

Qhspcmkhmts shbhgthk om ovhrolh crh teom terhh kdffhrhmt kdsoadbdty-rhbothk kdffdgubtdhshoge. [eh cst sdlmdfdgomt kdffdgubtdhs rhpcrthk whrh kdstrhss goushk ay bhovdml teh ecush crdmthrogtdml wdte stromlhrs omk ahdml tcc dbb, whon cr frodb tc bhovh teh ecush. @crh teom eobf cfrhspcmkhmts fhbt teot tehdr okvdshr eok mct dkhmtdfdhk tehdr kdsoadbdty-rhbothk aorrdhrs tc @\QOomk


27/46

HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup 1 omk khòmk sdkh `hosurhs, wedge rhqudrh h`pbcyhrs tc okopt tehdr cffhrs cfh`pbcy`hmt tc rhspcmkhmts mhhks.

Ahtthr suppcrt tc d`prcvh gopogdty

O pognolh cf suppcrt oworkhk upfrcmt sc teot D gom rhossurh o pcthmtdob h`pbcyhrs teot Dgom kc teh jca rhghdvhk teh lrhothst aogndml. Ycthmtdobby, teds pognolh gcubk dmgcrpcroth omuàhr cf ctehr pcpubor suppcrt `hosurhs dmgbukdml fumkdml fcr trovhb tc omk wdtedm wcrn,o suppcrt wcrnhr, dmthrprhthr omk `cadbdty hqudp`hmt. [eh Lcvhrm`hmts Ogghss tc \crnsgeh`h ds teh gbcshst opprcxdòtdcm tc teds pognolh.

* Qhspcmkhmts gcubk tdgn os òmy os oppbdhk.


33/46


Ogghss tc \crn

[eh sgeh`h ehbps tecsh wdte ehobte gcmkdtdcms cr d`podr`hmts tc rhòdm dm wcrn ay ehbpdml

wdte teh gcst cf hqudp`hmt cr okjust`hmts òkh cvhr omk oacvh tecsh rhqudrhk ay tehHquobdty Ogt. Ogghss tc \crn ds teh `cst sugghssfub o`cml kdsoadbdty h`pbcy`hmt pcbdgdhsdm rhghmt yhors, rhghdvdml edle suppcrt frc` stonhecbkhrs68omk ardmldml o mht rhturm tc teh[rhosury cf ?.;5 dm edlehr tox rhvhmuh omk bcwhr ahmhfdt sphmkdml fcr hvhry ? sphmt.66

Cmby ?1 phr ghmt cf rhspcmkhmts whrh hvhm cffhrhk okvdgh oacut Ogghss tc \crn.

Yhrscmob okvdshrs gommct ònh o kdrhgt rhfhrrob tc Ogghss tc \crn cm aheobf cf o gbdhmt>tehy gom cmby kdrhgt gbdhmts tc oppby fcr teh shrvdgh teh`shbvhs.6


34/46

HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup7;

\h rhghdvhk strcml thstd`cmy frc` rhspcmkhmts wec gcubk mc bcmlhr phrfcr` teh jca tehyushk tc sdmgh ogqudrdml om d`podr`hmt omk wec hxprhsshk frustrotdcm teot fumkdml wos mctovodboabh fcr hkugotdcm cr trodmdml teot wcubk hmoabh teh` tc pursuh o mhw gorhhr.

D osnhk df teh \crn Yrclro``h wcubk poy fcr `h tc rhtrodm fcr jcas, os `y ^ehobtePgcmkdtdcms wcubk mct obbcw `h tc kc weot D eok kcmh prhvdcusby omk dt eok ahhm ?1 yhorssdmgh D wcrnhk. D wos tcbk tehy kc mct poy fcr suge sc ecw tehy whrh hxphgtdml `h tclht wcrn wos aoffbdml.

Gorhhrs okvdgh, ehbp wdte shbf-h`pbcy`hmt

Wc`h cf teh suppcrt `hosurhs shbhgthk ay rhspcmkhmts dmgbukh shrvdghs obrhoky dmteh fro`hwcrn cf \crn Yrclro``h prcvdkhrs cr JGY shrvdghs. Gorhhrs okvdgh omksuppcrt dm stortdml o ausdmhss whrh gcmsdkhrhk ehbpfub ay 1< phr ghmt omk 14 phr ghmtcf rhspcmkhmts rhsphgtdvhby. Tht cmby 5 phr ghmt cf rhspcmkhmts whrh cffhrhk o gorhhrsokvdgh shrvdgh ay hdtehr JGY cr \crn Yrclro``h. [eh survhy kdk mct osn wehtehr

suppcrt wdte shbf-h`pbcy`hmt wos cffhrhk aut omhgkctob hvdkhmgh frc` teh survhysullhsts `crh gcubk ah prcvdkhk:

D mcw wcrn ?6 ecurs o whhn omk gbod` tox grhkdts. [eh ehbp D rhghdvhk wos mcm-hxdsthmt.Tcu eovh tc fdmk ycur woy rcumk obb teh kdffhrhmt khport`hmts umodkhk. D gcubk kc wdte o cmh-stcp okvdshr wec wcubk ehbp `h tercule obb teh kdffhrhmt olhmgdhs. D shh` tc sphmk `crh omk`crh td`h cm pophrwcrn teom D kc cm ogtuobby wcrndml ot `y ausdmhss. \ehm D osnhk fcr ehbpwdte gc`puthr sndbbs omk wdte audbkdml o whasdth D wos tcbk mc ehbp wos ovodboabh.

Wuppcrthk wcrn hxphrdhmgh

[wc dm fdvh rhspcmkhmts wcubk whbgc`h suppcrthk wcrn hxphrdhmgh. Qhshorge secwsteot dm-wcrn vcgotdcmob trodmdml ds teh `cst hffhgtdvh suppcrt strothly fcr kdsoabhk phcpbh.


35/46


Yuttdml sc`hcmh wdte Osphrlhr symkrc`h dmtc o thbhsobhs gcbk-gobbdml jca kchs mct wcrn!

Fbhxdabh wcrndml

O vhry edle muàhr cf rhspcmkhmts sodk tehy wcubk whbgc`h teh cppcrtumdty fcr fbhxdabhwcrndml td`hs (6; phr ghmt), h.l. ommuobdshk ecurs, omk wcrndml frc` ec`h (61 phrghmt). Ob`cst eobf (;; phr ghmt) sodk tehy gcubk wcrn bhss teom ?6 ecurs phr whhn.[eds gcrrhboths strcmlby wdte horbdhr fdmkdmls teot teh òdm aorrdhr tc wcrn fcr eobf cfobb rhspcmkhmts wos teh vordoadbdty cf tehdr ehobte gcmkdtdcm. Wc`h 65 phr ghmt rhpcrthk`hmtob kdstrhss bhovdml tehdr ec`h cr tobndml tc stromlhrs omk 6? phr ghmt sodk tehsy`ptc`s cf tehdr ehobte gcmkdtdcm òkh teh` tcc whon cr frodb tc bhovh teh ecush.

Tht teh gurrhmt h`pbcy`hmt suppcrt prclro``hs fcr teh \QOL kc mct ahldm tc okkrhsstehsh aorrdhrs:

D wos mhvhr ehbphk wdte fdmkdml wcrn omk D osnhk oacut teh pcssdadbdtdhs cf wcrndml frc`

ec`h. Mc cmh sullhsthk omytedml tc ehbp.

[ognbdml kdsgrd`dmotcry rhgrudt`hmt progtdghs

[ehrh wos obsc strcml suppcrt fcr hkugotdml h`pbcyhrs tc ahtthr umkhrstomk teh vobuh cfh`pbcydml kdsoabhk phcpbh. Cmh hxo`pbh ds hmgcuroldml h`pbcyhrs tc mct rhquhst sndbbscr ottrdauths teot wcubk ummhghssordby aor kdsoabhk phcpbh frc` oppbydml fcr jcas df tecshottrdauths whrh mct hsshmtdob tc teh rcbh. [eh cptdcm cf o wcrn trdob dmsthok cf om dmthrvdhwwos fhbt ay 74 phr ghmt cf rhspcmkhmts tc ah o lcck woy cf hmoabdml teh` tc kh`cmstrothtehdr oadbdtdhs. [eds cptdcm wcubk prcaoaby obsc ehbp h`pbcyhrs tc khvhbcp gcmfdkhmghtcworks h`pbcydml kdsoabhk phcpbh.


36/46


H`pcwhr`hmt omk gcmfdkhmgh dm rhbotdcm tc h`pbcy`hmt

Qhspcmkhmts whrh osnhk tc roth tc weot hxthmt tehy olrhhk teot portdgdpotdml dm teh \crn

Yrclro``h cr JGY eok h`pcwhrhk teh` omk dmgrhoshk gcmfdkhmgh dm tehdr jca prcsphgts.

D fhhb ecphfub oacut `y geomghs cf rhturmdml tc wcrn

D fhhb h`pcwhrhk ahgoush Dvh tonhm port dm/rhghdvhk suppcrt frc` \crn Yrclro``h/JGY

[ehrh wos ob`cst mc vordotdcm ot obb ahtwhhm teh \crn Yrclro``h gcecrt omk teh JGYgcecrt dm tehdr rhogtdcm tc tehsh stoth`hmts.

Wcgdob dmgbusdcm omk ehobte/whbbahdml

Qhspcmkhmts whrh osnhk oacut teh d`pogt cf tehdr hmlolh`hmt wdte JGY cr teh \crnYrclro``h cm tehdr ehobte gcmkdtdcm cr kdsoadbdty> tehdr oadbdty tc gcmtrdauth tc scgdhty cr

tc tehdr gc``umdty> tehdr fdmomgdob sdtuotdcm> tehdr sndbbs> tehdr fhhbdml cf eovdml o purpcsh dmbdfh> tehdr gcmfdkhmgh oacut lhttdml o jca> omk tehdr shmsh cf `cvdml gbcshr tc tehdr lcobs.

Cutgc`hs fcr scgdob dmgbusdcm omk whbbahdml

d`prcvhkstoyhk

teh so`hlct

wcrshtctob

so`pbh

Ehobte/d`podr`hmt ;% 78% 6?% ;;;

Wcgdob gcmtrdautdcm ;% 87% ;7% ;7;

Fdmomgdob sdtuotdcm 1% ;6% 8?% ;7;

Wndbbs 6%


37/46

HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup 7 tehy obwoys ònh `h fhhb wcrsh omkkhfdmdthby mct bdnh o euòm ahdml. [ehy kc mct ogghpt teot D o` dbb omk ldvh sdbby okvdgh, tehygomghb oppcdmt`hmts cr hvhm fcrlht tc gobb `h hvhm tecule D o` dm teh wodtdml orho... owfub!

D just fhbt oaushk, secuthk ot, mollhk omk fcrghk tc otthmk oppcdmt`hmts fcr mc rhoscm.

Cmh sdzh fdts obb fcr kdsoadbdty h`pbcy`hmt suppcrt3

[eh rhsubts cf teds survhy secwhk teot

?. Vhry bdttbh suppcrt ds cffhrhk tc teh \QOL tc cvhrgc`h tehdr kdsoadbdty-rhbothkaorrdhrs tc wcrn cr fogdbdtoth tehdr hmtry dmtc h`pbcy`hmt. Mc `crh teom 4 phr ghmt cfrhspcmkhmts whrh cffhrhk rhfhrrob tc hdtehr \crn Gecdgh, teh K\Y sphgdobdst kdsoadbdtyh`pbcy`hmt prclro``h, cr omctehr sphgdobdst shrvdgh. Mc `crh teom ?1 phr ghmt whrhcffhrhk o gcmkdtdcm òmolh`hmt prclro``h.

1. @cst cf teh ogtdvdtdhs omk dmthrvhmtdcms tehy whrh cffhrhk cr gc`phbbhk tc umkhrtonh wcubk eovh ahhm lhmhrdg tc obb \crn Yrclro``h cr JGY shrvdgh ushrs, suge os GVwrdtdml, jcashhndml sndbbs omk aosdg bdthrogy omk D[ sndbbs.

7. Khspdth teh rehtcrdg cf phrscmobdsotdcm, teh rhobdty cf teh HWO prcghss ds o kdsgcmtdmudtyahtwhhm osshss`hmt omk suppcrt, omk vhry bdttbh olhmgy dm khgdkdml teh prclro``h cf

wcrn-rhbothk ogtdvdty.

\dte teh dmtrckugtdcm cf teh \crn Yrclro``h, teh h`pbcy`hmt suppcrt prhvdcusbycffhrhk tc DA omk HWO gbodòmts tercule sphgdobdst sgeh`hs bdnh teh Mhw Khob fcrKdsoabhk Yhcpbh omk Yotewoys tc \crn, ahgo`h dmgcrpcrothk dmtc o sdmlbh òdmstrho`prclro``h. [eh okvdgh tonhm ay teh Lcvhrm`hmt cm whbforh-tc-wcrn pcbdgdhs wos teoto umdvhrsob prclro``h wos prhfhroabh tc ùbtdpbh prclro``hs aoshk cm ahmhfdt typhahgoush teh ahmhfdt lrcupdmls orh o pccr prhkdgtcr cf teh sphgdfdg omk cfthm ùbtdpbhsuppcrt mhhks cf dmkdvdkuobs.56

Ecwhvhr, rotehr teom fcsthrdml o `crh todbcrhk shrvdgh, teh cmh-sdzh-fdts-obb `ckhb okcpthkay teh \crn Yrclro``h omk JGY opphors tc suasu`h kdsoabhk phcpbh dm teh \QOL dmtcteh whbforh khphmkhmgy fro`hwcrn teot umkhrpdms whbforh-tc-wcrn rhfcr`s.

[eh whbforh-tc-wcrn dmkustry wos tcbk dm 1994 teot teh mhhks cf teh mhw hmtromts cmHWO wcubk ah sd`dbor tc tecsh cm JWO.5


40/46

HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup;9

D wos tcbk ay teh okvdshr teot omycmh wec ds put dmtc teh \QOL lrcup ds gbosshk os fdtfcr wcrn teh so`h os sc`hcmh cm JWO. [eh okvdshr tcbk `h teot dt kdkmt òtthr weot`y kcgtcr sodk, teot teh K\Y eok khgdkhk D wos fdt fcr wcrn sc teot wos teot, omk df D

rhfushk tc tonh port dm omytedml seh crkhrhk `y ahmhfdt wcubk ah stcpphk.

[eh ludkomgh ldvhm tc \crn Yrclro``h prcvdkhrs ay teh K\Y kchs mct sphgdfy om cabdlotdcmtc dkhmtdfy cr okkrhss ehobte cr d`podr`hmt-rhbothk aorrdhrs tc wcrn o`cml teh \QOL. Dmsthokdt cffhrs lhmhrob ludkomgh fcr obb gbdhmts teot ogtdvdtdhs omk dmthrvhmtdcms secubk ah od`hk otkhvhbcpdml wcrn-rhbothk sndbbs omk kdsgdpbdmh dmgbukdml pumgtuobdty omk tho`-wcrndml.55

Qhspcmkhmts frhquhmtby fhbt teot teh strcml h`peosds cm tognbdml o gubturh cf khphmkhmgymhlothk teh d`pogt cf tehdr ehobte cr d`podr`hmt os o lhmudmh castogbh tc h`pbcy`hmt:

@y suppcrt dmvcbvhk ahdml osnhk weot orh ycu lcdml tc kc tc lht aogn tc wcrn3 Dhxpbodmhk weot D wos kcdml tc d`prcvh `y ehobte, omk wos tcbk teot wosmt lcck hmcule.Mc sullhstdcms whrh òkh oacut weot hbsh D gcubk kc. D o` o fubby trodmhk prcfhssdcmob

wdte 19 yhors hxphrdhmgh. Aut D wos just trhothk os bozy.

Qummdml dm porobbhb tc teh òdmstrho` prclro``hs fcr teh \QOL rum ay teh \crnYrclro``h omk JGY ds o sphgdobdst kdsoadbdty h`pbcy`hmt suppcrt sgeh`h rum motdcmobbyay teh K\Y gobbhk \crn Gecdgh. [eh cmby woy tc ogghss \crn Gecdgh ds vdo o KdsoadbdtyH`pbcy`hmt Okvdshr (KHO) wdtedm JGY. Dm JGY tehrh ds cmh KHO tc hvhry 699 HWOgbodòmts.54[eh òjcrdty cf kdsoabhk phcpbh dm teh \QOL wcubk tehrhfcrh mct shh o KHOomk wcubk mct eovh ogghsshk teh lothwoy tc sphgdobdst suppcrt. Okvdshrs ot JGY fhbt teotrhfhrrdml \QOL gbodòmts tc \crn Gecdgh wos gcmtrory tc teh HWO rhlubotdcms ahgoushportdgdpotdcm dm \crn Gecdgh ds vcbumtory, wehrhos wcrn-rhbothk ogtdvdty fcr teh \QOL dsòmkotcry. [eds òy hxpbodm wey cmby ?6 phr ghmt cf rhfhrrobs tc \crn Gecdgh go`h frc`kdsoabhk phcpbh rhghdvdml hdtehr DA, HWO cr Whvhrh Kdsoabh`hmt Obbcwomgh ahgoush cf omdbbmhss cr kdsoadbdty.49

[eh rhsubts cf teds survhy dmkdgoth teot kdsoabhk phcpbh dm teh \QOL gommct ah shrvhkay o òdmstrho` h`pbcy`hmt suppcrt prclro``h. Dt opphors teot teh kc`dmomgh cf tehgubturh cf khphmkhmgy fro`hwcrn eos òkh dt bhss bdnhby mct `crh sc teot shrvdghprcvdsdcm fcr teh \QOL wdbb dkhmtdfy mhhks omk prcvdkh hffhgtdvh scbutdcms tc dmgrhoshh`pbcy`hmt cppcrtumdtdhs fcr teds lrcup.

Dmthrvhmtdcms teot torlht suppcshk ottdtukdmob omk aheovdcurob khfhgts dm teh suppby cfboacur, wdtecut okkrhssdml umkhrbydml ehobte prcabh`s cr teh khòmk fcr teh sndbbs cfkdsoabhk phcpbh frc` h`pbcyhrs, wdbb mct sugghhk. Dt ds vhry kdsoppcdmtdml, tehrhfcrh, teotteh Lcvhrm`hmt dmthmks tc gcmtdmuh rhfhrrdml phcpbh pboghk dm teh \QOL ahgoush cfo bd`dthk gopoadbdty fcr wcrn tc òdmstrho` wcrn prhporotdcm prclro``hs rotehr teom

kdrhgtby tc hxdstdml sphgdobdst sgeh`hs.4?

HWO ds o `dsshk cppcrtumdty tc dmthlroth teh osshss`hmt cf wcrn-rhbothk kdsoadbdty wdte olothwoy tc sphgdobdst suppcrt.

Gcmkdtdcmobdty

[eh dmtrckugtdcm cf gcmkdtdcmobdty omk somgtdcms wdtedm HWO wos mct aoshk upcm hvdkhmghteot gchrgdcm ds teh ahst tccb fcr fogdbdtotdml rhturm tc wcrn fcr phcpbh wdte kdsoadbdtdhs crehobte gcmkdtdcms.41Qcaust hvdkhmgh hxdsts teot secws teot teh sugghss cf obb dmthrvhmtdcmsfcr phcpbh wdte kdsoadbdtdhs omk ehobte gcmkdtdcms ds cfthm khphmkhmt, ot teh dmkdvdkuob bhvhb,cm om d`prcvh`hmt dm umkhrbydml ehobte gcmkdtdcms omk/cr h`pbcyhr wdbbdmlmhss tc rhgrudt

kdsoabhk jcashhnhrs.47

Qotehr, teh dmtrckugtdcm cf gcmkdtdcmobdty go`h frc` teh eypctehsdsteot teh dmgrhoshk muàhrs cf DA gbodòmts rhfbhgthk o gubturh cf khphmkhmgy, omk teotdmtrckugdml gc`pubsdcm tc hmlolh wdte wcrn wos rhqudrhk os o gcrrhgtdvh `hosurh.4;

Ecwhvhr, teh hsgobotdcm cf gcmkdtdcmobdty omk somgtdcms sdmgh teh dmtrckugtdcm cf HWO dm1995 eos mct ahhm hffhgtdvh dm rh`cvdml aorrdhrs tc wcrn fcr teh \QOL. Qhshorge gorrdhk

55. K\Y \crn Yrclro``h

Yrcvdkhr Ludkomgh: ettps://

www.lcv.un/lcvhrm`hmt/

puabdgotdcms/wcrn-prclro``h-

kwp-prcvdkhr-ludkomgh

54. \crn omk Yhmsdcms

Gc``dtthh, 19?;. [eh rcbh cf

Jcaghmtrh Ybus dm teh rhfcr`hk

whbforh stoth.Whgcmk rhpcrt

cf shssdcm 19?7-?;.

49. K\Y, Mcvhàhr 19?7.

\crn Gecdgh: cffdgdob stotdstdgs.

4?. K\Y, Khghàhr 19?7.

41. Aoàro, G omk W`dte, N,

19?9. Mc bcmlhr khshrvdml3

Wdgnmhss ahmhfdt rhfcr` omk

teh pcbdtdgs cf (dbb) ehobte: Grdtdgob

Yuabdg Ehobte, 19:?,


41/46

HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup ;?

cut dm 1995 tc 1994 secwhk 18 phr ghmt cf DA rhgdpdhmts hmthrdml wcrn wdtedm ?7 `cmtescf tehdr gbod`s. Gurrhmtby, teh guùbotdvh cutgc`hs fcr \QOL Jca Cutgc`hs cm teh \crnYrclro``h sdmgh 19?? stomk ot just 8 phr ghmt. Fcr phcpbh cm DA/HWO sdmgh ahfcrh 1995

teh Jca Cutgc`h roth cm teh \crn Yrclro``h ds just ?.5 phr ghmt.

[eds sullhsts hdtehr teot o gubturh cf khphmkhmgy ds sc khhpby hmtrhmgehk dm bcml-thr` DA/HWO gbodòmts teot hvhm tculehr gcmkdtdcms omk somgtdcms orh rhqudrhk tc tognbh dt, cr teotteh gubturh cf khphmkhmgy eypctehsds ds teh wrcml woy tc georogthrdsh omk okkrhss tehaorrdhrs tc wcrn cf kdsoabhk phcpbh dm teh \QOL.

[eh fdmkdmls dm teds rhvdhw dmkdgoth teot:

?. Qhghdvdml HWO kdk mct goush khfhgts dm phcpbhs ottdtukhs tcworks wcrn. [ehrhfcrhtehrh ds mc hvdkhmgh tc sullhst teot teh ush cf gc`pubsdcm tc cvhrgc`h pccr `ctdvotdcmtc wcrn wcubk ah ehbpfub.

1. [eh cmh-sdzh-fdts-obb moturh cf teh \crn Yrclro``h omk JGY shrvdghs dmgrhoshs tehrdsn teot gcmkdtdcmobdty ds oppbdhk dmkdsgrd`dmothby tc teh \QOL, wdte hvdkhmgh teot sc`hokvdshrs kdk mct gbhorby kdffhrhmtdoth ahtwhhm HWO omk JWO gbodòmts.

7. Ot o systh`dg bhvhb, teh gcmkdtdcmobdty d`pcshk cm kdsoabhk phcpbh dm teh \QOL ds vhry cfthmmct opprcprdoth, rhoscmoabh cr fodr. @crh teom eobf cf rhspcmkhmts tc teds survhy hxphrdhmghkkdffdgubtdhs dm gorrydml cut gc`pubscry ogtdvdtdhs ahgoush cf tehdr ehobte gcmkdtdcm teot whrhmhdtehr ognmcwbhklhk mcr okjusthk fcr ay \crn Yrclro``h prcvdkhrs cr JGY.

[eh \crn omk Yhmsdcms Gc``dtthh eos hxprhsshk khhp gcmghrm wdte hvdkhmgh cf tehdmopprcprdoth ush, cr terhot, cf ahmhfdt somgtdcms olodmst \crn Yrclro``h portdgdpomts.48

[eh K\Ys cwm \crn Yrclro``h hvobuotdcm sullhsts teot teh prcghsshs fcr oppbydmlgcmkdtdcmobdty omk somgtdcms kc mct yht wcrn hffhgtdvhby.46

Cm teh ctehr eomk, teh so`h hvobuotdcm fcumk teot teh quobdty cf teh dmdtdob gcmtogt wdteteh \crn Yrclro``h prcvdkhr wos o grdtdgob dmfbuhmgh cm ottdtukhs omk `ctdvotdcm cfportdgdpomts. Yortdgdpomts whrh `crh bdnhby tc hmlolh df teh okvdshr eok o lcck phrscmobòmmhr omk wos rhbdoabh omk prcogtdvh teom df tehy fhbt tehy whrh ahdml osnhk tc hmlolhdm dmopprcprdoth cr drrhbhvomt ogtdvdtdhs, cr tc hmthr umsudtoabh h`pbcy`hmt.4


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HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup;1

@cvdml furtehr owoy frc` wcrn

[eds hxphrdhmgh eos ahhm cmh cf teh `cst, df mct teh `cst kh`crobdsdml, kheuòmdsdml

hxphrdhmghs cf `y hmtdrh bdfh.

[eds rhvdhw fcumk teot:

?. Hdlet cut cf thm rhspcmkhmts rhpcrthk omxdhty oacut ahdml umoabh tc ogghss òmkotcryogtdvdtdhs omk 56 phr ghmt fhbt omxdcus oacut teh terhot cf bcsdml tehdr dmgc`h os ogcmshquhmgh.

1. [eds omxdhty ds bdnhby tc hxpbodm wey teh cvhrorgedml d`pogt cf portdgdpotdcm dm teh\QOL fcr survhy rhspcmkhmts wos kh`crobdsotdcm. Mhorby shvhm cut cf thm sodk tehdrgcmfdkhmgh oacut wcrndml eok wcrshmhk, wedbh 67 phr ghmt sodk tehy fhbt furtehr owoyfrc` ogedhvdml tehdr lcobs. Wdx cut cf ?9 fhbt tehdr ehobte gcmkdtdcm cr d`podr`hmt eokwcrshmhk os o rhsubt cf ahdml dm teh \QOL, omk 8< phr ghmt sodk tehy eok bhss shmsh

cf purpcsh dm tehdr bdvhs.

7. [ehrh ds vhry strcml hvdkhmgh teot teh gcmkdtdcmobdty omk somgtdcms rhld`h fcr teh HWO\QOL ds eovdml teh cppcsdth tc dts dmthmkhk hffhgt omk ds, dm fogt, `cvdml kdsoabhkphcpbh furtehr owoy frc` wcrn.

;. [eh terhot cf somgtdcms mhlotdvhby d`pogthk teh `hmtob whbbahdml cf fcur cut cf fdvhrhspcmkhmts tc teds survhy, `cst cf wec` eovh prh-hxdstdml ehobte gcmkdtdcms. [eds ùstah cf fumko`hmtob gcmghrm dm omy futurh h`pbcy`hmt pcbdgy khgdsdcms fcr teds lrcup.@crh rhshorge ùst ah kcmh cm ehobte cutgc`hs rhbotdml tc portdgdpotdcm dm teh \QOL,hsphgdobby ahgoush dt ds ehobte cutgc`hs, `crh teom omy ctehr fogtcr, teot d`pogts bcml-thr` h`pbcy`hmt prcsphgts.44

HWO omk teh futurh cf kdsoadbdty h`pbcy`hmt suppcrt

\ehm HWO wos dmtrckughk, shvhrob gc``hmtotcrs cm teh DA prcabh` gcmgbukhk teot tehvcbu`h cf gbodòmts gcubk cmby ah hxpbodmhk ay teh dmthrogtdcm ahtwhhm tehdr ehobte crd`podr`hmt omk teh boacur òrnht, wdte bdttbh hvdkhmgh cf o gubturh cf khphmkhmgy. ?99

[eds survhy secwhk teot, obtecule mdmh cut cf thm rhspcmkhmts gdthk tehdr ehobte crd`podr`hmt os o prhkc`dmomt aorrdhr tc wcrn, cmby ?8 phr ghmt teculet tehy gcubk mctah cf vobuh tc h`pbcyhrs. Tht cmby 8 phr ghmt cf teh \QOL goshbcok eos `cvhk dmtch`pbcy`hmt sdmgh teh dmtrckugtdcm cf teh \crn Yrclro``h dm 19??.

Os òmy stonhecbkhrs frc` wdtedm lcvhrm`hmt omk teh kdsoadbdty rdlets go`podlm`cvh`hmts òdmtodm, dbb ehobte cr kdsoadbdty ds rorhby om oascbuth castogbh tc wcrn, df wcrnds khfdmhk os prckugtdvh ogtdvdty. Qotehr, dt ds teh gc`phtdtdvh moturh cf teh boacur òrnhtteot ònhs òmy phcpbh wdte ehobte gcmkdtdcms cr d`podr`hmts hffhgtdvhby umh`pbcyoabh.

Yhcpbh dm teh \QOL fogh o gcmfusdml prhkdgo`hmt: tehy eovh ahhm tcbk teot tehy eovhbd`dthk gopoadbdty fcr wcrn, aut mct bd`dthk gopoadbdty fcr wcrn-rhbothk ogtdvdty. [ehrh dsob`cst mc hxpbomotdcm ay teh K\Y cf wehrh teds pcsdtdcms teh` dm teh boacur òrnht.[eh fdxhk kurotdcm cf teh HWO owork omk teh cabdlotdcm tc prhporh fcr wcrn d`pbdhs otrojhgtcry cf rhgcvhry. Tht teh \QOL ds mct o ec`clhmcus lrcup. Obcmlsdkh phcpbhwdte ehobte gcmkdtdcms hxphgthk tc ah secrt thr`, phcpbh wdte gercmdg gcmkdtdcms wdte mc`hkdgob bdnhbdecck cf d`prcvh`hmt cr rhgcvhry orh pboghk dm teh \QOL, os orh phcpbhwdte prclrhssdvh gcmkdtdcms teot wdbb `cvh teh` furtehr owoy frc` teh boacur òrnht wdtetd`h, mct gbcshr tc dt.

[eds kdvhrsh pcpubotdcm wdte gcmsdkhroabh umghrtodmty oacut tehdr futurh gopoadbdtdhs crh`pbcy`hmt prcsphgts prcaoaby umkhrpdms teh fdmkdmls teot o lcck òmy rhspcmkhmts whrhmct surh df tehy womthk tc wcrn, cr wehtehr tehy gcubk ah cf vobuh tc h`pbcyhrs. Dt ds tehrhfcrhd`pcssdabh tc oppby o sdmlbh sht cf gcmgbusdcms cr prhsgrdptdcms tc phcpbh dm teh \QOL.

44. Aoàro, G omk W`dte,

N, 19?9.

?99. Ahotty, G omk Fctehrldbb,

W, 19?9. Dmgopogdty ahmhfdts

dm teh XN: om dssuh cf

ehobte cr jcas3Ghmtrh fcr

Qhldcmob Hgcmc`dg omk Wcgdob

Qhshorge. Wehffdhbk Eobbo`

Xmdvhrsdty, XN.


43/46

HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup ;7

Mcmhtehbhss, teh `cst strdndml gcmgbusdcms cf teds rhvdhw cf acte \crn Yrclro``h omkJGY orh:

?. teh bogn cf vcgotdcmob trodmdml cppcrtumdtdhs fcr kdsoabhk phcpbh

1. teh fodburh tc hmlolh wdte h`pbcyhrs dm jca grhotdcm cr okoptotdcm.

Obb òjcr stukdhs cf teh fodburhs cf boacur òrnht pcbdgy tc dmgrhosh h`pbcy`hmt o`cmlkdsoabhk phcpbh olrhh teot teh XN eos fcgushk ob`cst hxgbusdvhby cm suppby-sdkhdmthrvhmtdcms, hsphgdobby cmhs teot okkrhss teh putotdvh `crob fodbdmls cf dmkdvdkuobs, wedbhmhlbhgtdml tc okkrhss khòmk frc` h`pbcyhrs.?9?Yortdguborby sdmgh teh oacbdtdcm cf tehpcst-wor h`pbcy`hmt qucto (?448), mct hmcule eos ahhm kcmh tc dmgrhosh khòmk o`cmlh`pbcyhrs fcr kdsoabhk h`pbcyhhs. Oport frc` teh Kdsoadbdty Kdsgrd`dmotdcm Ogts cf ?448omk 1998, omk teh Hquobdty Ogt 19?9, teh dmghmtdvh omk kdsdmghmtdvh hffhgts fcr h`pbcyhrseovh mct ahhm ghmtrob tc pcbdgy.?91

?9?. Aoàro, G, 1996> Bdmkshy,

G omk Ecustcm, K, 19??. Fdtfcr purpcsh3 \hbforh rhfcr`

omk geobbhmlhs fcr ehobte omk

boacur ornht pcbdgy dm teh XN:

Hmvdrcm`hmt omk Ybommdml O,

19??, vcbu`h ;7,


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HWO omk teh foth cf teh \crn-Qhbothk Ogtdvdty Lrcup;;

Qhgc``hmkotdcms

?. Gbodòmts dm teh \QOL eovh sdlmdfdgomt kdsoadbdty-rhbothk aorrdhrs tc wcrn omk mhhktc ah suppcrthk tercule o sgeh`h teot gom okkrhss tehsh aorrdhrs. [eds rhshorgesullhsts teds ds mct cggurrdml dm hdtehr teh \crn Yrclro``h cr Jcaghmtrh Ybus shrvdghs.HWO gbodòmts secubk ah pboghk cmtc o mhw omk shporoth sgeh`h dm rhgclmdtdcm cf tehfogt teot teh aorrdhrs tehy fogh orh sdlmdfdgomtby kdffhrhmt tc tecsh cf ctehr jcashhnhrs.Wuge o sgeh`h secubk ah khvdshk dm teh gcmthxt cf teh suashquhmt rhgc``hmkotdcms.

1. Ot prhshmt teh oworkdml cf HWO obb aut aors ogghss tc teh motdcmob prclro``h cfsphgdobdst kdsoadbdty h`pbcy`hmt suppcrt (\crn Gecdgh). [eh osshss`hmt prcghssfcr HWO secubk ah rhfcr`hk, tc ònh dt o lhmudmh lothwoy tc sphgdobdst kdsoadbdtyh`pbcy`hmt suppcrt fcr tecsh hdtehr wdte o lcck `hkdgob prclmcsds fcr rhgcvhryfrc` o ehobte gcmkdtdcm, cr wdte d`podr`hmts teot gom ah oggc``ckothk wdte hffhgtdvh

okjust`hmts cr ossdstomgh.

7. [eh osshss`hmt dtshbf cf suppcrt mhhks (wehtehr port cf teh \GO cr terculeom okkdtdcmob osshss`hmt) ùst ah sdlmdfdgomtby d`prcvhk. Dmfcròtdcm oacut tehdmkdvdkuobs aorrdhrs, gdrgu`stomghs omk ospdrotdcms secubk ah prcphrby osshsshk omkgc`ùmdgothk tc tecsh hxphgthk tc prcvdkh teh` wdte suppcrt.

;. HWO ds o `dsshk cppcrtumdty tc dmthlroth teh osshss`hmt cf mhhks dm teh \GO wdtehxdstdml suppcrt sgeh`hs bdnh Ogghss tc \crn. O rhfcr`hk osshss`hmt omk suppcrtprcghss secubk obsc ah dmthlrothk wdte Ogghss tc \crn tc hmsurh phcpbh gom ogghss

obb teh suppcrt tehy mhhk tc lht dmtc omk stoy dm wcrn. Fcbbcwdml teh rhgc``hmkotdcmscf teh Woygh Qhvdhw, Ogghss tc \crn secubk ah hxpomkhk, prc`cthk omk oworkhktc kdsoabhk jcashhnhrs cm o pcrtoabh aosds.?97 Fcr phcpbh wecsh d`podr`hmt gom ahrhkughk cr hbd`dmothk ay hqudp`hmt cr okoptotdcms, teh oworkdml cf suppcrt pognolhstc tecsh shhndml h`pbcy`hmt, rotehr teom obrhoky dm wcrn, wcubk ah eulhby pcpuboromk prcaoaby gcst hffhgtdvh. Ecwhvhr, dt secubk obsc ah hmsurhk teot edle quobdty,sphgdobdst suppcrt ds ovodboabh tc phcpbh wec mhhk dt ahgoush cf tehdr kdsoadbdty cr dbbmhss,rhlorkbhss cf wehtehr tehy orh cm HWO tc lht dmtc omk stoy dm wcrn.

8. H`pbcyhrs secubk ah hmgcurolhk tc wdkhm jca cppcrtumdtdhs fcr kdsoabhk phcpbh aycffhrdml fbhxdabh wcrndml td`hs, wcrndml frc` ec`h, grhotdml jcas dmvcbvdml fhwhr teom?6 ecurs phr whhn, omk cffhrdml teh cppcrtumdty cf o jca trdob dmsthok cf om dmthrvdhw.[ehsh `hosurhs obb rhqudrh h`pbcyhrs mct just tc okopt wcrndml omk rhgrudt`hmtprogtdghs, aut obsc tc ogtdvhby grhoth jca cppcrtumdtdhs fcr teh borlh prcpcrtdcm cfkdsoabhk phcpbh gurrhmtby hxgbukhk frc` teh boacur òrnht. @omy h`pbcyhrs fhor teotkdsoabhk phcpbhs h`pbcy`hmt suppcrt mhhks orh lhmhrobby gcstby omk aurkhmsc`h,rhqudrdml hxthmsdvh wcrnpbogh okjust`hmts, aut hvdkhmgh frc` kdsoabhk phcpbh sullhststeot `cst mhhks orh bcw gcst, suge os wcrndml ecurs fbhxdadbdty. ?9; O borlh òjcrdty cfrhspcmkhmts tc teds survhy sodk teot fbhxdabh wcrndml td`hs omk wcrndml frc` ec`h,secrthr wcrndml ecurs omk jca trdobs dmsthok cf dmthrvdhw wcubk hmoabh teh` tc wcrn.

6. Hmlolh`hmt wdte h`pbcyhrs dm jca okoptotdcm omk grhotdcm ds teh nhy tc pbogdml kdsoabhkphcpbh dm sudtoabh omk sustodmoabh jcas. Bcgobby gc``dssdcmhk shrvdghs wdtedm bcgob

outecrdtdhs cr teh MEW (suge os teh Dmkdvdkuob Ybogh`hmt omk Wuppcrt `ckhb) orh cfthm`crh sugghssfub teom motdcmob sgeh`hs fcr teds rhoscm. Wuge shrvdghs orh obsc ahtthrpboghk tc hmsurh teot h`pbcy`hmt suppcrt ds dmthlrothk wdte, omk gc`pbh`hmtorytc, ctehr ehobte omk scgdob gorh suppcrt teh phrscm ds rhghdvdml. Futurh kdsoadbdtyh`pbcy`hmt suppcrt pcbdgdhs secubk shhn tc rhaobomgh motdcmob dm fovcur cf bcgobgc``dssdcmdml cf shrvdghs. H`pbcy`hmt suppcrt fcr kdsoabhk phcpbh secubk ah tdhk dmtc


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fulfilling potential? esa and the fate of the work-related activity group

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