FULLFILMENT OF PHYTOSANITORY

REQURMENTS FOR

STORED PESTS

Champika Hewage

Head, Entomology Division

National Plant Quarantine Service

Katunayake

THE INTERNATIONAL PLANT PROTECTION

CONVENTION (IPPC)

The purpose of the IPPC is

to secure common and effective action to prevent the spread and introduction of pests of plants and plant products, and to promote appropriate measures for their control

The IPPC provides

• A framework and a forum for international cooperation

• Harmonization and technical exchange between contracting parties dedicated to these goals

• It involves to the collaboration of national plant protection organizations (NPPOs) and regional plant protection organizations (RPPOs)

Phytosanitary measures

• Phytosanitary measures are legislation, regulation or official procedure having the purpose to prevent the introduction and/or spread of pests.

• 1990s IPPC and the NPPOs started the work of formulating International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM)

• Therefore ISPM can apply in the phytosanitorycertification

Relevant ISPMs for quarantine certification

ISPM No Year of publication

Title

ISPM 1 1995 Principles of plant quarantine as related to international trade

ISPM 5 1999 Glossary of phytosanitary terms

ISPM 7 1997 Export certification system

ISPM 9 1998 Guidelines for pest eradication programmes

ISPM 10 1999 Requirements for the establishment of pest free places of production and pest free production sites

ISPM 12 2001 Guidelines for phytosanitarycertificates

National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO)

• NPPO is an official service of established by a government to discharge the functions specified by the IPPC

• The NPPO of the exporting country has the sole authority to undertake phytosanitary certification

• Therefore National plant Quarantine Service (NPQS) is the responsible official organization of Sri Lanka to discharge the functions specified by the IPPC

National Plant Quarantine ServiceKatunayake

Organization of NPQS

Director General of Agriculture(Department of Agriculture)

Director (Seed Certification and Plant protection)

Deputy Director (National Plant Quarantine Service)

PQS, Seaport

PQS, Airport

PQS, Gannoruwa

Divisions of NPQS

NPQS

Plant Quarantine Operation Division

Entomology and Nematology Division

Plant Pathology Division

Weed Science Division

Plant Quarantine Treatment Division

Responsibilities of NPQS

• Coordination and supervision of the activities of entry points

• Export and import inspection, sampling and testing of plants and plant products

• Detection and identification of plant pests

• Pest surveillance

• Performance of plant quarantine treatments

• Establishing and maintaining a record-keeping system

Factors to be conceded in Phytosanitorycertification

• Fulfillment of the provisions of IPPC

• Phytosanitory requirement of importing country

• Phytosanitory condition of exporting country

• Requirement of the buyer’s

• Quality and quantity of the export product

• Pest and disease free healthy export product

Types of export stored products

• Coir and coir products

• Cereals and cereal products

• Seeds and nuts

• Spices

• Oilseed cakes

• Dried fruits and tea

Common insect pests in stored products

Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium)

• The larvae are serious pests of oilseeds, damaged cereals

• Without food, diapausing larvae may survive about 9 months; with food, they may live for 6 years

• Massive populations of the insectmay develop

• Grain stocks can be almost completely destroyed

• Infestations are well known in large-scale stores

• Damage to seeds: external feedingAdult and larva on wheat

Adult

Rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae)

• One of the most destructive primary pests of stored cereals such as maize, rice and wheat

• Eggs, larvae and pupae are develop inside the intact grains

• Not breed in noncereal foods

• It can attack cereal plants in the fields

• Damage to Seeds: internal feeding.

Adult, larva and pupa of Rice weevil

Sawtooth grain beetle(Oryzaephilus surinamensis)

• common secondary pest of cereals and cereal products

• found on copra, spices, nuts, dried fruit and common on brown rice and rice bran

• Infestations by these pests can lead to quality deterioration of the product

• Damage to Seeds: external fee

Cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne)

• Larvae is a serious pest of high-value commodities e.g. cocoa, tobacco and tobacco products, cinnamon , nutmeg ,and processed foods

• also a minor pest on a wide range of commodities

• The adult is an active flier, especially in the late afternoon and evening

• Damaged to Leaves, Roots, Seeds: internal feeding.

Red Flour Beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

• Hosts of T. castaneum include cereals, millet, wheat bran, flour, grain spillage, broken grains, grain products, mixed feeds, beans, peas, lentils, seed, soybean meal, dried fruit, arecanuts, oilseed cakes

• Both larvae and adult damage to the host

• Adults fly in large numbers in the late afternoon

• Damage to fruits/pods and Vegetative organs: internal feeding.

Control of stored pests

• Good store hygiene plays an important role in limiting infestation

• Sanitation is important to reduce the initial pest population and prevent development of any insect pests in the products

• The pest population should be monitored

• Frequent sample should be tested for pests

Conditions of the warehouse

• Should be located in proper place

• Fine finish in Inside the warehouse

• No cracks and crevices

• Proper partition to store different items and separate place to store used items

• Windows and other ventilation holes should be covered with insect proof nets and apply doubled door system

• Improve proper facility for cleaning

Before bringing a new products into store

• Remove infested material

• Clean the storage structure

• Brush away all traces of spilled grain, dust, etc.

• Remove dust from handling equipment and machinery

• Disinfect sacks and baskets by sunning or chemical treatment

• All the cracks and crevices should be filled

• Disinfect the inside of the store

• Store good quality products

After introducing the products into stores

• Monitor the pest populations using commercially available pheromone traps

• Hang yellow sticky traps surrounding the stored products

• Do not mix with new product with old

• Old material that must be kept after fumigation

• Different products should not store in same place

• Regular cleaning system should be applied

• Apply chemical control or fumigation if needed

Export inspection procedure for phytosanitory certification

• It is depend on the type of phytosanitorycertificate needed

• If you need normal phytosanitory certificate You can get it from entry point (Air Port/Seaport) after producing your consignment to the PQ officers at entry point

• But if you want to have phytosanitory certificate with additional declarations you should have to get a test report from NPQS and then apply for the phytosanitory certificate from entry point

Procedure for phytosanitory certification with additional declarations

• Request for the testing of additional declarations which you need to DD, NPQS

• Arrange a date of inspection with the NPQS officials

• Officers of the NPQS will inspect and collect the samples from the export consignment

• Collected samples are subjected to laboratory testing and issue a test report

• NPQS directly send the test reports to the relevant entry points

Factors to be considered in inspection of the export consignment

• Exporter should arrange transport to the officer

• Exporter should facilitate to Inspect whole consignment

• Export inspection should be done after application of treatments

• If the tested samples contaminated the officials will inform to the exporter

• NPQS provides this service free of charge

Thank you