fuel oil a refiners outlook a student presentation for class-vii by shagufta shaheen
TRANSCRIPT
Fuel Oil A Refiner’s outlook
A student presentationFor class-VIIByShagufta shaheen
• Overview• History of Use• What Is Crude Oil?• Concentration of Oil• Oil Refining• Where is the oil?• How long will it last?• What role do chemical
engineers play?
Overview
THE PURPOSE OF AN OIL REFINERY IS TO TRANSFORM RELATIVELY LOW VALUE CRUDE OIL INTO HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS AS EFFICIENTLY, PROFITABLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND A WAY AS POSSIBLE
History of Use
• 1000 A.D. Arab scientists discovered distillation and were able to make kerosene. This was lost after the 12th century!
• Rediscovered by a Canadian geologist called Abraham Gesner in 1852
Abraham Gesner (1797-1864)
History of Use
• 1858: first oil drilled in Canada
• 1859: Edwin Drake!
• Who is he? – He was the first person in the U.S. to drill for
oil
• Where? – Titusville, Pennsylvania
What Is Crude Oil?
• Crude Oil is a liquid mixture of thousands of organic chemicals found underground. It is the result of organic matter decaying over thousands of years; hence the name fossil fuel
• Crude oil is found all over the world and varies tremendously in its density, aromatics, sulfur, and metals content
Source of Oil
• What do we need?
- Source rock
- Reservoir rock
- Cap Rock
- Traps
Oil Refining
• Method by which crude oil converted to petroleum products– (I think that a barrel (42 gal—
produces 44 gal of petroleum products)
• Distillation (fractionation)– At high temperature the lightest
fractions rise to the top of a tower, heavier fractions condense at bottom
Typical Fuels Refinery
Naphthas
Distillates
Gas Oils
Residual (0 - 40%)
Residual (0 - 40%)
PLPG
Crude Oil
Crude Oil Distillation
NaphthaNaphtha
DistillatesDistillates
Gas OilsGas Oils
Residual (0 - 40%)
LPGLPG
Crude Oil Crude Oil
Crude Oil Distillation
LPG LPG
Jet Fuel / KeroJet Fuel / Kero
GasolineGasoline
Diesel / Heating Oils
Diesel / Heating Oils
Bunker/Fuel Oils Bunker/Fuel Oils
Misc. Products Coke (carbon) Sulfur
Misc. Products Coke (carbon) Sulfur
FurtherRefining
FurtherRefining
Oil Refining
• Typical Oil– Gasoline C4 to C10
27%
– Kerosene C11 to C13
13%
– Diesel C14 to C18
12%
– Heavy gas oil C19 to C25
10%
– Lubricating oil C26-C40
20%
– Residue >C40
18%
Oil Refining
• What we get out of oil now with modern refineries:– 50% gas– 30% fuel oil– 7.5% jet fuel
Where is the oilfound?
World Oil Reserves, Jan 2007Oil and Gas Journal, includes tar sands in Canada
0100200300400500600700800
North America
Central/South America
Europe
Eurasia
Middle East
AfricaAsia and Oceania
Bil
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ls
How long will it last?
• Quick Calculation. According to the previous graph we use about 72 million barrels per day. Oil reserves are 1201.332 billion barrels.
• This equates to approximately 45 years of oil!
How long will it last?
What Role Do Chemical Engineers Play?
• Operations Engineer• Maintenance Engineer• Control Systems
Engineer• Design Engineer• Health/Safety/
Environmental Engineer• Planning / Scheduling
Engineer• Reliability Engineer• Plant Manager
Other Ways Chemical Engineers Support The Refining Industry
• Research & Development Engineers
• Technical Sales Engineers
• Engineering & Construction Engineers
• Governmental Regulators (EPA)
• University Professors