TECHNOLOG SERVICES

28/09/2015

• Martin Melzer

FUEL EFFICIENCY IN MODERN RESEARCH

ICEBREAKER DESIGN

TECHNOLOG SERVICES

28/09/2015215TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY

• Motivation and Introduction

• Fuel Efficiency in modern Cargo Ship Design

• About Research Icebreakers

• Striving for Fuel Efficiency in Research Icebreaker Design

Agenda

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28/09/2015315TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY

Motivation

Starting Situation Fuel Efficiency

• Heavy Lightship

• Electric Propulsion

• No Bulbeous Bow

• Hullform resembling a brick

• CPP

• CPP designed for low URN

• CPP with very high Ice classes

• Comparable Small Propeller Diameter because of Ice Floes

• No PID possible

• Speed loss occurs early

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28/09/2015415TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY

Short Introduction TLS

• Project Management

• Plan Approvals

• Construction Supervision

• Building advice to Yards

• Retrofits and Conversions

• Warranty Services

• Feasibility Studies

• Concept Development

• Energy Management and Optimization

• Tender Documents/ Bid Evaluation

• Basic Design with Classification

• Detail Design

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28/09/2015515TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY

Fuel Efficiency in modern Cargo Ship

Design

– Engine selection• Stroke, Revolutions …

– Propeller Efficiency and PIDs

– Electric Power Generation & Distribution

– Waste Heat Recovery

– Hullform• Parametric Optimisation, Wake Field Studies …

– Dual Fuel

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28/09/2015615TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY

Tayloring of design

0 5 10 15 20

Effe

ctive

Po

we

r [k

W]

Ship Speed [knots]

T=12m PE(A) T=12m PE(B) T=14m PE(A) T=14m PE(B)

Utilise Data from Fleet

• Specific Route

• Specific Leg

– Speed, Weather

– Draught

– Trim

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28/09/2015715TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY

About Research

Icebreakers

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28/09/2015815TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY

• 1 Ship in a Fleet

About Research Icebreakers

• 2 Primary Roles

– Logistics

– Science

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28/09/2015915TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY

Science at sea

Acoustic

Survey

Towing

Stationkeeping

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28/09/20151015TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY

• 2 Primary Roles

– Logistics

– Science

Supplying Antarctic Stations

Non Bulk

Bulk in casks

Container

Vehicles

Personnel

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STRIVING FOR FUEL EFFICIENCY IN RESEARCH ICEBREAKER DESIGN

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28/09/20151215TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY

DPIce breaking

light conditions

Towing

Accoustic survey

Transit at 13 knots

Harbour

Cargo transfer

In refit

other

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Tim

e [

%]

Sp

eci

fic

Po

we

r C

on

sum

pti

on

[%

]

Po

we

r [k

W]

Speed [knots]

Proportion of Time [%] Specific Work [%] Delivered Propulsion Power per operating condition [kW] Critical Values

Operational Profile of

Research Icebreakers

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28/09/20151315TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY

• Right Sizing of Power Plant

– Balancing Icebreaking Performance with Open Water and Seakeeping

• Optimizing Internal Arrangements for

– Reduced Voluntary Speed Loss

– Improve Cargo Handling where possible (Time at Shelf)

– Trim and Deadweight Distribution

To Do List: Efficiency

• Make Decisions !

• Accept the Rest !

You need CPP, Electric Propulsion etc.

SEAKEEPING

Check

Open Water

Optimize

Ice Breaking

Optimize

Station

Keeping

ObservePropeller

Preliminary/

Empirical

Experience

Voyage

Scenario

Understand

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28/09/20151415TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY

Seakeeping

0,00

0,01

0,02

0,03

0,04

0,05

180° (head

sea)

165°

150°

135° (bow

quart.)

120°

105°

90° (beam

sea)

75°

60°

45° (stern

quart.)

30°

15°

0° (follow

sea)

15°

30°

45° (stern

quart.)

60°

75°

90° (beam

sea)

105°

120°

135° (bow

quart.)

150°

165°

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

180°

(headsea)

165°

150°

135°

(bow

quart.)

120°

105°

90°

(beam

sea)

75°

60°

45°

(sternquart.)

30°

15°

0°

(follow

sea)

15°

30°

45°

(sternquart.)

60°

75°

90°

(beam

sea)

105°

120°

135°

(bow

quart.)

150°

165°

• Strip Method

• Identifying severe risks

• Empirical Corrections

• Several Loops

• Mass of POI to check

• Often Owners request standard

Criteria e.g. Nordforsk or STANAG

� Hard to achieve for an Icebreaker

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28/09/20151515TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY

• CFD

• Approaching Resistance

• Identifying severe risks

• Empirical Corrections

• Several Loops

Open water optimisation

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Section A

rea

Section Areas

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28/09/20151615TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY

Icebreaking Resistance

���� � �� �� � �, ���� � ��� �, ��

Formula for semi empirical resistance in ice acc. to Lindquist

Definitions taken from lecture notes NTNU, Riska

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28/09/20151715TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY

• Timeline forbids to involve too many parties in the development

• Important Design Parameters (Deadweight, Geometrics) are far from

beeing fixed

• Up-front investments are often not accepted

• Customers expect high level of accuracy for their individual operational

profiles

Conclusuion

• Convincing Ships are taylored � rules out development of parent design

• Convincing Ships are balanced � It is not the Mastery of one discipline that

leads to success

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28/09/20151815TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION