3931-49 :

eulav gnitaeh dna ytisned evitaleR

3931-49 :

noitallitsiD

3931-49 :

noitallitsiD

3931-49 :

tniop hsalF erusserp ropaV

3931-49 :

erutarepmeT noitingI-suoenatnopS

3931-49 :

)C( erutarepmet noitingiotuA )C( tniop hsalF 642 34-

012 26>

012 06>

022 27-83

3931-49 :

ytisocsiV

3931-49 :

)1(

3931-49 :

)2(

3931-49 :

enignE )RFC( hcraeseR leuF evitarepooC

3931-49 :

rebmun enatcO

)kconk(

. rebmun enatcO

)NOR( rebmun enatco hcraeseR

)NOM( rebmun enatco rotoM

xedni enatcO

ytivitisnes enatcO

3931-49 :

3931-49 :

3931-49 :

sedarg lio leuF

9831-09

3931-49 :

noitacifissalc leuf teJ noitaivA

3931-49 :

noitacifissalC leuF leseiD

3931-49 :

sleuF eniraM) 1(

3931-49 :

sleuF eniraM) 2(

3931-49 :

noitamrof laoC

3931-49 :

sepyt laoC

3931-49 :

: 94-1393

(1)

[C]coal + O2 CO2

2[C]coal + O2 2 CO

[C]coal + CO2 2CO

[C]coal + 2H2 CH4

[C]coal + H2O CO + H2

CO+H2O CO2 + H2

CO + 3H2 CH4 + H2 O

3931-49 :

)2(

3931-49 :

)3(

: 94-1393

Gasification & Gas cleaning

FT synthesis

FT product separation and

upgrading

Electric power generation

Coal Oxygen/steam Iron catalyst

H2+CO syngas

steam

Sulfur, Mercury, CO2 and ash

Electricity

Water And oxygenates

Ultra-clean Liquid fuels & chemical Feedstocks

CxHy Liquid & wax

steam Tail gas

3931-49 :

hcsporT-rehcsiF

3931-49 :

)GNL( saG larutaN deifeuqiL

3931-49 :

3931-49 :

3931-49 :

noitsubmoC

OC2+2OC2O2+C3

noitacifisaG

OC+2HO2H+C

noitcaer tfihs sag-retaW

2H+2OCO2H+OC

: 94-1393

Steam reforming Methane

CH4+H2O 3H2+CO (H298K= +97,400 Btu/lb)

General hydrocarbon CnHm+nH2O (n+m/2)H2+nCO

Reactions of carbon with steam CH4 2H2+C C+H2O H2+CO

Water-gas shift reaction CO+H2OCO2+H2 (H298K= -16,500 Btu/lb)

Partial Oxidation (POx)

2CH4+O2 4H2+2CO (H298K= -10,195 Btu/lb)

3931-49 :

srotcaer )T-F( hcsporT-rehcsiF

3931-49 :

snoitcaer )T-F( hcsporT-rehcsiF

: 94-1393

DME (Dimethyl Ether)

Coal

Natural Gas

Organic Waste H2+CO

Biomass

Gas

ific

atio

n

Wind Hydro Solar Wave

Nuclear

Elec

tric

ity

Water electrolysis

H2

DME

+CO

2

CO2 capture

: 94-1393

Property (unit/condition) DME Diesel fuel

Chemical formula CH3-O-CH3

Mole weight (g) 46.07 170

Boiling point (C) -24.9 180360

Liquid density (g/cm3) 0.668 0.84

Liquid viscosity (cP) 0.15 4.4-5.4

Low heat value (MJ/kg) 28.43 42.5

Ignition temperature (C) 235 250

Cetane number 55-60 40-55

Stoichiometric air/fuel ratio (kg/kg) 9.0 14.6

%wt of carbon 52.2 86

%wt of hydrogen 13.0 14

% wt of oxygen 34.8 0

: 94-1393

H

Natural gas

Renewable electrolysis

Coal gasification

Renewable liquid reforming

Nuclear high temperature electrolysis

Photobiological

H

Compressed Hydrogen

Cryogenic liquid

Chemical storage in metal hydrates

3931-49 :

3931-49 :

: 94-1393

Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis Biomass Condensation

Char

Vapor

Combustion

Catalytic conversion to Hydrogen (Optional)

Liquids

Pow

er generatio

n o

r ch

em

ical sep

aration

Gases (H2, CO, CH4, C2H2, C2H4)

Heat

: 94-1393

Anaerobic digestion

Carbohydrates

Fats

Proteins

Sugars

Fatty Acids

Amino Acids

Carbon acids alcohols

Hydrogen Carbon Dioxide

Ammonia Acid acetic

Carbon dioxide hydrogen

Meth

ane

Carb

on

dio

xide

3931-49 :

sagoib

3931-49 :

yreniferoiB

3931-49 :

3931-49 :

3931-49 :