fuel cells ppt 2103
TRANSCRIPT
8/3/2019 Fuel Cells Ppt 2103
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Hydrogen Fuel CellsApril 5, 2004
Gary Flomenhoft,BSME, MAPP, CEE
Research AssociateGund Institute, SNR
Owner:InnEVations.com
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ENER GY STOR AGE
Performance of Energy Storage Systems
Fuel Specific Energy
Wh/kg
Gasoline 12,300
Natural gas 9,300
Hydrogen 33,000
Lead-acid battery 30
Advanced Lead Acid 48
Gasoline:C8H18
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ENER GY STOR AGE
Performance of Advanced EV Battery SystemsEnergy Density
Wh/kg
Power Density
W/kg
Life
Cycles
Lead-acid battery 30 150 300
Advanced Lead Acid 48 150 800
GM Ovonic nickel metalhydride
70 220 >600
SAFT nickel metal hydride 70 150 1,500
SAFT lithium ion 120 230 600
Lithium polymer 150 350 <600
Evercel Nickel-zinc 60 255 500
Zinc-Air 160-220 low ?
Composite Flywheels 120
Supercapacitors
Source:
USABC
and others
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SOURCE:
ELECTRIC
STORAGE
ASSOC.
LITHIUM-ION BATTER Y
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COMPOSITE FLYWHEELS
SOUR CE:
ELECTR IC
STOR AGE
ASSOC.
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SUPER CAPACITOR S
SOURCE:
ELECTRIC
STORAGE
ASSOC.
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ZINC-AIR FUEL CELL
SOURCE:
ELECTRIC
STORAGE
ASSOC.
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SOURCE:
METALLIC
POWER.COM
MECHANICALRECHAR GE
ZINC-AIR FUEL CELL
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SOURCE:
ELECTRIC
STORAGEASSOC.
ENER GY DENSITY BY WEIGHT AND VOLUME
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Passenger car emissions reduction HC CO NOx
TLEV- Transitional Low-EmissionVehicle
50% NR NR
LEV- Low-Emission Vehicle 70% NR 50%
ULEV- Ultra-Low-Emission
Vehicle (50% cleaner than the average new2003 model year vehicle. )
85% 50% 50%
SULEV- Super-Ultra-Low-Emission
Vehicle (90% cleaner than 2003 average)
96% 70% 95%
PZEV-Partial Zero-Emission-
Vehicle
96% 70% 95%
SULEV & 15 year/150K mile
warranty and 0 evaporative emissions.
AT PZEV-Advanced Technology
PZEV (CNG, hybrid-electric,
methanol, fuel cell)
96% 70% 95%PZEV & and include advanced
technology components.
ZEV-Zero-Emission Vehicles (98%
cleaner than the average new 2003 model year vehicle.)100% 100% 100%
CAR B DEFINITIONS
C
L
EA
N
ER
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What is a Fuel Cell Vehicle?
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FUEL CELLVEHICLES-2004 FOR D
The Ford Focus FCV fuel cell system is efficient,
quiet, and produces zero emissions. Ford has
announced plans to have a three yeardemonstration program of 5-10 fleet vehicles in
Vancouver, Canada in 2004.
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FUEL CELLVEHICLES-2003 Honda
Honda is delivering a family of new FCX fuel-
cell vehicles to its first customer, the city of Los
Angeles. Honda plans to lease approximately
30 fuel-cell cars in California and Japanduring the next several years. The fuel-cell
itself is propelled by electricity generated by a
hydrogen-oxygen chemical reaction²and its
only emission, remarkably, is water vapor.
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FUEL CELLVEHICLES-2003 TOYOTA
Its only exhaust is water vapor. Its
secret? A hydrogen fuel cell that
harnesses the electricity of separated
atoms and molecules as they strive to be
electrically balanced. Developed entirely
in-house, FCHV-4 shows Toyota on the
leading edge of fuel-cell technology.
(NOT
AVAILABLE)
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FUEL CELLVEHICLES-NISSAN
X-TR AIL FCV
Nissan is actively developing fuel cell
vehicles (FCVs) that have low
environmental impact and save energy.
Commercialization is scheduled for
2003.(?????)
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FUEL CELLVEHICLES-GM
The Hy-wire has no internal
combustion engine, instrument
panel, brake or accelerator
pedals ± but it does have
ample power supplied by a
GM fuel cell that runs on
hydrogen.
PROTOTYPE
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FUEL CELLVEHICLES-DAIM/CHR YSLER
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FUEL CELLVEHICLES-DAIM/CHR YSLER
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FUEL CELLVEHICLES-HYUNDAI
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HYDR OGEN FUEL CELL OPER ATION
SOURCE:
Schatz Energy Lab
Humboldt State U.
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PEM HYDR OGEN FUEL CELLS
SOURCE:
Schatz Energy Lab
Humboldt State U.
PEM= Proton Exchange Membrane (³Nafion´tm)
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SOME SURPR ISING FACTS ABOUT HYDR OGEN
A) HYDR OGEN STORES & TR ANSPOR TS
ENER GY. A CARR IER NOT A SOUR CE.
A) BATTER IES
Where does hydrogen come from?Fossil: nat gas, propane, gasoline, methanol
Renewable: electric wind, solar, etc. electrolyze water Methane (CH4), methanol(CH3OH), ammonia(NH3?)
Q1) IS HYDR OGENA revolutionary NEW
ENER GY SOUR CE?
Q2) WHICH IS MORE EFFICIENT, FUELCELL OR BATTER IES?
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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
oil (gasoline) -> IC engine 15%
H2 Fuel Cell Efficiency
BATTER YPOWERED ELECTR ICVEHICLE
Oil-> power plant -> electricity ~=45%
transmission~=80%
batter y charging ~=80%
electric drive system ~=80%
.45 x .8 x .8 x .8 = 23%
FUEL CELLPOWERED ELECTR ICVEHICLE
Oil-> power plant-> electricity~=45%
electricity transmission ~=80%
H2 electrolyzer max efficiency ~=70%
H2 fuel cell max efficiency ~=50%
Electric drive system ~=80%
.45 x .8 x .7 x .5 x .8 = 10%
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SOLAR FUEL CELLS ?
SOURCE:
Schatz
Energy Lab
Humboldt
State U.
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