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Fuel Cells Development in Eastern Germany

Options for Biogenous GasesDr. Georg Wagener-Lohse, Centre for Energy Technology Brandenburg

co-operative

What is going on in Germany – roughly speaking

Examples from Mecklenburg, Saxony-Anhalt and Saxony

Fuel Cell for Biogas in Potsdam Bornim

A proposal for the 3rd FP6 call

Some information on CEBra

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Developments are going on in the fields of portable, stationary and mobile fuel cells.

Most Technologies (PEMFC, DMFC, SOFC, MCFC) play a role in R&D work.

Scientific institutes and companies are work-ing in close collaboration.

Several Bundesländer have formed networks to coordinate their developments.

Market actors in the Eastern Bundesländer have founded a network “AFG” under the leadership of co-ordinators and FEE recently.

roughly speaking

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ZBT – Centre for FC Technology Duisburg

IZES – Institute for Future Energy Systems, Saarbrücken

ZSW – Centre for Solar and Hydrogen Research, StuttgartDaimler-Chrysler

ISE – Institute for Solar Technology, Freiburg

TGZ – Technology and Start-Up Centre, GlaubitzIKTS – Institute for Ceramics, Dresden

Clean Energy Project, Vattenfall Europe, Berlin

HIAT – Hydrogen Institute for Applied Technology, Schwerin

Vaillant, Remscheid

Start-Up companies, Munich

the race is on

MTU, Friedrichshafen

Biogas based fuel cells, ATB, Potsdam

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all in one boat

W TI e.V.

3.4 Mio. 2.6 Mio. 1.8 Mio. 4.5 Mio. 2.7 Mio. 2.5 Mio.

Members of the working and research community AFG

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In recent years several associations for the promotion of the “hydrogen society” have been formed.

On the initiative of Prof. Garche, ZSW, and the world fuel cell council all parties met in Ulm on March 26th for the foundation of an informal platform to define a German roadmap within the EU Hydrogen networking activities.

AFG took part in most of the working groups for industrial, home and mobile applications.

Brandenburg has a considerable interest to promote all biomass related applications (solid, liquid, gaseous).

European programs like EIE, 6FP or PHARE should form the basis for future cooperation.

German Associations for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Started to Prepare Roadmap

target oriented

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Different projects before or in pilot phase

Limited range of unique developments for main components

Core competence mostly in the US and Canada

Ready configured FC-appliances

Regional, national, global market with strong dynamic

Annual needs in Germany for reconstruction 400,000 and for new applications 300,000 units,expected market share 15,000

Need for stand alone solutions, APU, combinations

market development

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high tech

High Pressure Tank

DeepC

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Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)

T = 70 - 90 °C

Anode Cathode

Bipolar plates(current collector + distributor forreactants)

PEM(200 m)

Diffusion Layers(100 m)

Catalytically Active Layers (10 m)

H+

CH3OH/H2O

CH3OH/H2O/CO2 Air / H2O

Air (O2/N2)

e- e-

CO2 H2O

T = 70 - 90 °C

Anode Cathode

Bipolar plates(current collector + distributor forreactants)

PEM(200 m)

Diffusion Layers(100 m)

Catalytically Active Layers (10 m)

H+

CH3OH/H2O

CH3OH/H2O/CO2 Air / H2O

Air (O2/N2)

e- e-

CO2 H2O

Collaborations: ZSW, Ulm: Membrane-electrode-assemblies (MEA) ICTP, Prague: Combination with electromembrane reactor Prof. Tobiska, Uni Magdeburg: Simulation of fluid dynamics Prof. Scott, Uni Newcastle: Exchange of experiences

Miniplant at MPI

basic research

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BMBF Joint Research Project: Uni Magdeburg: 2D/3D-Modelling of MCFC MPI-Magdeburg: Process Control Uni Bayreuth: Numerical Mathematics IPF-Berndt: MCFC-operation MTU-Friedrichshafen: MCFC-manufacture

„Hot Module“ at Uni Hospital Magdeburg

Simulated Step Response of Temperatures

simulation

cellI

3.0

45.0

1.0

cellI

3.0

45.0

1.0

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Fuelcell

Reformer

Bought fromenergy partners USA

built 19955 kWel Compact stack

Own development ofs&r Berlinbuilt 2001

4 kWel, Intelligent Stack(integrated Sensors)

1998: Volume 2.7 m3

5.2 m3/h H2 for FC 5 kWel

2002: Volume 1.2 m3

4.4 m3/h H2 for FC 4 kWel

1995/1998 2003

self made

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Components: Blower, AC/DC inverter, heat exchanger, pumps,humidifier, cooling water, catalysts, automatic control...

PEM-Fuelcell-ModuleReformer-Module

Integrated PEMFC-System

well developed

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hard work

PEMFC- Stack

surfaceburner

Integrated reformer

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Vaillant, Germany Fair ISH 2003 4.5 kWel, PEMFC

American Power Corp. 3 kWel PEMFC

Sulzer Hexis, Swiss1 kWel, 1000°C

SOFC

Strategic Decision: technological dependent or interrelated own production

Competitors

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Ste

am

pro

du

ctio

nR

efo

rmer

CO-conversion and minimization

HT LT SelOx

Multi fuelpore burner

water

air

Des

ulf

uru

zati

on

Nat. gas

compressor humidifier

Residual gas recycling

Storage tank/Heat sink

AC

/DC

-In

vert

er

con

dit

ion

ing

Fu

el C

ell

Sta

ck

schematic

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Basic innovation in decentralized energy production

Develop core competences in Germany (stack, reformer, peripheral parts)

Innovative push by interrelated development of components

Cooperative development of SME´s with R&D institutions

Customer oriented adapted appliances High job creation potential (10 plants one job)

Benefits of interrelated own production

manifold

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renewable

The growing use of Bioenergy is one of the objectives of Brandenburg’s Energy Strategy 2010

The Agro-Technology Institute Potsdam-Bornim is working on Fuel Cells utilizing Biogas

1 kW Test facility with S&R Fuel Cell

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interrelated

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promising

The influence of CH4-content is low at low power densities (0.2 W/cm²)

A high difference in single cell performance was found

Max. H2 yield is reached under partial load

Steam reformer Results functional tests

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Catalysts,Desulfurization

Heatexchangerhumidification

Burner devlpmnt.and production

Material-optimization

Automationcontrol

Construction,engineering

Stack-production

Air supply, blower

Forming,casting

AC/DC-Inverter

Modular combinations

adapted supply solutions

much to do, together

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€/kWel

Vol./kWel

30 Mio.€ 30 Mio.€

demoplants(exclusive market)

transfer market

36 T€

2,0 m3

2003

21.6 T€

1.2 m3

2007

1 T€

0.2 m3

2010No. of appl. 5 150 ca. 15.000

Fin. needs of SME´s

5 Mio.€

good perspectives

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a fully designed concept to demonstrate hydrogen production from surplus wind energy between Berlin and Hamburg

A regional utility in East Germany being keen on proving its contri-bution to grid integration of wind power

East German SME’s integrating their technology developments for sustainable transport

Integration to the first approach of German light-house project on large scale hydrogen infrastructure

Electrolyser

Compressor

H2 - Storage

Fuel cell

2nd Phase

Motor - Generator1st Phase

Gridintegration

strong offer

Regenerative

Energy Plant

FillingStation

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thank you !

hope to get in touch soon…

Centre for Energy Technology Brandenburg GmbH

Friedlieb-Runge-Straße 3, 03046 Cottbus, gewalo@yahoo.de

Economist Silke Goerlich, +49 355 69 3302Dipl. Pol. Dieter Sasse, +49 3334 65 183Dipl. Ing. Wolfram Koehler, +49 3395 301 836Dr. Georg Wagener-Lohse, Mob:+49-173-53 53 105, Fax:+49-355–69-2208