Fruit Tree Catalogue 2020

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Contents

Much of Koanga Institute’s work was in response to the fact that in the last 100 years much of the genetic biodiversity in food plants, all over the world, has disappeared as a result of the

industrialisation of our food production.

In the process of “saving the seeds”, all those involved have come to the wider realisation that not just the ecology of our “food evolution” has been compromised by industrialisation, but many other aspects of our “human ecology” have likewise been compromised, and we can’t address the one issue (e.g. seed saving) in isolation. Seed saving is one aspect of the broader need to address our “human ecology”. Thus, while an immediate priority for the Institute is seed protection and conservation, it is also committed to contributing practical holistic solutions in the wider field of sustainable living:

• Protection, conservation and development of NZ’s genetic and cultural heritage food plants.

• Understanding the connections between soil health, plant and animal health and human health.

• Research into the practical strategies and techniques required for communities and individuals to be self reliant, with a focus on regenerative land use, nutrient dense food production and processing, appropriate technology and community development.

The vision of the Koanga Institute was born out of 30 years of collecting heritage fruit trees, vegetables and flowers by Kay Baxter and others, in association with the Koanga Institute. This nationally important collection is in turn built on the foundation of hundreds of generations of gardeners and farmers who have nurtured the biodiversity and cultural heritage upon which civilisation has developed (we have co-evolved with our food plants).

Our Mission'A Tree’s most important means of staying connected to other trees is a 'wood wide web' of soil fungi that connects vegetation in an intimate network that allows the sharing of an enormous amount of information and goods.'Tim Flannery, The Hidden Life of Trees

'There are more life forms in a handful of forest soil than there are people on the planet. A mere teaspoonful contains many miles of fungal filaments. All these work the soil, transform it, and make it so valuable for the trees.'Peter Wohlleben, The Hidden Life of Trees

Our Mission 3Solstice Tree Day 4Membership 5Editorial - Gail Aiken 6Kay's Forest Garden 8Autumn Gardening - Gail Aiken 9Perennials Collection 10Education 11Internships - Michele Griffiths 14ReGeneration Productions 15Fruit Tree Catalogue 16Apples 17Berries 20Cherries 21Feijoa 21Figs 21Grapes 22Loquat 23

Medlar 23Nectarines 23Nuts 24Peaches 25Peacherines 27Pears 28Plums 29Pomegranate 30Quince 30Cuttings 31Hedgerow 31Forest Garden Support Trees 32Getting Fungi - Ben Callander 34Trees in the Landscape - Gail & John Aiken 36Life Members 38Seed Collections 39Koanga Publications 42Bequests 43

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MembershipSunday June 21st - Online Registration ESSENTIAL.http://www.koanga.org.nz/gardens/product/solstice-tree-day/

Koha on the day.

We will be open from 11am – 4pm on Sunday June 23rd 2019 to celebrate trees and forest gardens here at Koanga and Kotare Village.

11:00 Introduction to forest gardening

11:30 Tour of Koanga's forest garden

12:30 Lunch of hearty broth-based soup & sourdough bread

1:00 Tour of Kay and Bob’s forest garden

2:00 Pruning demonstration of young trees

You can pick up your trees any time between 11am – 3pm.

Everyone is welcome, you don’t have to be buying trees!

This will also be an opportunity to stock up on seeds for spring etc. See you here, but don’t forget to order your trees beforehand, as numbers are very limited.

Solstice Tree DayJoin us, help save New Zealand's Heritage Food Plants, and receive new members benefits!Over the past 30 years Koanga Institute has collected and saved over 700 heritage vegetable seed lines and over 300 Northern heritage fruit tree lines and we could not have done it without our members!Heirloom collectionsOur nationally important collections are built on the foundation of hundreds of generations of growers who have nurtured biodiversity and cultural heritage. We not only collected the plant material and the seeds, but also the stories and whakapapa of our food plants and the old people who carried them to today. Growing out these food plants makes them available to both our members and the general public. The beautiful diversity that we see in our heritage collection – in the flavours, shapes and colours, is a glimpse of the past varieties of all the vegetables.Keeping the whole collection of these incredibly important New Zealand heirlooms alive and available for the people of New Zealand is a complicated and expensive process and we receive no government funding. We are one of the only organisations in New Zealand who grow out our seeds locally (mostly in the sunny Hawke’s Bay), so they are adapted to NZ soils and climates. These seeds are then selected for the qualities home gardeners are looking for, like a long cropping season, great taste, nutrient density and many other qualities that commercial seeds are not selected for. In order to be able to maintain a garden crew capable of continuing to save this collection of organic, heritage seeds and trees so you can enjoy them now and in the future we need to significantly increase our membership base.

We have listened to feedback from members and are pleased to announce our new Membership Benefits:• Exclusive new 'members only' newsletters,

packed with top tips, practical advice and member-only offers.

• Two FREE seed packets of your choice from a specially selected range.

• Gardening questions answered with access to Koanga’s special knowledge.

• Grow sought-after plants with preferential access to rare seeds and plants in short supply. There will be a minimum of 2 weeks member only access to fruit trees and to perennials in short supply. Members only access to preservation packs.

• FREE on-line 'Growing Great Seedlings' Workshop for memberships purchased or renewed before 1st January 2021.

• Know what to plant and when to plant it, with exclusive members access to a beautiful high-resolution, print ready copy of the Koanga Moon Calendar.

If you agree with us that saving New Zealand’s heritage food plants is an essential part of building a better, regenerative future and if you value the wealth of experience and knowledge that Koanga holds and makes available through it’s website, publications and courses then the best way that you can support us is by becoming a member, by encouraging other people to join, and, if you can afford it, by supporting someone less financially secure to join.Join us today!https://www.koanga.org.nz/gardens/koanga-memberships/

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We are pleased to have several varieties of fruit trees that are ‘new’ in this catalogue, some old favourites and some trees that haven’t been available to buy from us for a while. All of our trees are heritage trees that are proven to do well in Aotearoa New Zealand and are suitable to be grown in an organic and regenerative way by home gardeners.

As our Forest Gardens have developed so has our knowledge about the best support species to use here in New Zealand and again we have some new support trees available this year. Our approach to creating healthy ecologies to support our fruit trees also continues to evolve and we have heaps to share with you in this catalogue and via our website about how to support the fungal networks in our soils that are so important to tree health.

Membership

Membership support remains crucial to the work that we do and we have listened to feedback from our members and have introduced new members benefits. Find out more on page 5.

Resources and workshops

To help support home growers Kay has just updated her Design Your Own Forest Garden booklet to include new information which strongly emphasises the importance of using your legumes and mineral accumulators for

chop and drop and to make ramial wood chip as much as possible in the first years especially. It is the carbon going back to ground that feeds the fungi and builds the soil, and promotes strong tree health. This booklet teams perfectly with her book “Design Your Own Orchard” to provide in-depth information to allow you to design to get the best out of your orchard or forest garden.

Don’t forget we also have a number of fruit tree related workshops to provide in depth, hands on learning and that there are many resources to support you on our website.

Other tree uses

Although our main focus here is on fruit trees and how to grow them in a regenerative way, our interest in trees goes beyond this and in this catalogue we will share with you some thoughts about other trees and their importance.

Tree planting is very topical at present with the Billion Trees Project under way providing support to landowners to plant trees for a variety of positive environmental outcomes including helping New Zealand meet its international climate change commitments. While I welcome initiatives that assist landowners to plant trees I confess to being disappointed at some aspects of the scheme. Restoring native forests is clearly an important goal and quite rightly is an area of

Editorial February 2020 − Gail AikenWelcome to our 2020 Fruit Tree Catalogue! Koanga has been collecting heritage fruit trees from around Aotearoa for over 30 years and our collection continues to grow and develop. Our enthusiasm for these wonderful old trees hasn’t diminished and we love our evolving connections with them in our own orchards and are always excited to share new trees with you through our catalogue.

importance for the fund. The other focus is on timber production, which seems to be largely monoculture pine and presumably at least some of which would have been planted anyway.

The gaps from my perspective are that the focus seems to be only on taking land out of agricultural production, that there are minimum area restrictions which mean that the scheme is not available for smaller areas of land, and that other uses of trees in farmland such as shade trees, fodder blocks, silvopasture, wood pasture and agro forestry are pretty much ignored by the fund. It seems particularly important in a pastoral nation such as New Zealand that we support and encourage the use of trees in pasture as this provides multiple benefits for the stock, for the soil life, for carbon sequestration and for the environment in general. We clearly can’t take all of our farm land out of production so need to manage that farmland in the best way possible and using trees on farms is an essential part of that. See the article on “Trees in the Landscape” for some of our thoughts on broader uses for trees.

Logan Forrest

We were saddened recently to hear of the death of Logan Forrest from Pouto at the north head of the Kaipara. Many of you will recognise his name as Logan was a great friend to Koanga and gifted several important trees in our collection. Kay spent a lot of time around the Pouto area with Logan collecting trees and, very importantly, hearing the stories of these very special plants including Olives, Peaches, Pouto Sugar Fig, and Pouto Gold Nectarine. We are grateful for Logan’s generosity in sharing his stories and knowledge with us and send condolences to his wife, Joyce, and his family.

New Booklets

Kay will be publishing two new booklets soon. One of these is a history of food plants in Northland and Logan was very involved in the content of this booklet.

The booklet contains many historical stories about the settlement of Northland and it's relationship with food plants arriving here. The stories that Kay has been told and along with others has observed do not always align with the accepted stories about our history.

Kay’s other new booklet is Egg Production in a Regenerative Future. Here Kay looks at how we can feed chickens without industrial food even in small areas and which breeds are the most efficient converters of this food into meat or eggs.

Enjoy the catalogue and may your orchards be fruitful!

Gail

Logan being interviewed under the 200 year old olive tree at Pouto.

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We can do soil tests and add appropriate fertilizer but that doesn’t do the best job of feeding the fungi. Fungi feed on carbon, especially ramial wood, the wood from deciduous trees that have branches less than 7cm diameter to the tips of those branches.

Everywhere in our gardens and forest gardens where we have put ramial wood chip we have enormous amounts of white soil fungi. We have been doing this in Koanga forest gardens and in my veggie garden and forest garden for nearly one year now, and the results are tangible.

I’m constantly looking for solutions for maximising soil health and ecological health and what I learned this year is that applying ramial wood chip creates positive change in a tangible and relatively fast way.

Leaving a tagasaste tree (8 years old) in the ground after it died has been a revelation too, watching first the fungi that came up through the earth all along the underground roots, and then watching them colonize the tree trunk and branches, all the while imagining the fungi embodying the minerals from the tree then as the fungi grow and die making them available via the soil food web to the citrus and pears around it. I love that!

So if you are planning on planting fruit trees this winter I would recommend that you first plant the trees you will later coppice to produce your ramial wood chip to feed the fungi who feed your trees. My favourites at this point are basket and other smaller willow (eg Egyptian) that we are trialling and which are available as cuttings from Koanga and are very easy to

grow, as well as alders (rubra and glutinosa are great here). Willows are coppiced annually in winter and alders less frequently. My new version of the Forest Garden Booklet lists our favourite trees for coppicing and which canopy layer they fit into.

If you’re thinking of planting an orchard or forest garden I would strongly recommend you come and check our forest gardens out here, they are really beginning to look and feel amazing, and we have learned lots of lessons. Maybe book in for a Guided Tour, or a workshop.

Arohanui Kay

Kay's Forest GardenI have learned over the past 12 months that THE MOST IMPORTANT THING if you want healthy trees and fruit and lots of chicken food from your forest garden is to feed the soil fungi.

Surround every tree you plant with trees that can be coppiced or pollarded for ramial wood chip to grow your soil and tree health via the fungi.

Autumn Gardening - Gail AikenIt seems like a strange time to be thinking about winter veges when it’s so hot outside but it’s critical to get some crops in soon if you want them to be ready to harvest over winter. So while you still need to keep liquid feeding, watering and harvesting your summer crops you also need to sow the following: cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli, kale, lettuce, onions, swedes, turnips, parsley, welsh bunching onions, silverbeet, chard, orach, celery, peas, miner’s lettuce, corn salad, leeks, carrots, beetroot and parsnips.

My ‘wouldn’t be without’ list is:

• Henry Harrington’s Chinese Cabbage which is just delicious raw in salad, stir fried or added to soups and stews.

• Asian Mesclun Mix or Deep Purple mustard – small leaves for salads and larger leaves as bitter greens in stir fries or stews.

• Cabbage January King for all things needing cabbage including sauerkraut.

• Scarlet Ohno Turnips – just delicious.

• Endive Indiva Scarola for salads.

• As many carrots as we can grow (my favourite is Yellow Austrian Llobericher).

• Guernsey parsnips because we love parsnips roasted or in soup and because if some are left for next spring to go to seed they look magnificent and are great for the bees.

• Aomaru koshin radishes for lactic pickles, salads and cooked.

• Leeks because they are great but also in case we have an onion gap.

• Dalmatian parsley for garnishing as a herb but also for using more as vegetable adding big handfuls to soups, stews or stir fries.

• Dalmatian cabbage for rich, dark greens.

• Beetroots particularly Bulls Blood and Cylindrical for salads, cooked and for juicing with apples and ginger or turmeric.

• Sutton’s Dwarf Broad Beans – because we love broad beans in the Spring and need to plant in April or they struggle to produce in the hot spring/early summer weather.

Our list of Autumn seeds that are available plus lots of information can be found on our website http://www.koanga.org.nz/gardens/seeds-to-sow-in-autumn/

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Short Workshops (One or Two Days)

We are excited to be offering the following short workshops this year:• Traditional Food Storage• Powerdown / Appropriate Technology• Grow Your Own Mushrooms• Ecological Hunting• Salami Making• Urban Garden Design• Fruit Tree Propagation• Introduction To Pruning

Perennial vegetables are a great addition to a garden, bringing diversity and variety but also increasing resilience in the garden. Our perennials collection contains all kinds of treasures many of which were important elements of old food gardens that have now become rare. Some perennials such as potatoes, kumara, yams, shallots and garlic are usually grown as annuals, however naturally they remain in the ground and grow as perennials. Others such as strawberries, welsh bunching onions, multiplying leeks, sea kale, rhubarb and asparagus are left in the ground. We also sell some of our perennial vegetables in the form of seed, details here: http://www.koanga.org.nz/gardens/product-category/perennial-seeds/

It is our aim to make these plants available in the form of starter packs. All of these will be sent to you as live plant material, not seeds, and are sent out at only one time of year according to their needs.

New ordering system for our perennial collectionPlease order items from our perennial collection via our website. Details of all perennial plant material can be found here: http://www.koanga.org.nz/gardens/perennial-collection/

When we are sure of stocking levels each year the relevant items will be made available to order. Orders can be placed in advance once the item is listed as in stock but will only be sent out at the time indicated. They are dealt with by date received so earlier orders will be sent out first.

To be informed when items become available please make use of the ‘wait list’ function on our website – you will then be sent an e-mail to inform you that the item has become available to order. Items will be sent out around the time indicated for that category although specific timing varies from season to season. If you have special requirements (for example will be away during part of the send out period) please let us know in advance as we are not able to contact customers to check before sending the items out. We send out email notification that the item is on its way along with planting tips so please supply an email address if you can.

If you have a back order query which does not relate to ordering or payment please e-mail gail@koanga.org.nz

Perennials section of our knowledgebaseWe make a huge range of information available to gardeners through our knowledgebase including details on many of the perennials in our collection and how to grow them. http://www.koanga.org.nz/knowledgebase/gardening/

Perennials CollectionHere at the Koanga Institute we are learning to live simply and in a regenerative way in Aotearoa. We are very aware of how important food is to eco-systems, people, cultures, communities and ultimately our health. The education we provide is our way of actively accumulating and sharing the knowledge and skills that we are sharing.

Empower yourself with the practical skills to turn your dreams of self-resilience into

your reality. We use the Permaculture design process to design and teach solutions for all aspects of our lives and environment. Our guided tours, workshops, permaculture design courses, internships and apprenticeships are all great ways to create your lifestyle or career path in a regenerative way.

We’re Committed To:• Inspiring and supporting regenerative living

in New Zealand through education• Empowering home gardeners to develop

efficient gardening skills, build top-soil and improve their health through enjoying their own quality, nutrient dense produce.

All food served on our courses is:• Locally sourced• Organic• Unrefined• Nutrient dense• Traditional• Prepared following Weston A. Price principles

Education

For detailed information on all available workshops please see our website.

Koanga Seed Week

March 1st – 6th 2020

Full price $920

Tutors: Kay Baxter & Michele Griffiths

Learn everything you need to know to set up your own family, bioregional or national seed bank – Your future food security!

This seed week will give you the skills and understanding to grow and save your own seeds and to ensure that the seeds you save will be high quality for longevity and with the potential for optimal nutrition.

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Whether you are planning to set up a seed bank for a larger community or would like to address food security for your immediate family, here you will find the skills and resources required. Processes taught are very low tech and could be adapted to suit any situation, including rural villages without electricity or technology.

A critical part of this week is the experience you will gain at planning seed gardens or food and seed gardens and the practical experience you will gain by working in our processing facilities.

Workshop Outline Includes:

• History of Seeds• Why save seeds• Which are the best seeds for us to be saving• Where do we find them• Planning gardens for seed saving• How to grow high quality seeds• Admin systems for small scale seed saving• Equipment and storage• Cleaning and processing seed• Packing seed

Butchery and Meat Processing

May 24th – 29th 2020

Early Bird $828, Full price $920

Tutors: Taiamai Corker

Taiamai is a butcher and farmer who specifically loves his Wiltshire Horn Sheep, Large Black Pigs, his poultry and his Dexter cows, and loves to share his passion and skill at butchering and meat processing in a way that makes it totally accessible for all.

This is a practical workshop to learn home butchering skills for small animals: poultry, goats, pigs and sheep. This is a basic course to support you in this.

The purpose of this workshop is to demonstrate respectful, effective and efficient ways to kill and process animals, with simple technology, in preparation for inclusion in your family’s diet with a particular focus on using the whole animal.

Major Butchery Topics Covered:

• Outlining issues of hygiene, diseases, and regulations

• Understanding tools to use, maintenance and sharpening

• General principles of killing• Killing, skinning and dressing sheep and goats• Killing and dressing a pig• Killing, plucking and dressing poultry• Maximising use of offal• Cutting and preparing meat

Meat Processing Topics Covered:

• Salting •Smoking• Bacon •Sausages• Salami •Pate

Gardening Masterclass

How to garden regeneratively to grow nutrient dense food using the bio intensive method.September 20th – 25th 2020Early Bird $828, Full price $920This Koanga Education Bundle provides students with the Biointensive Gardening and Growing Nutrient Dense Food workshops delivered back to back.Tutor: Kay BaxterLearn why BioIntensive Gardening is the most efficient system we know of and how using this system you can grow high quality food in a super efficient way whilst also growing soil.Kay will give you an understanding of what nutrient dense food is, and how to test your food, using a refractometer, to see how nutrient dense it is. You will learn how our food communicates with our bodies, and how the strength and clarity of that communication largely determines our health today and for our children and grandchildren tomorrow.You will then learn some key principles behind growing nutrient dense food. How to use that understanding and information to design your best way to grow nutrient dense food. We will teach you a range methods from brought fertiliser to doing it all yourself via the compost heap, and the biochar burner and more…Kay will bring you state of the art best practice for both Biointensive Gardening and Growing Nutrient Dense Food.Kay is an internationally recognized teacher in these fields and this week is an opportunity to get the theory and hands on practice so that you will return home with enough confidence to begin your own journey of growing nutrient dense food effectively, efficiently, using state of the art best practice methods. You will be inspired to new heights with these teachers.

Forest Garden Intensive

Designing, implementing and managing forest gardens.September 27th – October 2nd 2020.Tutors: Kay Baxter, Murray NevermanSaving our heritage trees is a critical part of what we do here at Koanga, and just as critical is learning to design ways of planting our food production systems so they are regenerative, and build healthy soil, provide healthy high Brix food, and create healthy ecological systems. We have established forest gardens and are building a lot of experience.Kay will give you an understanding of what forest gardens are, how to design them to work, to be productive and to have the potential for growing abundance for you. You will learn how to choose and integrate plants using guilds, understand root-stocks, calculate nutrient needs and how to provide for them, and how to find more information, learning about more plants, their needs, uses and place in your forest garden. You will end up with a step by step process for putting this all together.You will also learn the main strategies, skills and techniques needed in order to maintain a forest garden as a regenerative ecological system for production, and for soil, plant and animal health.

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These internships are unique as you are not only learning in your desired area of focus but will also have the opportunity to learn the principles of a traditional, nutrient dense diet, learn a range of techniques to process and store food and experience this healthy way of living.

Food Production and Seed Saving Internship

As part of this internship you will work alongside our gardeners learning skills such as:• Bio-intensive practices• How to work efficiently with low impact on

your body• Propagation • Regenerative soil development techniques• Growing nutrient dense food• Garden planning and management • Plant health• Compost making • Harvesting and seed cleaning techniques

Forest Garden and Tree Nursery Internship

On this internship you will be taught by our highly skilled managers the following:• Heritage fruit tree varieties• Grafting• Tree health• Propagation• Seed collection• Forest garden design and maintenance• Managing the tree nursery• Bio-intensive practicesFor each internship, Koanga provides a free week long course with all meals provided and a weekly mentoring session with Kay Baxter who has over 30 years experience in heritage fruit trees, gardening and seed saving.We are a very down to earth, highly motivated team with a vast range of expertise that love to share our knowledge and give you the best learning possible by always going that extra mile.

If you have a passion for growing nutrient dense food and seed saving or for food forests and propagating trees, Koanga offers several free 3 month internships that are designed to help you on your journey.

Internships - Michele Griffiths

ReGeneration Productions is the first platform for regenerative education based in Aotearoa NZ. We're here to help restore the health of our people, our communities and the health of our planet, and to inspire and support us all to be the change we wish to see in the world!To facilitate that we have partnered with the Koanga Institute and in collaboration with them we are offering Internships and producing online courses including videos, resource bases, and webinars. We’ve recently released the Koanga Gardening Online Masterclass and in the next year we’ll release the Forest Gardening Masterclass and a 12 month workshop on Herbal Health & Nutrition.

As Koanga Members you get access to a 20% discount voucher which you can use in the ReGen online store! Learn more at www.regenerationproductions.org

ReGeneration Productions

Internship places are very limited, find more information here:https://www.koanga.org.nz/internships/ or e-mail, contact@koanga.org.nz

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This is a very special collection of NZ heritage plant material, gifted to us by the gardeners of this land. We believe every tree in this catalogue to be worthy of a

special place in our lives today, for one reason or another. All trees in this catalogue have been organically grown by hand in a way that regenerates the land they were grown in. We’ll send the planting instructions with your trees, so you can also plant them well, ensuring strong healthy growth and maximum nutrient dense fruit production.

These trees have been grown in Open Ground situation and marked with a white dot on the North side of the trunk, so that you too can plant these trees in the same alignment. Trees grow their main roots along the earth's magnetic field and they grow far better if they are planted in that same alignment as they were in the nursery. The white dots allow you to do that.

Many of the trees offered here are from our Northern Bioregional collection. These trees have naturalised in the North where the winters are warm, and they have been through a 150 year process of natural and human selection in that climate. The significance of this is that they fruit well in warm winters. Cultivars with the same name grown south of the Bombay Hills and taken north, do not. That is the reason Kay began saving these old trees.

One of the good things about having this collection is that you can now buy trees that will fruit well in Northland, but we also now know they do very well when taken south again. Martin Crawford of Forest Garden fame in England is recommending that we should all be planting our orchards these days with fruit trees that came from 2 climate zones north of where we are, so that they will fruit in the future in warmer winters!

In the stone fruit section of our catalogue you will notice we now offer more and more cultivars as seedlings. We are doing this because we believe them to be a

superior way to grow our genetically stable heritage varieties.

Modern peaches do not grow true in the same way, and so we trial all cultivars before offering them to you.

The trees are stronger and more disease resistant, but grow in size to be somewhere in between the smaller Marianna rootstock and the larger peach rootstock.

Fruit Tree Catalogue 2020

Rootstock Diameter Canopy Size Preferences Description

M9/M26 Dwarf

2m 3 sqm Irrigation, mulch, staking, free draining soils.

Produces a dwarf tree. Can be espaliered, cordoned or grown as a staked tree.

MM 106 4m 13 sqm Free draining soils. Developed for free draining lighter soils. A semi dwarfing tree, if well pruned can be kept to 2.5m high and 3m wide. An excellent choice for home gardens if you have the right soil

793 4-8m 30 sqm Free draining soils. Large tree. Has been bred from Northern Spy and does well on heavy soils.

Northern Spy

4-6m 30 sqm This is the old rootstock that does best on heavy clays. It can handle heavy wet soils as well.

Tree Size: It is possible to keep trees on this rootstock to 3m if you are a very skilled pruner. They can grow to 6m, but not too difficult to keep them to 4-5.

Apples

APPleS Bert’s on M9, MM106, 793, N Spy $36Medium size, round apple with yellowish russety skin with a red blush. Dessert apple with excellent flavour and old fashioned firm flesh. From Bert Davies collection planted in 1917 in his old pear orchard, one of 2 apples in the pear orchard (the other was Northern Spy).

APPleS Captain Kidd on 793 $36Bright red, streaky, white flesh, large, fine excellent flavour, sweet, juicy, medium vigour, reliable cropper, healthy, disease resistant. Bred in NZ, from Tom & Robyn Morrison Kenilworth Orchards, 1989, Warkworth.

APPleS Early Strawberry on M9, MM106 $36Dessert, small flattish, very sweet, crisp, early apple, ripening Christmas to late February. Green yellow skin with bright red streaks when ripe. NZ Heirloom, gifted to our collection by Isa Scott from her old tree in Birkdale, it came to Isa from Redhill Papakura (Mr. Tom Shepherd) in 1896.

Please note: All Fruit Tree orders will be taken online or via phone if you do not have internet access. www.koanga.org.nz/gardens/ or (06) 838 6269.

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APPleS Golden Delicious on M9, N Spy $36Large apple with golden skin and golden flesh. Conical shape with sweet, crisp, rich aromatic flavour with great depth, far better than modern selections. Came to us from Kaiwaka.

APPleS Hayward Wright on M9, MM106, 793 $36Bright red/golden russety skin, red coloured flesh, excellent texture and flavour, juicy, sweet, heavy reliable dessert apple. Ripe mid January-February. From George McKinney, Auckland, 1997; one of Hayward Wright's (of kiwi fruit fame) favourite early selections.

APPleS Jonathan on M9, 793, N Spy $36Old fashioned dessert apple, crisp with very juicy flesh, mostly red skin with green patches when ripe, white flesh. Keeps very well, ripe March April. Originally from the settlement and huge orchards planted at Port Albert (on the Kaipara Harbour) by the Albertlanders from Germany.

APPleS Freyberg on M9, MM106, 793 $36Large, pale green skin which turns pale honey yellow when ripe, crisp, juicy and very sweet flesh, excellent texture and flavour, heavy cropper. Ripe late February to late March. Bred by JH Kidd, Greytown, Golden Delicious/Cox’s Orange cross, in collection since 1986.

APPleS Giant Geniton on M9, 793 $36Green skin, similar to Granny Smith, but reddish striping when ripe, sweet/tart crunchy dessert apple from April on and great cooking, reliable heavy cropper. This is an outstanding apple that came to this land with the Dalmatian Gumdiggers. From Phil Evans in Kohukohu, Hokianga, 1987; also from Cloon Eavin, Pahi; one of the very best apples in the North.

APPleS Matakana Golden Russet on M9, MM106, 793 $36Golden russet skin with red blush on sunny side, round, flattish, yellow flesh, very rich aromatic flavour, sweet, soft, excellent with cheese. Ripe February, March but store well and taste better with keeping. Golden Russets were very common in all of the old orchards. They are precocious bearers, reliable heavy croppers and are very special apples. From the Matakana area and very probably from the original Mathew Bros nursery in the area.

APPleS Lord Nelson on M9, N Spy $36Golden russet skin with red blush. A well known, old fashioned, early cooking apple. Excellent disease resistance, heavy cropper in the North, it has the classic cooking apple flavour and bite, ripe in January well before other cooking apples of any quality. Gifted to the Koanga Collection by Dave Webster of Wharehine.

APPleS Mayflower on M9, MM106, N Spy $36Medium-large, flat, green skin, turning yellow when ripe, gold russet on top, yellow flesh; excellent old-fashioned full flavour, crisp, heavy reliable bearer, small tree. Selected from thousands of seedlings in the Hokianga by missionaries Knaggs/Fairburn 1840's, named after boat he arrived in; from Jim Cox, Tangiteroria, 1980's.

APPleS Red Delicious on M9, MM106, 793 $36Original cultivar, almost black skin when ripe, wonderful sweet flesh, excellent aromatic, rich flavour. Ex Kaitaia, 2000.

APPleS Red Spy on M9, MM106, 793 $36Large, round, very red; juicy sweet, better dessert apple than Northern Spy but similar, old-fashioned winey flavour. From Mrs.Chadwick (along with Cemetery rose), 1991, originally from Harold Hames Valley Rd. (sport off one of his Northern Spy trees).

APPleS Willie Sharp on MM106 $36Pale yellow skin when ripe, sub-acid, sweet, juicy, heavy cropper, excellent for both desert and cooking, with a tang modern apples just don't have. From Bert Davies, Wellsford, 1989, bred by Mr. Sharp - an early New Zealand nurseryman and fruit breeder.

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Cherries

Figs

Berries

BeRRIeS Currant, Black $22Classic black currants high in flavour and nutrition, fruiting in Hawkes Bay Allow 1m. From the Henry Harrington Southland collection, which Henry collated from plants growing wild along railway lines along the tracks near Ohai, an old coal mining area and a trail the old goldminers used. Ripe December.

BeRRIeS Currant, Giant Red Ruby $22From the Henry Harrington Southland collection. Henry collected most of his berries along the railway lines travelled by the early settlers and gold miners. This is the largest of our red currants ripening in mid December.

BeRRIeS Marionberry OG $22An outstanding trailing vine which is a cross between blackberries and raspberries. A large shiney, glossy black berry with a delicious complex but sweet flavour. It is a vigorous vine sending up a few canes each year which can grow 5m long. They need trellising each year and the old canes cut out.

BeRRIeS Worcesterberry, Henry’s $22This Worcesterberry came from Henry Harrington’s grandparents (de Malmanche family), who were early French settlers near Akaroa. It is a cross between a gooseberry and a black currant, and grows like a vine, so needs espaliering against a wall, a south wall is great. If you espalier them like an apple you can then hang bird netting over the vine when the black sweet berries are ripe, the berries sit for weeks once ripe if covered. Excellent flavour. Ripe February will hang on bush if shady until late March.

BeRRIeS Raspberry, Black $12Non suckering well known ancient cultivar sent to Koanga by a member in the South Island, 10 years ago. The fruit is darker than Lake, and is ripe a little later and longer. The vines grow tall but can be tipped to keep down to1m if tied to wires in loops. Must have old wood taken out each winter and all new vines tipped. Black raspberries are reputed to be the most nutritious.

CheRRIeS Tangshe on Colt Rootstock $36Large, bright red fruit, amber flesh with tangy flavour, self fertile, perfect for pie making.

CheRRIeS Mt Morency on Colt Rootstock $36Early, self fertile cherry, producing well in mild climates. It produces large crops of firm, juicy fruits with great flavour and pinkish red skin.

Feijoa

FeIjOA Tony Firman $22A very special feijoa gifted to Koanga Institute by Tony Firman. Selected from a large field of seedling feijoas grown from White Goose and Golden Goose, which are outstanding cultivars in their own right and patented as export cultivars. Out of the field of seedlings this is his favorite. As yet unnamed so we’re calling it Tony Firman at this point. He chose it because of it’s very large size, excellent flavour like the old ones used to be, it’s ability to crop with no irrigation (i.e. it has strong deep roots and its keeping qualities.These trees are grown from cuttings, and are 50+cm high.

FIGS Adriatic $22Large, round, green skin, dark red very sweet pulp, huge reliable crops, not suitable for areas with short summers. The figs were eaten fresh but also dried in a paste form and used as sweetening for all baking by many. Allow 4-8m (depends on pruning). Ex Kaipara, NZ Heirloom.

FIGS Black $22Small dark skinned, pink-fleshed fig, creamy texture, very sweet skin. An early fig, best for marginal areas that may experience cooler summer, ripens March. Allow 4-8m (depends on pruning). Ex Auckland, NZ Heirloom.

FIGS Hyndemans $22Small figs with a purply skin and silky pink centre, two crops if you don’t prune it the first around Xmas, the next in March/April. Very good for drying. Allow 4-8m (Depends on pruning). Ex Kaipara, Hyndmans original farm, Kaiwaka.

BeRRIeS Raspberry, Lake (Red) $12Classic red raspberries that sucker strongly like the yellow one. Best in a largish Food Forest situation where they can form a raspberry patch. From Louise Shaw 2006, originally from the central north Island lakes area. 1.5m, ripe December and again February.BeRRIeS Raspberry, Yellow $12Outstanding raspberry, was well known all over New Zealand 100 years ago. Average size, pale yellow fruit, one of the best eating raspberries, with a strong Autumn crop following a Summer crop. 1.5m, ripe December. Ex Canterbury/ Lower Hutt, NZ Heirloom.

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Grapes

FIGS Pouto Sugar $22Very sweet fig, hence its name. Early, small, pear shaped, red brown colour on one end with pale flesh. Allow 4-8m (depends on pruning). This fig was used in the north as a sweetener, i.e was dried/ bottled and then added to other dishes. Was given to Koanga by Logan Forrest of Pouto.

GRAPeS Niagra $22Excellent choice for the organic home gardener. Very early white dessert grape, sweet with a lovely mild flavour. Ripens early March. Easy to grow with reliable heavy crops. NZ Heirloom, in our collection since 1985.

GRAPeS Black Dalmatian $22Came to us from an old Dalmatian orchard in Kohukohu. Outstanding disease resistance and delicious strong flavour. Very dark skin, musky flavour and lots of tannin. Good as a dessert and wine grape. Ripe in late March. Ex Kohukohu, very old Dalmatian orchard, NZ Heirloom.

GRAPeS Isabella $22Small black grape. Dry (not really juicy) and sweet with a good flavour. A very old Northland Grape that came in with the early settlers on the boats via America. This is one of the oldest grapes in New Zealand.

GRAPeS White Dalmatian $22Came to us from an old Dalmatian orchard in Kohukohu. Very sweet, excellent flavour, slightly later than Niagra. Ex Kohukohu, came from the same old Dalmatian orchard as Black Dalmatian.

GRAPeS Wairarapa pink $22Small oval pink skinned grape with outstanding flavour. Found in an old vineyard, when pruning grapes. Owner had kept these outstanding old dessert grapes because of their quality amongst modern wine grapes.

lOquAT Koanga $8Loquats are attractive evergreen trees with large leaves. It is one of the few sub-tropical fruit species within the Rosaceae family. Our loquat is a large thick walled sweet loquat, fully ripe early December. Loquat fruits can be eaten fresh off the tree or can be cooked.

MedlarLoquat

MeDlAR Medlar on Hawthorn rootstock $36Mespilus germanica, known as the medlar or common medlar, is a large shrub or small tree, and the name of the fruit of this tree. The fruit has been cultivated since Roman times, and is unusual in being available in Winter, and in being eaten when bletted. The fruit is picked in Autumn and laid on shelves not touching each other and left until the flesh turns from white to brown and is no longer astringent. Joe Polaischer talked a lot about his grandmother often making medlar bread in Austria. The flowers are stunning large and white.

Nectarines

NeCTARINeS Kōkōwai on Marianna & Peach $36Red leaf, red skin, golden buttery very tasty flesh, free stone, medium size fruit, excellent desert nectarine. Was selected from seedlings from a heritage peach that produced multiple nectarine variations. This one was selected because of the amazing dark leaf colour which makes it very ornamental.

NeCTARINeS Nuhaka Goldmine on Marianna & Peach $36Goldmine type but larger, and more intense flavour. Super sweet fruit with excellent flavour, strong red blush and russeting on skin with a freestone, and is ripe February.

NeCTARINeS Goldmine Seedling $28Medium size, mid season, white fleshed nectarine with red over green skin, dessert quality with a sweet flavour. Ripe in February. An outstanding old variety from the Kaipara.

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NuTS Hazelnut Mixed 2 year old Seedling $16 Mixed from Butler (a classic cultivar known as being reliable and easy to husk) and Alexandra (a very strong cultivar with mixed nut quality, great for a fruiting hedge). Excellent for hedgerows shelter and nut groves. Require moisture to grow well.

Nuts

NuTS Walnut Wilson’s Wonder Seedling $22Large nut, easy to crack and shell by hand, suitable for most climates around NZ. These are from an old tree outside Wairoa.

NuTS Chestnut Seedling $22Seedlings from extensive research plantation of quality seedlings near Tiniroto, between Gisborne and Wairoa. Good size and quality nut. Chestnuts require deep free draining soil to thrive.

PeACheS Christina Seedling $28White flesh, red around stone, green skin, red blush when ripe, similar to River Peach but firmer, sweeter. Our Christina peach is really a local Northland variation of the River peach that is slightly sweeter and later fruiting. It came into our collection from an avid fruit tree collector by the name of Mr Phil Hodges, a well known Paparoa character with a very special orchard himself.

PeACheS Arapohue Red Leaf Seedling $28Red skin, golden flesh and freestone with red streaks around the stone. Outstanding flavour, excellent texture and is very juicy. Red leaves on the tree. Allow 5-8m. Given to Koanga by a woman near Ruawai, originally from elderly Dalmatian gardener. Ripe late February.We've been spelling this Arapahoe for years but have just been informed the area/road is Arapohue so are correcting our mistake!

Peaches

PeACheS Batley Seedling $28Medium, honey coloured skin with red blush on top, very firm texture, excellent flavour, sweet. Ex seedling tree from Batley in Kaipara. Ripe March / early April

Rootstock Diameter Canopy Size Preferences Description

Marianna | Plum Root Stock

3-6m 12 sqm Heavier, wet soils, essential.

Smaller than on peach rootstock.

Peach Root Stock 5-8m 15 sqm Light, dry, boney soils. Vigorous rootstocks.

Peach Seedlings 5-8m 15 sqm Drier, bony soils, exposed.

Seedling grown trees, not grafted, Form strong, healthy trees.

PeACheS Four Winds Seedling $28Green skin, red blush, and very firm sweet white flesh and great flavour. Produces huge crops. Ex Kaitaia, from collection trip with David Austen. Ripe February.

PeACheS Green’s Special Seedling $28Large, freestone, yellow fleshed peach with a red tinge when ripe.Given by Maureen Green. Her brother in law, David Green, said “My father, Fred Green, bought two Golden Beauty and two Campbell Seedlings from the nursery of Woodyear Smith at Matakana in 1940. Both freestone and ripe in early february. A seedling grew from one of these which was freestone and ripe late march. We called it Green's Seedling”

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PeACheS Keri Gold Seedling $28Fairly large peach. The skin is a golden colour and when fully ripe has a red blush. Firm flesh, sweet and juicy with a great flavour. Free stone with a slight red blush around the centre. Ripe late January.

PeACheS Hungry Creek Seedling $28Medium sized with juicy, firm white flesh and good flavour. Seedling from near Hungry Creek Road near Puhoi. Ripe late February /early March

PeACheS Helensville Red Leaf Seedling $28Medium size greeny skin with red blush, amber/yellow fleshed freestone peach with the stone the shape of a heart. Flavour is good, but ability to remain in good health in awful conditions is outstanding.Found growing wild on road side on the East Coast inland road, reputed to have been there for years and is commonly picked by horse back riders as they pass.

PeACheS Korako on Peach $36Small peach with white flesh. Light green skin turns honey amber when ripe. Super super sweet and melts in your mouth. Must be picked and eaten as bruises badly.From Te Whanau A Apanui. Is a very old cultivar from earliest ship captains that is now wild in the area.

PeACheS Mamie Ross on Marianna & Peach $36We are excited to be able to make this peach available again which came from Mavis Smith’s Totara House collection in Matakohe. Mamie Ross peaches were listed in the early nursery catalogues in NZ in the 1800s. Large juicy peach with white flesh. Pale white / green skin with red blush when ripe. Excellent dessert peach with lovely sweet flavour. Outstanding peaches unlike anything available commercially today. Ripe January.

PeACheS Mediterranean Block $28Medium size, white flesh, medium firm but very sweet flesh with outstanding flavor, skin honey coloured when ripe with red blush. Ripe Mid February

PeACheS Mary's Christmas on Peach $36A large, juicy, outstanding red skinned, white fleshed peach. A hardy, healthy tree. Ex. Kaipara. The best Xmas peach!

PeACheS Orion on Peach $36This is our earliest peach and is ripe from mid November to early December depending on where you are located. Smallish, white fleshed peach with a red blush on the skin. Is an extremely heavy cropper and the sweetness varies with season. A fantastic start to the peach season!

PeACheRINe Matakohe Seedling $28An outstanding new addition to our collection. This tree came from an old orchard still being well maintained in the Matakohe area. It’s a sweet melting buttery yellow fleshed fruit, with yellow skin, ripe February.

PeACheRINe Robertson's Seedling $28Reliable cropper, medium size yellow peacherine with a furry skin, buttery texture and lots of flavour, very sweet, clingstone, ripe late Feb to early March, great bottling.

Peacherines

PeACheS Pouto River Seedling $28River Peaches are the ones that set Kay off on this whole journey, they are Ex Kaipara Harbour and are NZ Heirloom. They are disease resistant, easy to grow and grow true to seed. They are prolific croppers of sweet medium sized, green skin with a red blush, white fleshed, free stone fruit. Ripen late January. Allow 5-8m.

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PeARS Seckles on Quince BA29 $36Pollinator of all other pears that need pollinators. Excellent small sweet fruit - the old ‘honey’ pear of Bohemia. Ripe end of Feb through March. Self-fertile, small tree, if you only have room for one pear, this is it! The bees love it too. From Bert Davies, Wellsford.

PeARS Triumph de Vienna on Quince BA29 $36Excellent dessert pear. Outstanding flavour, large and juicy. Ripe March, after Bon Chretien. One of the very best pears for flavour and texture, large brown russet. From Bert Davies, Wellsford. This was Bert’s favourite pear (he made pear sandwiches with this one).

PearsRootstock Diameter Canopy Size Preferences

quince BA29 | Semi Dwarf 2-4m 7 sqm Heavier, wet soils essential.

PeARS Keifir on Quince BA29 $36Large, yellow, russety skin with crisp, sweet, juicy, firm flesh, excellent keeper. Ex Wellsford, Bert Davies. Pollinator: Seckles, ripens late March.

PeARS Bert's Bon Chretien on Quince BA29 $36An outstanding selection of William Bon Chretien. Superior flavour, good size, ripe early Feb. Good dessert and bottling. Bert had many Bon Chretiens, this one grew and tasted different. From Bert Davies, Wellsford.

PeARS Clergeau on Quince BA29 $36Reliable beautiful pear ripe early March. Great as a dessert pear or for bottling. From Bert Davies in Wellsford.

Plums

PluMS Burbank on Marianna & Peach $36Large, red/yellow skin, yellow meaty flesh, excellent flavour, compact tree, clingstone.Burbank plums came into the Kaipara harbour, according to Logan Forrest with the Dalmatian gumdiggers. They were in all of the very old orchards, everybody had one! Ripe February.

PluMS Little John on Marianna & Peach $36Large plums with dark red skin and flesh. They are juicy with a sweet full flavour and tend to fruit bi-annually with a heavy crop one year and a lighter crop the next. Ripe January/February.This plum is named after the Little John family around the Kaiwaka Otamatea branch of the Kaipara who passed it to us.

PluMS Black Prince on Marianna $36Japanese. Large dark red, meaty flesh, purple/green skin, freestone, excellent taste. Pick over long period, keeps well. Ripens February-March. From an old French orchard in the Hokianga. Heavy precocious cropper. Partially self-fertile, hedgerow pollinator plums will help.

Rootstock Diameter Canopy Size Preferences Description

Peach rootstock

4-6m 16 sqm Drier, bony soils preferred

Marianna / Plum rootstock

3-6m 12 sqm Heavier wet soils essential

Seedlings 4-6m 16 sqm Heavier wet soils essential

We are beginning to make seedlings available of old tried and true cultivars. We believe seedlings to hold the potential to be stronger and healthier trees as well as cheaper to produce and buy.

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PluMS Scarletina on Marianna $36Red skin and flesh, outstanding flavour and colour. Great for dessert, jam and bottling. An ex commercial Australian plum it came to us from Matakohe. Self fertile. Ripens mid January.

PluMS Tamaki Special on Marianna & Peach $36Outstanding plum, one of the best from the collection of Dan Hansen of Wilderland fame. Large, dark red meaty plum which is full of flavour and very sweet, great for dessert and bottling. Vigorous growing tree. Ripens in late December / early January. Pollinator- Duff’s Early Jewel, and others. This plum was gifted to our collection by the late Dan Hansen of Wilderland. Dan was an avid fruit tree collector and he found this seedling growing on an Auckland roadside.

PluMS Mangamuka Golden Drop on Marianna $36Delicious, yellow green, soft fleshed plum with transparent skin for dessert, Self fertile, ripens January. It came from the school grounds at Mangamuka with a big name from many past pupils. We were gifted this tree in the 1980’s by somebody who had been a student at the Mangamuka school many years before, and knew how good it was. It is famous in that area.

POMeGRANATe Pomegranate cutting grown $16Small deciduous tree to 3m maximum. Requires a hot full sun position. Mulch to prevent weed competition in early years. Produces highly renowned fruit. The quality depends on heat when ripening.

Pomegranate QuincequINCe Quince on Quince BA29 $36Quince have a delightful fragrance and a rich full flavour that is wonderful cooked in fruit dishes and conserves, where it takes on a wonderful dark red colour. A strong grower and extremely productive which produces large fruit at a young age. Pale lemon-yellow colour fruit with smooth skin and a distinctive aroma. The flesh is tender and sweet when cooked. Ripe late February to March. Self-fertile. Quince does best in a sunny sheltered site protected from wind and frost. On quince rootstock so tolerates heavy soils and requires good moisture level.

Hedgerow

Cuttings

heDGeROW Abelia Grandiflora, cutting grown $8A fast growing bush with glossy green foliage. Has fragrant tubular flowers that are white tinged with pink. Wonderful bee plant in late summer. Excellent hedging plant. Soft stems that are easy to trim into a hedge.

heDGeROW Hydrangea, White Mophead, cutting grown $8Love wet places, great annual chopping and dropping to recycle carbon and nutrients from wet places. Flowers are white with a very pale blue tinge. Flowers December through to February.Good in a hedgerow or forest garden.

heDGeROW Dogwood, Red Barked, cutting grown $8This is an outstanding red barked shrub that is deciduous so stands out with bright red bark all winter. It is an excellent weaving material rivalling willow, and great mixed with basket willow in a basket. Good in a hedgerow or forest garden. If coppiced to the ground grows long red weaving rods, otherwise becomes a bushy shrub.

CuTTINGS Basket Willow $35 for 6 cuttings each of 4 varieties.These are professional basket willows, and will grow to have different color, length, flexibility, and so on. willows like wet soils and the more water available will result in more growth, plant in 30-50cm spacing to create long upright growth, and harvest during winter.•Common Osier x 6 (salix

viminalis) — Gold•Giganta x 6 — Yellow•Purple Willow x 6 (salix

purpurea) — Red/Purple•Unknown x 6 — Yellow

CuTTINGS Egyptian Willow $10 for 6 cuttingsWe have found that this willow is the most resistant to the large black aphid that is attacking our willows today, and it is the willow best suited to use as firewood, because it has very little branching, only good strong length of thick wood easily cut up, and as well as that an excellent bee forage because the catkins are among the first Spring pollen available for our bees.

CuTTINGS Elderberry Adam $3Fast growing, large bunches of black berries, even in warmer areas of New Zealand. Highly medicinal fruit and flowers. Loves wet soils.

CuTTINGSJapanese Fodder Willow $10 for 6 cuttingsA multi stemmed vigorous willow selected for it’s long growing season with leaves retained into late autumn. Good for stock fodder and for firewood.

We can supply the following as cuttings for you to root and grow your own tree.

quINCe Chinese Quince Seedling $8 | Pseudocydonia oblonga. Attractive small tree up to around 3 metres tall. Produces large, very fragrant quinces that, like other quinces, are not eaten raw but are cooked and used to make paste, jam or jelly. Trees are ornamental with good autumn colour.

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heDGeROW Philadelphus, cutting grown $8Hardy shrub that produces masses of white, highly fragrant flowers in spring. Fast growing and can be pruned back.

heDGeROW Rose, Cemetary White, cutting grown $10This is an old fashioned bush rose that has white flowers that have a hint of pink before they open. Beautiful scent and a very hardy and disease free rose. Great in a hedgerow or as a bush. It came to us from an elderly woman and has been in New Zealand for a long time and it almost certainly Mme. Hardy, a heritage damask rose. This rose came to us from relatives of Puss Chadwick in Paparoa and was said to be the rose that everyone planted and took care of around the old cemeteries.

heDGeROW Vibernum Plicatum Lanarth, cutting grown $8Nitrogen fixer, horizontal branching ground cover to 1.2m. White lace cap flowers.

SuPPORT TReeS Oven's Wattle Seedling $12Acacia pravissima is a woody shrub/ tree that grows up to 4m in height, it does well on heavy clay soils and is great for a subtropical forest garden situation. it is light and airy and can easily grow anywhere around heavy feeders, fix nitrogen, be chopped and dropped and also have flowers that feed the native and other beneficial insects, in particular some of the psyllids that we need! They handle a light frost but do not like heavy frosts so not an option in cold climates.

SuPPORT TReeS Siberian Pea Tree Seedling $12Nitrogen fixing small tree. Likes well drained soil. Excellent bee plant and chicken forage, edible seeds and useful in windbreaks.

Forest Garden Support Trees

SuPPORT TReeS Honey Locust Seedling 40cm $8Nitrogen fixer. Large spreading tree to 15m, creating amazing shade for stock and prodigious grass growth in the filtered light semi-shade underneath the spreading branches, great trees in pasture and for swings.

SuPPORT TReeS Tagasaste Seedling 50cm $6Nitrogen fixer, fast growing tree to 4m (2-3m if coppiced) needing free draining soil, can be coppiced (chop and drop) twice a year in NZ, excellent bee forage in winter early Spring, chicken forage seeds and leaves, shade, firewood, mulch and biochar.

SuPPORT TReeS Tree Lupin Seedling $6Nitrogen fixer, low shrub, 1.5m, covering the ground well, fast growing perennial mostly although it sometimes dies after flowering, self seeds and self protects young seedling coming up underneath it, yellow flowers all summer, seeds edible by poultry, stunning yellow in forest garden Spring to Autumn Great for biomass/carbon production in forest garden.

SuPPORT TReeS Tree Medick Seedling $8Nitrogen fixer, roundish shrub to 3m, covered in fragrant yellow blossom each Spring, followed by pods full of seeds loved by chickens, fairly hardy but we have no experience yet with them in heavy clay, excellent forest garden support species.

TRee SeeDS - We also have a range of seeds of forest garden support species available here https://www.koanga.org.nz/gardens/product-category/forest-garden-support-seeds/

SuPPORT TReeS Black Locust Seedling $8 Vegetative division suckers $12Robinia pseudoacacia. Black Locust is a deciduous tree in the legume family, growing up to 20m. It is native to southern United States and is widely spread around the world. Robinia is a great forest gardens plant as we could harvest several crops – early flowers for bees, ground durable posts, it coppices so posts can be harvested every few years, and is nitrogen fixing

SuPPORT TReeS Chinese Red Bud Seedling $10Nitrogen fixer. Dwarf large shrub or small upright growing tree. Large light green heart shaped leaves turn bright yellow in autumn. A profusion of deep cerise pink pea shaped flowers stud the bare branches for an extended period in early spring. Ideal for small spaces, and urban gardens. Very beautiful trees.

SuPPORT TReeS Chokeberry (Aronia Melanocarpa) Root Trainer $16Multi-stemmed shrubs that grow to 3m and prefer moist to wet swampy forest ground, slow growing and hardy, the fruits are edible but best processed, they contain the highest known levels of anthocyanins.Ripe Jan, Feb.

SuPPORT TReeS Goumi Seedling $12Eleagnus multiflora Nitrogen fixer. Deciduous shrub growing to about 3m. Bees love the flowers. Some plants produce berries which can be eaten. Great as a forest garden support tree or in a hedgerow. Can be pruned for chipping or chop and drop. Copes with a wide range of soils.

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Pest challenges and disease issues are really about biological and nutritional deficiency. Ramial Chipped Wood contains all the nutrients in the right proportions to promote plant health and immunity.

Checklist for ideal material to use for Ramial Chipped Wood:

• Deciduous is best.

• Dormant wood is preferable.

• No more than 20 percent evergreens in the mix.

• The smaller the branch the higher the nutrient proportion.

Some strategies for using Ramial Chipped Wood:

• Mulch around trees in forest gardens and orchards.

• Mulch in the vege garden to provide a fungal refuge for mycorrhizal fungi to maintain underground connections throughout the vege patch.

• Use as a soil amendment in the vege garden by adding 2-5 cm of ramial wood chip and fork it into the topsoil. It's important to only do this in Autumn and to grow a nitrogen fixing crop in these beds over winter.

• Compost Ramial wood chip for several months until it has a rich earthy smell and you can you see the white mycelium, and then fork it lightly into the top layer of soil before planting out seedlings.

Our Hansa Chipper

We are lucky enough to have a Hansa C13 Chipper that was donated to us by Hansa. Hansa are a New Zealand company and we are very happy with our robust, efficient and easy to use chipper.

‘Getting Fungi’ with Koanga and Ramial Chipped Wood by Ben CallanderThe Role of Mycorrhizal Fungi:

A key component of the health of most plants is the symbiotic relationship formed between mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots. Fungi don’t photosynthesize, instead they rely on the carbon captured by plants in order to thrive. Mycorrhizal fungi exists as a vast filamentous underground body called a mycelium which establishes a connection with the roots of living plants. Due to this filamentous structure the mycelium has the potential to expand the surface area of a plants access to nutrients and water by upwards of 100 times which has a huge effect on the resilience of the plants and their capacity to become nutrient dense.

Mutualistic Symbiosis (Some Friends Bring The Crackers, Others The Cheese)

A metaphor for how the cooperation between plants, fungi and bacteria works: The bacteria are the workers in the mines gathering building materials, the fungi is the transport system conveying the goods and the plant is the structure built by the materials. The plant through photosynthesis provides carbon to feed the fungi, fungal exudates feed bacteria and bacterial enzymes dissolve rock. The minerals from the rock are now in a plant available form that can be transported by the fungi to feed the plant and strengthen the photosynthesis process; therefore all three organisms by benefitting the whole also benefit themselves! Holy logrolling Batman!

Someday We’ll Find It, The Ramial Connection, The Gardeners, The Wood Chip and Me...

In order to make a fungally dominated soil we are using Ramial Chipped Wood. The soluble lignins found in the smaller twiggy new growth

of deciduous hardwood trees are a key part in building the humus rich soils of forest and forest edge ecologies as branches break and fall to the forest floor and young saplings yield to succession and fungi eat them… With Ramial Chipped Wood (chipped buds, shoots and twigs of less than 7cm diameter.) we can imitate this forest edge soil ecology to increase fertility and build carbon and fungi rich soils in our gardens.

Important Considerations:

When making Ramial Chipped Wood it is crucial to stress the importance of using only the twigs shoots and buds as the majority of enzymes, minerals, proteins, amino acids and phytohormones are found in the new growth of trees. Also crucial is to make Ramial Chipped Wood from mainly deciduous trees as the ‘white rots’ associated with deciduous trees make fully available the lignins, cellulose, nutrients and minerals contained within. Fulvic and humic acids believed to be the key ingredients in the humus ‘cake’ are the result of this saprotrophic ‘white rot’ fungal frenzy. Avoid using conifers and other evergreen species as the ‘brown rots’ associated with them don’t fully break down the material and can work to suppress the plants we are wanting to nourish.

Ramial chipped wood has a balanced Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio of between 30/1 and 70/1 which can be digested easily by the soil food web. Trunks and larger wood have a much higher Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio and are better used for firewood. If they are going to be used in the garden they must be thoroughly composted with a high nitrogen component otherwise they will tie up all the nitrogen in the soil and negatively affect plant growth.

Chipper in forest garden

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Trees in the landscape by Gail & John Aiken

Native trees

In permaculture we talk about Zone 5 – the wild zone. Zone 5 is really important and on this land we are lucky enough to have both areas of native forest and salt marsh (on the tidal edge of the Waima River) as our wild zones. These areas were not fenced from stock when we arrived so in our situation mostly what we needed to do was to halt the damage, which we did by fencing stock out of the forest and the marsh. The recovery of both was rapid with the understory in the forest quickly developing and the marsh filling up with native rushes.

Our land is very steep in places with old slip sites and steep gullies which were very bare. In those areas we haven’t needed to fence or to plant but by reducing stocking levels and, in some places allowing gorse to act as a nursery for native trees to grow in, these areas have now mostly become covered in native trees. We have done some plantings of natives along the margins of the salt marsh but mostly haven’t needed to, using instead the natural succession and recovery that occurs when damage is halted.

What we have done though is a lot of tree planting, both out in the paddocks and in areas that we designated for woodlot.

Trees in pasture

The use of trees in pasture has so many benefits including economic ones that it is a mystery to me why many farmers continue to maintain a treeless landscape. As I write this, Northland

is baking under a drought with intense and unrelentingly hot days in the mid 30s. Our cows find themselves nice shady places to be for the most intense parts of the day but if I drive around I see farm after farm with little or no shade for their animals. The impact of heat stress on stock is well documented raising not only animal welfare concerns but also negative effects on productivity. Well spaced trees in pasture give shade/shelter to animals but also help with soil health, water retention, nutrient cycling, mineral availability for the animals, stability and improve grass growth so there really is no negative here!

Grass growth is supported by trees in a number of ways – shade helps to soften the intensity of sunlight, nitrogen fixing trees can support grass growth by bringing nitrogen into the soil but all trees can help due the mechanism of hydraulic lift. This describes the process by which trees pull water from deep in the ground using their large root system, a process greatly enhanced in soils with healthy and diverse fungal connections. During the day the water is transpired through the leaves creating moisture around the tree as it dissipates but at night the hydraulic lift brings water to the soil for other plants to use.

Fodder for animals

Many of the trees we have planted in and around the pastures are also to provide fodder for the animals particularly in this very hot weather when the grass growth is poor. We

For those of you with larger pieces of land there are many options for including trees in the landscape which provide multiple benefits. We have been on our 65 acre farm in Hokianga for 11 years now. We are trying to regenerate this land as best we can within our means and have done lots with this goal in mind.

have planted areas of poplar and willows that we can cut for fodder, and that can be coppiced or pollarded (cut high up the trunk so that regrowth is out of reach of the stock). Some areas are now well enough established that we can let the cows in to graze and browse but we have other places where we cut the fodder and take it to them. If we didn’t have this available we’d be having to feed out hay by now.

We have also planted Honey Locust and Carob but these trees are still small. Once established they too will provide fodder for the stock along with all of the other benefits of having trees in the landscape.

Woodlots

Our other main focus has been planting diverse woodlots for a range of outputs including firewood, ramial wood chip, building materials, charcoal / bio char, fencing materials, tool handles and turnery. John is a Green Woodworker so has a special interest in trees for these purposes.

We have planted many different species and all of our woodlot trees are good for firewood, ramial wood chip and charcoal but some that we’ve planted with special functions in mind are:

• Alder (nitrogen fixing & coppices) for durable posts in water (pond jetties).

• Robinia and Catalpa for ground durable timber (fence posts).

• Oaks for ground durable heart wood and timber.

• Hickory and Ash for tool handles.

• Hornbeam for mallet heads.

• Hazels for walking sticks, hurdles, and wattle and daub.

• Chestnut for ground durable wood and also decorative wood that cleaves (can be split) easily.

• Acacias nitrogen fixing, fast growing, drought tolerant, good firewood.

Timber

The area that we haven’t focused on yet here is planting blocks of trees to be managed for future timber production. The trees that John has in mind for this include Macrocarpa, Lusitanica and Totara. One thing is certain though - that we won’t be planting pine!

Poplars – This Poplar fodder block is about 9 years old. Woodlot – A mixed woodlot around 9 years old.

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Life MembersAlison NuttallAlison WilsonAngela Emery

Anne MacLennanAnnette Nixon

BanyanBarbara Baragwanath

Barbara ChappleBarry Hutchings

Bedford Mackay Family TrustBetty RawleyBrett Fallen

Brian CartmellBridget ElworthyBryony De BoerBT HammondCarla RobertsChas Symes

Cherry E DibleyChris and Julene Wake

Chris LiveseyChris Morrison

Craig PalmerDaphne RossDave WebsterDene Fowler

Diana & Justin AndersonDick and Bertha Schoneveld

Donna CampbellDoug and Jane Russell

Elaine TaylorElizabeth Keet

Emily EileEmma DarkeFaye Fausett

Fiona McQueenFred Kingdon-Sanders

Grace HeartGrace & Iohangawai Te Pahi

Greg DillonGuillermo Aldao-Humble

Gwenda CostelloHeike Koester

Helen Boyd-AlspachInge Diks

Ingrid LoschJan Rata

Jane PenberthyJane Russell

Jaquie HardingeJennifer Kerr

Jenny QuilliamJenny Tait

Jo and Bob MunroJo Hainsworth

Joanne HamlynJoanne HedgeJohn BillingsJohn GriggsJude Knights

Kahukuri Bloodstock LtdKaryn DavisKay Langdon

Kirsten GarrabrantLesley OíCallahan

Lisa TalbotLiz HodgsonLorna Alden

Lyn and Fred Kingdon-SandersLynelle TaylorMaara White

Marco and Teresa PartridgeMartin Ulenberg

Mavson and KA EarlyMelita Van Wordragen

Melissa HartleyMonika Geister

Morley WestMurray and Rob Joyce

Nate WalkerNick BlennerhassettNoeline Gannaway

Pam and Brett ShandPat Knuckey

Pauline MacdonaldPeter Alexander

Phoenix OrganicsPhyllis Tichinin

Pip NorvellR Kent

Richard BurgessRachel Yeats

Randell, Tutton and BellRichard NokeRichard Stoks

Richard WorthingtonRitz Wood

Rob HammingtonRobyn Diamond

Robyn DyerRobyn Scanlen

Rox Sutherland-ValentineRoy Shackleton

Sabine & Wolf Drueckler and HiepeSandra SheardScott Dalziell

Simon and Stacy GriffithsSonja Hay

Susan ErskineSusan KingSusan Lane

Tania McLeanTania Williams

Viola PalmerWendy Klink

Yannick WalrelamYvonne and Jim Wheeler

Yvonne ShanksJulia Williams

Fiona DavidsonPat Mabbett

Stephen HarrisSuzanne StelmockKathrina Muller

Grant CroftSamantha Penman

Lucy PetriePhilippa Jamieson

These seed collections have been developed to encourage children and gardeners of all ages to be inspired to garden. Presented in an envelope printed with artwork by Franzi Corker, these collections make wonderful gifts. They include written material to help you get the most from each collection, and offer a chance to grow some of New Zealand’s most rare heritage seeds, from the Koanga Institute collection.

Beginner Gardener Seed Collection, 40 sqm salads, stir fries, soups & stews | $195Take your family another step toward future food security! This seed collection is specifically designed to go with our Koanga Beginner Gardener Booklet (not included). Full instructions for every step of the way in words, diagrams and charts, are in the booklet. At supermarket prices the value of the food grown from these could be $2,300! Collection Contains:•49 packets of seed, including an Oats

Carbon Crop pack. All 50 packets of seeds in this Collection are the seeds of our ancestors, saved, grown and selected to nourish people.

•The Garden Action Plan which contains a lot of useful information to support you to do a good job of this garden.

•The Crop Rotation Planner shows you when to aim for having your crops in the garden, when to expect them to be out, and what will follow so that you get a sense of the seasonal rhythms.

•The Garden Map, which will show you how to plant these vegetables in a way that means you have 10sqm of heavy feeders, 10sqm of roots/legumes and 20sqm of carbon/compost crops.

Children's Garden Collection | $41This collection contains the seeds a wide mix of all those plants that get children excited in the garden. We include hut building instructions using flowers and the vegetables included are exciting shapes and colours as well as easy and fun to grow - favourites for young gardeners.Collection Contains: Sunflower Giant Russian (for making children's huts), Morning Glory (for making children's huts), Zinnia Chromosia (to attract the butterflies), Cucumber Green Apple, Crookneck Squash, Greenfeast Dwarf Pea, Gourd Nga Puhi (Ruka), Strawberry Popping Corn, Magenta Spreen Lamb's Quarters.

Cottage Garden Faery Collection | $38A special collection of heritage Cottage Garden flowers that are perfect for creating a space that feels really special place to remember our grandmothers, and to tangibly feel the garden faeries there as well. From my travels around old gardens it is clear to me that the flower gardens of our ancestors who came to this land in the early days were largely about reminding them of family and place.Collection contains: Poppy Fire Circle, Chinese Forget me not, Sweet William Mix, Nicotiana Woodlands, Aquelegia Grandmother’s Garden, Hollyhock Muriwai, Foxglove, Sweetpea Heritage Mix.

Seed Collections

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Kiwi Superfood Collection | $41Kiwi’s do not need to go to the Health Shop and spend money on imported products, to be able to eat ‘super food’. We can all grow ‘superfood’ in our own back yards. There are two critical ingredients:1. The right seeds.2. The right growing conditions.The vegetables and fruit you can grow with these seeds all have outstanding nutritional qualities and the details about each are in the Collection for you. We have included both Summer and Winter crops to create a year of fun and discovery and home grown superfood!Collection Contains: Borecole Kale, Dalmatian Cabbage (Collards), Welsh Bunching Onions, Souters Watermelon (Navajo Storage Melon), Magenta Spreen Lamb's Quarters, Wild Crafted Golden Purslane, Dalmatian Parsley, Watercress.

NZ Heritage Rare Seeds Collection | $45This is a very special collection of rare vegetables that you will not find in any other seed catalogue. They are some of the special vegetables that have come to this land with our own ancestors and were valued enough by the last few generations that they actually survived, to be available today for you through the Koanga Institute and the generosity of our members, and our seed growers who are the life blood of our organization.This collection comes with the stories of each seed included.Collection Contains: Bohermian Sugar Pea, White Scotch Runner Bean, Croatian Tomato, Hollow Crown Parsnip, Dalmatian Pean, Red Seeded Broadbean, Upland Cress, Port Albert Cucumber, Strawberry Popcorn, Zimbabwe Squash.

Rainbow Summer Salad Collection | $38This collection of summer vegetables will ensure you have a load of colour, fun, flavour and nutrition in your salads this summer. We include some exciting recipes giving you some traditional ideas for using these veges in Summer SaladsCollection Contains: Port Albert Cucumber, Magenta Spreen Lamb's Quarters, Chioggia Beetroot, NZ Heritage Lettuce Mix, Genovese Basil, Shisu, Rainbow Cherry Tomato Mix, Oxheart Carrot.

Winter Salad Collection | $41This collection is great for beginner gardeners - it will ensure that you have fresh nutritious produce for winter salads over many months, with a variety of colours, flavours and textures. Includes some tips for garden preparation.Collection Contains: Miner's Lettuce, Ohno Scarlett Turnip, Endive Indivia Scarola, Asian Greens Mix, Welsh Bunching Onions, Corn Salad (Mache), Upland Cress, White Icicle Radish, Oxheart Carrot.

Wild Fermentation Collection | $34This collection of vegetables is designed to inspire you to preserve your excess from the garden with the technique of lactic fermentation. Recipes included.Collection Contains: Deka Cucumber, Ohno Scarlet Turnip, January King Cabbage, White Icicle Radish, Watermouth Tomato, Austrian Yellow Lloberricher Carrot, Henry's Chinese Cabbage.

Nourishing Greens | $41This is a special collection of seeds from the Koanga Institute! A tasty collection of wild greens and highly nutritious garden greens to get the minerals and vitamins we all need each day, gotta love your greens!Collection Contains: Puha, Purslane, Upland Cress, Endive Indivia Scarola, Cornsalad, Dalmation Cabbage, Watercress, Borecole Kale, Magenta Spreen Lamb's Quarters.

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Koanga Publications

Design Your Own OrchardThird Edition 2017Kay Baxter

Koanga Garden GuideThird Edition 2015Kay Baxter

Change of Heart: The Ecology of Nourishing FoodKay Baxter & Bob CorkerIncludes over 400 recipes!

The KOANGA BOOKleT SeRIeS

Save Your Own Seeds

The Art of Composting

Growing Nutrient Dense Food

Design Your Own Forest Garden

Beginner Gardener

200m2 Urban Garden

Koanga Garden Planner | Kay BaxterIf you want to get serious about your home garden and take permaculture to the next level, this is for you!

By making a bequest to the Koanga Institute you will be supporting us to continue our important work. This gift is one that you may not be able to make during your lifetime, but will ensure that our heritage plants are available for future generations as a resource for cultivation and genetic diversity. The Institute relies on generous contributions, and our membership fees. In these changing times it feels very important that we continue to flourish and grow. We are very good at making a little money go a long way. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you would like to know more. Our vision is to be able to save all of our NZ heritage seeds so that they can become the seeds our future food is grown from.

Bequests

The Koanga Seed Saving Master Chart This is a beautiful wall chart, to support you at a glance, to develop your seed saving skills. It is designed and written as a complement to the Koanga Seed Saving Booklet.