Breeding Method-Introduction

UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES, BAGALKOT

KITTUR RANI CHENNAMMA COLLEGE OF HORTICULTUREARABHAVI

Breeding of Fruit CropsFSC-505(1+1)

By-Panchaal BhattacharjeeM. Sc(Fruit Science)

Introduction:According to Allard (1960) plant introduction is the

acquisition of superior varieties by importing them from other areas. Or plant introduction is the process of taking / introducing plants/ genotype or group of genotype into new environment where they were not being grown before.

Introduction may involve new varieties of a crop already grown in the area wild relatives of the crop species or totally new crop species for that area. Plant introduction may within the country between the countries or confirmed between the states or within the state. The plant may be introduced from the country of another continent .

Introduction may be classified into two categories:

1) Primary Introduction:When the introduced variety is well suited to the new environment and is directly released for commercial cultivation without any change the original genotype, known as primary introduction. Ex. Introduction of semi dwarf wheat varieties Sonora, Lerma Rojo and semi dwarf Rice Var. TN-1, IR-8, IR-28, and IR-36 during the time of green revolution.

2)  Secondary Introduction:The introduced variety is subjected to selection, to isolate superior variety or may be hybridized with local variety to transfer one or few desirable characters to the local variety, known as secondary introduction.

Procedure of Plant Introduction:

Plant introduction is one of the very old and effective methods of plant breeding. It consists of following steps:

i) Procurement of Germplasmii) Quarantineiii) Catloguingiv) Evaluationv) Multiplication and Distribution

Banana- -Globally, PROMUSA(2007) tackle the problem of banana crop improvement under INIBAP(International network of banana and plantain,France)

In 2001, The global musa genomics constrium was established to apply new technology for sustainable development of Banana.Total 43 banana collection centre exists,In 33 different countries(Shiva et al., 2007)Since,1994 exotic collections(Natural Cultivar/Wild Sp./HYVs) INIBAP transit centre,Leuvan Belgium are available for evaluation in India

Accessions from tissue cultureQuarantined at NBPGR, New India In vitro gene bank supplied to NRC-banana,AICRP tropical fruits

Based on the field trail no’s of cultivar are selected for cultivation under Kerela condition-

1.Popoulu(AAB) under Maiia Maoli Group (Hawaii)-Resembles to Nendran fruit pulp-It is also suitable for chips preperation -Evaluated at Banana Research station,Kannara

2.Yangambi Km 5(AAA)- Semi tall desert banana var.-Sub acidic flavour-highly resistant to sigatoka-Shade tolerant, can be grown under coconut plantation

3.Big EBANGA(AAB)-Under false Horn Plantain Group-Degenerative Male phase

POPOULU

NRC banana multiplied and distributed some introduced var. such as“Burro semsa” and “Saba”- highly resistant fusarium wilt.Other varities reccomanded for cultivation-FHIA-01( AAAB, Gold finger) Panama wilt & Crown RotStress tolerant both in rainfall region and low temperature regionHigh sugar acid ratio and low polyphenol oxidation(Suitable for processing)Tastes like Apple(ripe condition)

FHIA-03(AABB)- Also known as MonalisaSeedless hardy cooking cv.Strong plant suture upto 50kg bunch it ca hold without proppingDrought tolerant,vigorous FHIA-23(AAAA)FHIA-21 & FHIA-20 : Cooking banana

NRC - BANANA

FHIA-03 (AABB) [Monalisa]Dessert/cooking banana

FHIA-20 (AAAB)Dessert/Cooking banana

FHIA-23 (AAAA)Dessert banana

Grand Naine (AAA)Dessert banana

Bodles Altafort (AAAA)-Gross michel(AAA) X Pi-sang Lilin(AA)Dessert banana

Introduced from Jamaica

Resistant to Panama Wilt and Sigatoka Leaf spot

Showing good result in Kerala

Sucrier/Surya Kadali/Sugar bowl or Basin(AAA)Origin- Malaysia

-Grown in Southern India-Small fruit, thin skin,sweet flesh-Resistant to panama wilt and Black weevil-Susceptible to Sigatoka leaf spot

SUCRIER/SUGAR BOWL

Citrus-Mandarin:1.Satsuma- Introduced from Japan to Saharanpur,UP -Resistant to cold and early ripening-Nearly thornless

2.Kinnow-- King Mandarin(C.nobilis) X Willow Leaf(C.deliciosa)

-Bred by H.B Frost in California, USA

-Officialy,In 1956 it was introduced in Abohar, Punjab

-1951, It was intoduced in Lylapur, Pakistanfrom there Mr. Kartar Singh, a progressive farmer planted kinnow at Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan

3. Dancy Mandarin-

-Syn,Bijou, Christmas,Trimble

-Obate to pear shaped

Sweet Orange-1.Mosambi--From Mozambique, East Africa-Rootstock-Rangpur Lime-Suitable for Maharastra and Central India

2.Hamlin- Syn, Norris-From Florida,USA-to UP, Punjab, Harayana

3. Batavian- at Coastal Andhra Pradesh

4. Shamouti- Introduced from Palestine-Limbspot of “Bellady”-Seedless

5.Malta-From Middeterrarian region-Popular in Punjab, Haryana, UP

6.Pineapple- Selection from Chance seedling at Citra,Florida-Flavours like a pineapple

Mosambi

Hamlin

7. Jaffa-Origin Palestine-Introduced in USA in 1883-From USA, It came in India-Alternate bearer-Resistant to old, matueres during X-mas

8.Valencia-Originated at China-Introduced India from USA-Acidity-1.04%(higher than any other commercial var)

9. Washington Navel-Nipple like Protubrance-Originated at Brazil-Introduced In USA in 1870-Cultivated at Andhra pradesh and karnataka in India

Washington navel

Jaffa

Valencia

Pineapple Shamouti

Malta

Acid lime-Tahiti Lime--Originated in Tahiti from there it was taken at California, USA -2n=3x,no viable pollen

Lemon-1.Eureka- Origin at Italy-In India It was introduced from USA

2.Villafrance- it is intermediate of Eureka and Lisbon var.-from Europe it came to India

Grape fruit-Varities from USA were introduced in India

Duncan

Grape-1.Anab-E-Shahi- Introduced by Abdul Baquer Khan from Middle east in 1890,name was conferred by Nizam of Hyderabad2.Bokhri- In 1338 by Muslim Rulers-Syn, Abi->99% area was under its cultivation in Nasik, MH upto 1950-Now a days, grown in TN mainly3. Kishmish beli and kishmish chorni- Introduced from Russia for Raisin purpose

Anab-E-Shahi

White wine varities-From FRANCE-Sauvignon blanc , Chenin blanc , Ugni blanc , ChardonnayFrom Rhone-Clairette(Musky perfumed ,High alcohal wine)From Germany-Reislin(Citrus and floral scented wine)

Sauvignon blanc

Red wine Varities-

Varities from France

Variety from Spain Variety from Italy

Guava-1.Beaumont and Indonesian seedless- from Australia2.Acerapera- from Brazil3.Verdie- from USA4.P.Littorale var. longipes and P. longipes- from USA

Verdie

Mango-USA-Tommy Atkins, Haden, Sensation, Julie

Belgium-var. Amolie

Australia- var. Kensington Pride

Thailand- var. Sweet

Brazil- Eldon var evaluated in India at IARI, released as Pusa Surya (2002)-Golden yellow colour with red, Ventral Shoulder-Thick peel,good for distance tansportation-rich in vitamin-C-10-12 days shelf life in room temperature

cv. Solo- Introduced from Barbados

Papaya-

Pink Solo X Kairy Solo -Introduced from Hawaii

-Red fleshed,Pear Shaped

Pomegranate-

cv. Wonderfull- Introduced from

Florida(USA)cv. Granada-Bud sport mutation of

wonderfull. Introduced from California(USA)

cv. Rannyiz- Introduced from

Tunesia

Russia- Gulsa rosa pink, Shirin AnarIran-males,Be hafash, Alah Aga Md. Ali, Post Sephid,Sirin

Apple-

Red deliciousGolden delicious

Red Fuzi

Apples have been in India for centuries. Although the British like to credit their introduction to India during their rule, the nation had the fruit much before then—N. Jayapalan writes in his book, “Economic History of India” that the Muslim ruler Firoz Tughlaq grew apple trees throughout Delhi neighborhoods during his life from 1309 to 1388. When the British came centuries later and planted apple trees in the north, their reception amongst the locals was poor on account of their sour crabapple taste. It was only when Samuel Evans Stokes of Philadelphia came to India in the early 1900s—bringing with him several seeds from sweet apple variants—that the farmers of Himachal Pradesh took note and the country’s apple industry exploded.

Winter Banana

Thank you…