frontiers in bioscience - meeting list points
TRANSCRIPT
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Frontiers in Bioscience1.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_cruciate_ligamentWikipedia says articular ligaments are most commonly referred to.
http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/PATIENTCARE/healthcare_services/orthopaedics/joint/ligament_injuries_to_knee/Pages/index.aspxThis site explains that the ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) is one of most common ligaments to be injured
http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/greystone/images/ei_0277.gifPicture of left knee from behind - anatomy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_cruciate_ligament_reconstructionGives the procedure for replacing an Anterior Cruciate ligament. Mentions two types of graft:
Allograft – From Donor
Autograft - From patient’s body
http://www.coe.pku.edu.cn/tpic/201072115415651.pdf
Says the Mesoenchymal stem cells are a better source of cells than ACL and MCL fibroblasts.
http://wings.buffalo.edu/academic/department/eng/mae/courses/417-517/Orthopaedic%20Biomechanics/Lecture%203u.pdfCombined with the slide on ligaments from the lecture, this link confirms the cells in ligaments are fibroblasts.
Composition of ligament from page 6 is:to be discussed tomorrow
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=A40OI8cfasYC&pg=PA521&lpg=PA521&dq=%22Anterior+cruciate+ligament+constructs+fabricated+from+human+mesenchymal+stem+cells+in+a+collagen+type+I+hydrogel%22&source=bl&ots=oC5B4KCcZq&sig=O4zKZXeysdTFSNhfnLRtA1Fa2M8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JMSMUuXrJvCZ0QXuk4GYAQ&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Anterior%20cruciate%20ligament%20constructs%20fabricated%20from%20human%20mesenchymal%20stem%20cells&f=false P505MSCs produce more collagen per cell.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16236634Abstract suggests that
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1. We take human MSC cells and "fabricate an ACL construct in vitro" (Batch)
2. Put them on collagen hydrogel with some kind of mineral cylinder to act as a bone, wait for a while, so they and the gel can attach to the bone. (Batch)
3. Then mechanically stretch them. (Batch cells, continuous nutrients and oxygen).
http://www.swetswise.com.ezproxye.bham.ac.uk/FullTextProxy/swproxy?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liebertonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.1089%2Ften.teb.2011.0465&ts=1384961187751&cs=3155515037&userName=8080910.ipdirect&emCondId=1244868&articleID=166735094&yevoID=99036740&titleID=509279&remoteAddr=147.188.128.74&hostType=PRO 2D and 3D mech stretching
This source states that at less than 1 Hz of load the cells align parallel to the direction of load. At 1 Hz or more they arrange themselves perpendicular to maintain “stress/strain homeostasis”. So to limit strain on the system.
http://pre.aps.org.ezproxyd.bham.ac.uk/pdf/PRE/v80/i6/e060901
Is meant to back this up.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16236634
Abstract says cyclic stretching at 1 Hz was applied for 2 weeks, 8 hours a day.
So does cell reproduction happen in the MSC phase or the fibro blast phase?
http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/pages/basics2.aspx
This source says that stem cells can divide and renew themselves over a long time.
http://elib.fk.uwks.ac.id/asset/archieve/e-book/BEDAH%20-%20SURGERY/Walsh_Repair%20and%20Regeneration%20of%20Ligaments%20Tendons%20and%20Joint%20Capsule.pdf
Page 281 states repair and regeneration are two separate things. Regeneration “mimics embryonic development”. For most “soft tissues”, there is a “race” between repair and regeneration. The “fibrotic repair response” results in scar tissue that is not as satisfactory as the original.
How do the MSC cells differentiate into fibro-blasts?
How many cells do we need to start with?
Work backwards from how many needed to produce.
What nutrients are needed for each type of cells?