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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Front-haul networking for 5G:
An analysis of technologies and
standardization
Hassan Halabian
Canada Research Center
November 2017
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 2
Cloud-RAN
Advantages:
Simplify the RRH site – Full outdoor, low cost
Better RAN network performance - Facilitates cooperative radio schemes, e.g., ICIC, CoMP, Massive MIMO
Future oriented – RAN virtualization
Fronthaul
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 3
CPRI widely Deployed For 4G
CPRI is - TDM based synchronous
interface/ Symmetrical serial data
link/Steady data stream, ”Always on”
Embedded Ethernet or HDLC streams
(C&M plane data)
I/Q data is the time samples of the wireless
analog signal (Data plane)
Front-haul capacity linearly scales with
Number of antenna ports/Number of sectors
Sampling rate (Radio spectrum BW)/I/Q bit-
width
Transmission overhead (coding and headers,
etc.)/compression factor etc
BER=10-12
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 4
Facing high bandwidth challenge
Big challenge for Massive MIMO (64T/64R) – Beyond
100Gbps requirement
But the real fronthaul bandwidth depends on configuration
– air spectrum bandwidth, Massive MIMO types etc
If Use 4G RAN Architecture for 5G
5
160
0
50
100
4G 5G
(Gbps)
x32with 4:1 compression
20 4
160
64
bandwidth(MHz)
Antenna num
4G
5G
x8 x16
CPRI Split Point
50~130 usBandwidth Boosting Sharply
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 5
eCPRI Protocol Stack
eCPRI Laye1: eCPRI over electrical cable
eCPRI over electrical backplane
eCPRI over optical fiber
eCPRI over Ethernet:
eCPRI messages shall be transmitted in
standard Ethernet frames
eCPRI over IP:
eCPRI messages shall be transmitted in
UDP/IP packets
Ethernet, VLAN (priority tag), MACsec
IP, IPsec
UDP
eCPRI specific protocol layer
User DataReal Time
C&M
eCPRI Services
IP,
IPsec
UDP, TCP,
SCTP, etc.
e.g.
SNMPPTP
C&M Synchronizationother eCPRI
services
SyncE
IP
UDP
Connection OAM
Ethernet
OAM
IP,
IPsec
UDP, TCP
ICMP
Transport Network Layer
Physical Layer
eCPRI Layer
User Sync Control
& Mgmnt
eRadio Equipment Control (eREC)
Transport Network Layer
Physical Layer
eCPRI Layer
User Sync Control
& Mgmnt
eRadio Equipment (eRE)
Transport Network
Fronthaul Network
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 6
When compare CPRI with eCPRI, we found more
challenges
If Use New RAN Architecture for 5G
1: 5G AAU weight increasing
Compared with CPRI part Phy function
embedded in 5G AAU
2: 5G AAU upgrade when add new
features
With Low Phy High Phy
3: Do not forget 4G: CPRI + eCPRI
•Ignore RAN challenges
•eCPRI used for fronthaul
10~25 Gbps
50~130 useCPRI Split Point
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 7
Possible 5G Fronthaul Solutions
Increasing 5G site number faces fiber limitation
Possible transport solutions:
CPRI&eCPRI CPRI&eCPRI
Scenario2: WDM
CPRI&eCPRI
CPRI&eCPRI
Scenario1: Eth based
Scenario3: PON
Limited fiber resource Site number increasing due to 4.5GHz/28GHz
Scenario4: MicrowaveE-band
4G BBU
5G CU/DU
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 8
Eth based Fronthaul Research Introduction
RAN Requirements
Define RRH/BBU Interface Implementation
Fronthaul Requirements Side
•Current focus: Profile(s) for current (CPRI 7.0)
•Next step is eCPRI
• Joint effort with CPRI Cooperation
• Joint effort with IETF DetNet WG
Last PAR 2018/07, SA Revcom approval: 2019/05
802.3br and 802.1Qbu : Frame preemption
802.1Qbv – Traffic Scheduling (time-gated queues)
Ethernet Based Fronthaul Network
• Another Team for Fronthaul based on Eth
• Already demo for CPRI over Eth
• Define new Eth Type for Fronthaul
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 9
IEEE 1914.3 – CPRI over Ethernet
Standard for Radio Over Ethernet (RoE) Encapsulations and Mappings, defines
The encapsulation of digitized radio
mapper/demapper functions to transfer CPRI streams over Ethernet.
The header format for encapsulation of existing digitized radio transport formats.
Three types of encapsulation techniques
structure–agnostic mapper: is only a container for the encapsulated digitized radio transport frames.
structure-aware mapper: has detailed knowledge of the encapsulated digitized radio transport format content
native RoE packet.
1914.3 eCPRI
Technology Only Ethernet UDP/IP/Eth and Eth. - any packet transport
Bandwidth CBR (CPRI encapsulation) and VBR (Native RoE only) User traffic related, VBR( ~10 fold reduction)
Topology P2P connection, P2P/Chain/Ring P2MP connection, flexible topology
RAN IQ time domain and freq. domain data (Native RoE only) Any functional split
Proprietary Performance
Enhancement Support
Limited Yes
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 10
IEEE 802.1 TSN Technology Overview
TSN Standards
LatencyBounded low latency:
Credit Based Shaper (802.1Qav)
Frame preemption (802.3br &
802.1Qbu)
Scheduled Traffic (802.1Qbv)
Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding
(802.1Qch) Asynchronous Traffic
Shaping (P802.1Qcr)
Reliability
Ultra reliability:
Frame Replication and Elimination
(P802.1CB)
Path Control and Reservation (802.1Qca)
Per-Stream Filtering and Policing
(802.1Qci)
Reliability for time sync (P802.1AS-Rev)
SynchronizationTime synchronization:
Timing and Synchronization
(802.1AS) includes a profile of IEEE
1588
Zero congestion loss
Resource Mgmt Dedicated resources & API
Stream Reservation Protocol (802.1Qat)
TSN configuration (P802.1Qcc)
YANG (P802.1Qcp)
Link-local Registration Protocol
(P802.1CS)
Converged network for Information Technology (IT) and Operational
Technology (OT) in LAN
Multi profiles for different applications – Video, Factory, Telecom…
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 11
Eth based Solution – Prototype Test
2016 – Lab POC, CPRI over Eth via PW(same as E1 PW), FlexEth;
No bandwidth saving, device needed when CPRI and eCPRI at the same site
3 × CPRI 7
(9.8304Gbps)encapsulation 40GE(NNI)IF
FPGA based, only lab POC
PW for CPRI
Eth
FlexEth
MAC
Shim PHY
Bonding
MAC
Subrate
EthChannelized
CPRI
Encapsulation of CPRI frame Multiplexing with FlexE
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 12
WDM Based Solution – FO/Colorless Module
15*Any Port
GE~10G
• Full Outdoor, w/o
site configuration
• Bi-Di, with 1+1
protection
• w/o optical layer
commissioning
O/E
Map/
Demap
OTN
OH oDSP
Colorful IF
E/O
2x50G
Current FO Solution
BBUOSN 1800
Centralized WDM Solution(Under R&D)
AAU
AAUCloud BB
Colorless SFP+
BiDi
Optical distribution
box
Shared laser (10 directions)passive
multiple wavelengths
Shared laserColorless SFP+(10G/25G)
…
GC Site
Compatible with CPRI/eCPRI – transparent for any traffic
Simple, low power consumption and save site fibers – without device
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 13
PON Based Solution–– Optimized DBA Algorithm
DBA logic
DBA report
Allocation
Time slot
SR T-CONT
NSR T-CONTScheduler
ONUPON Board - OLT
Control plane
Date plane
Current NG-PON DBA :350~550us DBA Optimization for 5G:50us~100us
• Assured-DBA/Max DBA, status report before bandwidth allocation : 1-2ms.
• Fixed-DBA, no need status report, delay will be 100-200us
• Periodic windowing, add delay 200-300us
SR-DBA
NSR-
DBA
Periodic
windowing
DBA logic
SR-DBA
NSR-
DBA
Periodic
windowing
DBA logic
SR-DBA
NSR-
DBA
New Periodic
windowing
Mechanism
LL-DBA
• LL-DBA, low latency DBA in future, delay will be about 50us~100us.
• Periodic windowing should have new mechanism to eliminate latency to
0.Notes: chipset and hardware must be changed to
support 50us~100us low latency DBA
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 14
Fronthaul Solution Summary
1WDM - Colorless
2Eth – RoE
4PON
• Transparent for CPRI/eCPRI: 4G&5G Compatible
• No site device: Simple, low power consumption
• Innovation: new optical module
• CPRI mapper/demapperneeded
• Limited functional splitting available
• Utilize the L2 switch supply chain
• Only Eth transport
• Reuse the existing ODN
• Upgrade PON capacity and optimize the DBA algorithm
3IP/Eth – eCPRI
• Open for performance enhancement
• Support any packet transport
• Flexible function splitting
• No support for CPRI
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