European Exploration, Trade, and the Clash of the Cultures

5th Grade

From the 1400s to the 1600s, Europeans ventured out to

explore what was to them the unknown world in an effort to reap the profits of trade and

colonization.

The BIG Idea

Objective 1Beginning in the 1400s, Europeans set forth in a

great wave of exploration and trade.

Objective 1Beginning in the 1400s,

Europeans set forth in a great

wave of exploration and

trade.

Objective 2European Motivations

A. Muslims controlled many trade routes.B. Profit through trade in goods such as

gold, silver, silks, sugar, and spices.C. Spread of Christianity: missionaries,

Bartolome de las Casas speaks out against enslavement and mistreatment of native peoples

Objective 2AEuropean Motivations

First, eastern middlemen, mainly Muslims, controlled the overland trade routes from Asia to Europe.

Objective 2BEuropean Motivations

Profit through trade in goods such as gold, silver, silks, sugar, and spices.

Objective 2BEuropean Motivations

Using all water routes to Asia

Objective 2CEuropean Motivations

Spread of Christianity

Objective 3Geography of the spice trade

A. The Moluccas, also known as the “Spice Islands”: part of present-day Indonesia

B. Locate the region known as Indochina, the Malay Peninsula, the Philippines.

C. Definition of “archipelago”D. “Ring of Fire”: earthquakes and

volcanic activity

Objective 3Geography of the spice trade

A. The Moluccas, also known as the “Spice Islands”: part of present-day Indonesia

Objective 3Geography of

the spice tradeB. Locate the region known as Indochina, the Malay Peninsula, the Philippines.

Objective 3Geography of the spice

tradeC. Define archipelago- A series of many islands

Objective 3Geography of the spice trade

D. “Ring of Fire”: earthquakes and volcanic activityWRONG

ONE!!

Objective 4European exploration, trade, and colonization

A. PortugalB. SpainC. England and FranceD. Holland (The Netherlands)

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationA. PortugalPrince Henry the

Navigator-

Prince Henry 1394-1460• Prince Henry established

a school for the study of navigation, mapmaking, and shipbuilding in 1420.

• His goal was to find a route to the rich spice trade of the Indies and to explore the west coast of Africa.

Prince Henry the NavigatorFinding a Water Route to Asia

Designing New Ships

• The ships of the day were too slow and too heavy to make long ocean voyages.

• Under Prince Henry’s direction, a new and lighter ship was developed, the caravel, which would allow sea captains to sail further and faster.

Caravels

• The caravel was an improvement on older ships because it could sail very fast and also sail well into the wind.

• Caravels had 2 or 3 masts with square sails or triangular sails.

• They were up to about 65 feet long and could carry roughly 130 tons of cargo.

Exploring the Coast of Africa

• During the two-year period from 1444 to 1446, Prince Henry intensified the exploration of Africa, sending between 30 and 40 of his ships on missions.

• The last voyage sponsored by Prince Henry sailed over 1,500 miles down the African coast.

A Lasting Legacy

• Although Prince Henry never sailed on the expeditions, the voyages that he paid for in the mid-1400s helped launch Portugal into the front of the race to find a sea route to the Indies.

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationA. PortugalBartolomeu Dias

Bartolomeu Dias 1487-1488

• Bartolomeu Dias became the first to sail all the way around the southern tip of Africa to the Cape of Good Hope.

• His ship was battered by fierce storms, his sailors grew hungry, sick, and frightened.

• Dias wanted to sail to India, but his sailors made him return to Portugal.

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationA. PortugalVasco da Gama

Vasco da Gama 1497-1499

• Almost 10 years after Dias reached the tip of Africa, Vasco da Gama sailed around the Cape of Good Hope to India.

• He took four ships and 170 men.• He sailed back to Portugal with his ship full of

spices but only returned with 55 of his sailors.• Da Gama finally found a sea route to Asia.

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationA. PortugalEast African Swahili City-States

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationA. PortugalPedro Cabral Claims Brazil

Objective 4European

Exploration, trade, and

colonizationB. SpainChristopher Columbus and the Tainos

He sailed from Spain in 1492 with three ships, the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa

Maria.

Objective 4European

Exploration, trade, and

colonizationB. SpainChristopher Columbus -sent home

Objective 4European

Exploration, trade, and

colonizationB. SpainBartolome de las Casas

Objective 4European Exploration, trade, and colonization

B. Spain - Treaty of Tordesillas

Objective 4European

Exploration, trade, and

colonizationB. SpainVasco Nunez de Balboa

Objective 4European

Exploration, trade, and

colonizationB. SpainMagellan and the Circumnavigation of the Globe

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationC. England and

France

Search for the

Northwest Passage

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationC. England and

FranceJohn Cabot

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationC. England and

FranceSamuel de Champlain

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationC. England and

FranceHenry Hudson

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationC. England and

France

English Colonies in North America

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationC. England and

France

Establishment of the

Thirteen English

Colonies in North America

Objective 4Establishment of the Thirteen

English Colonies in

North AmericaVirginia

Objective 4Establishment of the Thirteen

English Colonies in

North AmericaMassachusetts

Bay

Objective 4Establishment of

the Thirteen English

Colonies in North America

New Hampshire

Objective 4Establishment of the Thirteen

English Colonies in

North AmericaMaryland

Objective 4Establishment of the Thirteen

English Colonies in

North AmericaRhode Island

Objective 4Establishment of the Thirteen

English Colonies in

North AmericaConnecticut

Objective 4Establishment of

the Thirteen English

Colonies in North America

North and South Carolina

Objective 4Establishment

of the Thirteen English

Colonies in North America

New York

Objective 4Establishment

of the Thirteen English

Colonies in North AmericaNew Jersey

Objective 4Establishment

of the Thirteen English

Colonies in North AmericaPennsylvania

Objective 4Establishment

of the Thirteen English

Colonies in North America

Delaware

Objective 4Establishment

of the Thirteen English

Colonies in North America

Georgia

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationC. England and

France

English Colonies in the West

Indies

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationC. England and

France

French Colonies in

North America

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationC. England and

France

French Colonies in the West

Indies

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationC. England and

France

Trading Posts in

India

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationD. Holland (The Netherlands)

The Portuguese may have been the first to seek out the maritime route to Asia, but inadequate finances, the unprecedented novelty of their enterprise, and aggressive competition from other countries made it difficult for the Portuguese to hold on to their advantages.

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationD. Holland (The Netherlands)

Dutch versus Portuguese in Africa and the

East Indies

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationD. Holland (The Netherlands)

Cape Colony and South

Africa

Objective 4European

exploration, trade, and

colonizationD. Holland (The Netherlands)

New Netherland

Objective 5The sugar trade

A. African slaves on Portuguese sugar plantations on islands off West African coast, such as Sao Tome

B. Sugar plantations on Caribbean islandsC. West Indies: Cuba, Puerto Rico, The

Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica

Objective 5The sugar trade

A. African slaves on Portuguese sugar plantations on islands off West African coast, such as Sao Tome

Objective 5The sugar trade

B. Sugar plantations on Caribbean islands

Objective 5The sugar trade

C. West Indies: Cuba, Puerto Rico, The Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica

Objective 6Transatlantic slave trade: the

“triangular trade” from Europe to Africa to colonies in the

Caribbean and the AmericasA. The “Slave Coast” in West AfricaB. The Middle Passage

Objective 6Transatlantic slave trade:

the “triangular trade” from Europe to Africa to colonies

in the Caribbean and the Americas

A. The “Slave Coast” in West Africa

Objective 6Transatlantic slave trade:

the “triangular trade” from Europe to Africa to colonies

in the Caribbean and the Americas

B. The Middle Passage