from green building to green...
TRANSCRIPT
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From Green Building to Green Community
Dr. Edward Yiu
Legislative Council Member
Hong Kong 2016-2020
A Talk at Lee Woo Sing College, CUHK Date: 11 Nov. 2016
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Introduction
Global Warming
• Ramanathan’s warning 1985
Sustainable Development
• UN (1987)
Green Buildings
• 1980s
Zero Carbon Building
• 2000s
Carbon Neutral City
• Masdar initiative 2005
Green Community
• Yiu and Campos (2014)
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Why Green ? • The Greener, the Healthier and the Smarter
– hospital stays reduced by 8.5% when patients were in rooms with window-views of nature
– a 41% reduction in average length of stay for gynaecology patients in sunlit rooms over patients in dull rooms
– Controlling exposure to indoor environmental factors, such as carbon monoxide, dust, and pollen, could prevent more than 65% of asthma cases among elementary school-age children
– the classroom environment can affect a child’s academic progress over a year by as much as 25%.
– annual electricity bill for households is down by 25 per cent
http://www.worldgbc.org/files/1513/6690/5994/
WGBWeek_2013_-_Greener_Buildings_Better_Places_Healthier_People.pdf
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If NOT Green, then?
• Landfills full;
• Global warming;
• Flooding;
• Heat Island;
• Pollution;
• Diseases;
• Disasters?...
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An Atlas of Pollution
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• WWF-Hong Kong’s “Hong Kong Ecological Footprint Report 2016”:
• "Hong Kong people are living beyond the Earth’s limits. 3.9 Earths are needed if everyone lived the lifestyle of Hong Kong people."
HK Ecological Footprint
Biocapacity Ecological footprint 2008
Times
Hong Kong
0.01 global ha per person
5.4 global ha per person 540 times
World 1.7 global ha per person
2.6 global ha per person 1.5 times
http://awsassets.wwfhk.panda.org/downloads/hong_kong_ecological_footprint_report_2014.pdf
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• 7% net increase in a decade:
Electricity Consumption
Hong Kong 2005-2014
Industrial Use -27%
Commercial Use +13%
Domestic Use +27%
Total Consumption +7%
http://news.stheadline.com/dailynews/headline_news_detail_columnist.asp?i
d=332989§ion_name=wtt&kw=222
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IPCC 2014 • It is not about how to prevent drastic change of climate, • But it is now about how to mitigate! • It is time to take immediate and effective actions!!
http://www.ipcc.ch/
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CoP21 (2015) • UN Climate Change
Conference @Paris, Nov 2015 CoP21 – CMP11
• Paris Agreement on “Nationally Determined Contributions” (NDCs)
• NDCs of China: • Lower the carbon intensity of
GDP by 60% below 2005 levels by 2030.
• Carbon Intensity is a measure of how much carbon economies emit for every dollar of GDP they produce
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What is Sustainable?
• The Brundtland Commission of the United Nations (1987) defines “sustainable development" as:
– "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."
United Nations General Assembly (March 20, 1987).
"Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development:
Our Common Future; Chapter 2: Towards Sustainable Development.
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How to Achieve Sustainability?
•Reduce consumption of resources is the best way:
•- it reduces waste, pollution, and retains more materials for future use.
•Reuse and Recycle are limited to physical matters only. •because Energy CANNOT be reused/recycled/recovered!
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Why Energy CANNOT be Reused/Recycled?
• The Second Law of Thermodynamics (also known as the Law of Increased Entropy): – the entropy of an isolated system
never decreases, because an isolated system spontaneously evolves towards thermodynamic equilibrium; i.e.
– Usable energy is converted into unusable energy. Thus, usable energy is irretrievably lost in the form of unusable energy.
http://www.allaboutscience.org/second-law-of-thermodynamics.htm
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What is a ZCB? • Zero Carbon Building (ZCB) is
– a building with zero net energy consumption and zero carbon emissions annually.
– Buildings that produce a surplus of energy over the year may be called "energy-plus buildings.
^ US Department of Energy
•Energy consumption of WHAT? •Total Environment Costing (TEC)? ISO 14001? •How about energy consumption for the materials production, construction and dumping?
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3 different definitions of Zero Carbon Buildings
• 3 standard definitions of ZCB:
– a) Zero carbon dioxide emission for all;
– b) Offset of operating energy consumed from the grid by on-site renewable energy generation with grid-feed-in; or
– c) Offset embodied energy of its construction process and major structural materials.
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HK – the 1st ZCB
• CIC has built the first Zero Carbon Building in Hong Kong in 2012 (Kowloon Bay);
• GFA: 14,700sm
• Site Areas: 1,400sm
• Height: 2 storey
• Use: Exhibition and Education Centre.
GHG emission reduction by on-site renewable
energy: 8,250 tonnes (over 50 years)
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ZCB HK - Design
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ZCB HK - Renewable Energy
• photovoltaic panels
• biodiesel generation system
• large scale use of biodiesel made from waste cooking oil
• greenery coverage > 60% of the site
• Building Management System with smart control
• Energy (electricity, fuel)
• Water
• Food
• Materials
• Products Resources
IN
• Consumption
• Waste
City • Water Drained
• Gas Exhausted
• Kitchen Wastes
• Recyclable Wastes
• Other Solid Wastes
Wastes OUT
Rely on a lot of Resources Inputs
and Disposition of Outputs
Traditional City Model
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A Sustainable Model of Green Community
Individuals
Buildings
Community
City
Country / Global
Zero-energy
Zero-water
Zero-food
Zero-waste
Zero-material
5-level, 5-zeros
sustainability model
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UAE – Carbon Neutral City
• the Masdar initiative - a carbon-neutral, car-free, 1,482 acre sustainable city powered by the sun, in United Arab Emirates;
• The development project is expected to be completed by 2023, at an estimated cost of $22bn, designed by Norman Foster.
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A Trial of 4-zero Community
• A Zero-energy, Zero-water, Zero-food and Zero-waste Community:
• Yiu and Compos (2013) Sustainable Communities, ISSF 2014, or:
• http://ecyy.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/9/3/12935669/sustainable_building
s_2013.pdf
HKAEE Golden Award 2015
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Reduce Waste / Recycle
Reduction
Reuse
Recycle
15 items
Collect Organic
Wastes Collect Rain
Water
Solar
Energy
Education &
Training
Information &
Measurements
Competitions
and Awards
Energy
Saving Farming Fertilizers
Cleansing Cleansing
Liquid
Sharing
Economy
Empowerment
& Cooperation
Green scape
Reduce Pollution
At Source
Reduce Waste
from Source
Residents’
Participations
Food Self-
Sufficiency
Reduce Inputs
Reduce Wastes
A Green Housing Estate Scheme
Zero Energy
(Saved 40%)
Reduction of Electricity Consumption
• LED, Energy Efficient Motors, Water-cooling A/C*
• Auto Switch-off, PPO
Natural Renewable Energy
• Solar Panels, Wind Turbines*
Other Auxiliary Installations
• Bicycles for Charging, Tree Planting against Heat Island Effects
• Kids Plantation Day, Energy Saving Competitions
Zero Water
(Saved Water)
Save Water
• Recycle grey water, Aquaponics, Reduce water tank cleansing times
Other Sources
• Collect rain water for planting, Salt water for flushing*
Others
• Water saving competitions
Zero Food
(Local Farms)
Urban Farms
• Farms on rooftop, open area and garden, vertical farms, interior farms
Foodscape
• Aquaponics, edible landscape, fruit trees*
Farmers’ Markets*
• Harvest Festivals*, Local Food Cuisines
Others
• Food consumption reduction competitions
Zero Waste
(Reduce Solid Waste 15%)
Sharing Economy
• Barter, Time-money notes, Sharing, Car pools*
Composting
• Kitchen Waste and Leaves Collections
Recycling
• 24 items, Producers’ Responsibility
• Fruit peels collection for cleansing agents Others
• Recycle Competition, Improve Air Quality
• Preserve Ecology, Social and Cultural Heritage
Green Path and Green Corners
Aquaponics
Farming and Food Landscape
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43% landscape area (3 ha)
No. of trees = 479 (absorb
11,017t CO2/yr)
Vertical green walls
Greenery
Merge with Green belts and country parks
Biodiversity, including 60 species of birds, insects,
endangered toad and vulnerable frog
Old Valuable Trees, Hundred Years Old Heritage
Ecological and Heritage
Preservation
紅嘴藍鵲 (Blue Magpie), Urocissa
erythrorhyncha
Eco Enzyme
Leaves and Branches
Composting
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Reducing Wastes, Reducing Purchases
It saves
29,232 litres of
Cleansing Liquid
Sharing Economy
It saves
914 books
and 167 items
In 2014
Sharing: Books, Toys, Sports Equipment, Furniture, Baby Stuffs, Musical Instruments, Electrical Appliances
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27 Recyclable Items
Carbon Powder Cartridges
Rechargable Batteries
Construction Materials
Producer Responsibility
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Reduce 15% Solid Wastes in 2015Q1
Reduction of Wastes
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45
50
55
60
65
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
2014 2015
Daily Reduction of Solid Domestic Waste (in 660L Bins)
Energy Saving
LED
Transformer
Lift Control System
Solar Panels
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Smart Grids
• Smart grids allow selling electricity by users to the electricity grid of the district.
• Offsetting GHG becomes possible.
From 2004 to 2013, it saves 9,011,934 Kwh electricity (7,570t CO2)
It saves 47.5 % electricity consumption
Energy Saving
Green Kids
• http://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80/53155/-
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%E6%A4%8D%E6%A8%B9%E7%A8%AE%E5%87%BA%E9%84%B0%E9%87%8C%E6%83%85-
%E5%B0%8F%E5%B1%85%E6%B0%91%E6%90%9E%E5%A2%9F%E5%82%B3%E7%92%B0%E4%BF%9D 44
More 4 Zero Communities
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• Green Community:
– 4-zero Scheme
– Circular Economy
– Self-Sufficient
• If you are interested in promoting green communities,
you are welcome to join our team