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ENVIRONMENTAL INCEPTION REPORT

Xstrata Frieda River Limited

Frieda River Project September 2009

© Coffey Natural Systems Pty Ltd September 2009

Project director Michael Jones

Project manager Heath Doodie

Version: Details: Approved: Date: CR 128_12_v1 Draft for client review M. Jones 5 June 2009

CR 128_12_v2 Draft for client review M. Jones 7 July 2009

CR 128_12_v3 Draft for DEC comment M. Jones 10 July 2009

CR 128_12_v4 Formal submission to DEC M. Jones 28 September 2009

ENVIRONMENTAL INCEPTION REPORT Xstrata Frieda River Limited

Frieda River Project

September 2009

Environmental Inception Report Frieda River Project

i

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Project Overview 1 1.2 This Report 4

2. PURPOSE OF THE DEVELOPMENT 5

3. VIABILITY OF THE PROJECT 7 3.1 Proponent’s Credentials 7 3.2 Feasibility Investigations 7 3.3 Sustainable Development 8

4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 11 4.1 General 11 4.2 Preliminary Project Description 11

5. DEVELOPMENT TIMETABLE 13

6. BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 15 6.1 Biophysical Environment Setting 15 6.2 Issues 15 6.3 Proposed Studies 16

7. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUES 25 7.1 Socio-economic Setting 25 7.2 Issues 25

7.2.1 Group A Impacts (Direct) 26 7.2.2 Group B Impacts (Indirect) 27

7.3 Proposed Studies 27

8. AVAILABILITY OF BASELINE INFORMATION AND DATA 35

9. SITE SELECTION 37

10. QUALIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS 39 10.1 Lead Environmental Consultant 39 10.2 Specialist Subconsultants 40

11. REFERENCES 43

12. ACRONYMS 45


ii

Figures

1.1 Project location 2 1.2 Mine infrastructure 3 5.1 Indicative project schedule 14

Tables

3.1 Current resource estimate 8 5.1 Project development timetable 13 6.1 Proposed environmental studies 17 7.1 Proposed socio-economic studies 29 10.1 Key personnel – Coffey Natural Systems 39 10.2 Specialist subconsultants 40

Appendices

1 Document Log – Environmental Baseline Reports 2 Document Log – Socio-economic Reports


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1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Overview Xstrata Frieda River Limited (XFRL), which is wholly owned by Xstrata plc and managed by Xstrata Copper, is proposing to develop the Frieda River Project, located in Sandaun Province close to the border with East Sepik Province in northern Papua New Guinea (PNG). The project lies some 250 km south of the northern coastline of mainland PNG and 75 km east of the border with the Indonesian province of West Papua (Figure 1.1), and 90 km northeast of the Ok Tedi mine.

Copper mineralisation was discovered at Frieda River in the 1960s and comprises a cluster of copper-gold deposits. The most significant of these is the Horse-Ivaal-Trukai porphyry deposit and the high-grade epithermal Nena copper-gold deposit. These deposits collectively contain an estimated 5.6 Mt of copper and 325 t of gold.

The Horse-Ivaal-Trukai porphyry deposit contains about 1 Bt of ore that will be mined at a rate of approximately 50 Mt/year over some 22 years. The Nena deposit contains about 50 Mt of ore that is likely to be mined at a rate of approximately 4 Mt/year over 12 years.

The project is one of the world’s largest undeveloped copper and gold deposits.

Exploration, metallurgical, engineering, commercial and environmental investigations have been conducted from time to time since discovery. The positive outlook for copper demand led to a resumption of studies in 2007 into the feasibility of a project to mine the Frieda River resource.

The project’s main milestones through feasibility studies to development are:

• 2007: scoping study.

• 2008: extended scoping study (ESS).

• 2009: pre-feasibility study (PFS) and environmental investigations and testwork.

• 2010: PFS completed; feasibility study investigations; environmental impact statement (EIS) submitted.

• 2011: feasibility study complete (August); project sanction by XFRL.

• 2012: potential detailed design and execution.

• 2016: potential first production.

Details of the project's design are yet to be finally determined and further engineering may change some aspects of the project description. The orebodies will be developed by open pits at Horse-Ivaal-Trukai and Nena and the following project outline (provided as general information) and Figure 1.2 reflect the current status (further detail is provided in Chapter 4).


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• Deposits:

– Copper-gold deposits at Horse-Ivaal-Trukai and Nena.

• Infrastructure:

– Waste rock facilities.

– Tailing storage facility (TSF).

– Processing plant.

– Roads, bridges, telecommunications, barging, accommodation, coastal and river ports.

– Copper concentrate will be conveyed via pipeline. This would require associated pump stations, diesel-powered generators and a maintenance road.

– Airport able to service international flights.

– Power supply options including hydro-electric schemes (storage and run-of-river) and thermal generation (coal or gas) with associated transmission lines.

• Copper and gold sales (export).

1.2 This Report This environmental inception report (EIR) has been prepared under the provisions of the PNG Environment Act 2000 and in accordance with the PNG Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) ‘Guideline for Preparation of Environmental Inception Report‘ (DEC, 2004).

The project is a Level 3 activity under the Environment Act 2000 (Sub-category 17), for which an EIS is required. An EIR is required to be completed prior to carrying out a detailed environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) and submitting an EIS.

The objectives of the EIR process are to:

• Identify the potential environmental and social issues associated with developing the project. • Describe the scope of the EIS to address those issues. • Initiate the formal process of stakeholder consultation. • Enable DEC to review the proposed EIS scope and redress any shortcomings.

When DEC is satisfied that the proposed scope of the EIS lists all the relevant issues relating to the project’s impacts on the environment, approval of the EIR will be granted.

The purpose and objectives of the project are described in Chapter 2 of this report. The social and biophysical impacts of existing mining projects in PNG provide a guide to the potential issues associated with the project, and these are set out in chapters 6 and 7 of this report. The other chapters address the remaining matters listed in DEC (2004).


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2. PURPOSE OF THE DEVELOPMENT

The proposed development will mine copper and associated gold at the Horse-Ivaal-Trukai and Nena copper-gold deposits, potentially generate its own power using a hydro-electric power scheme or thermal energy (gas or coal fired) and employ methods that are environmentally responsible, technologically achievable and economically viable. As such, the project is consistent with the Fourth National Goal and Directive Principle of the Constitution of PNG, which states:

We declare our Fourth Goal to be for Papua New Guinea’s natural resources and environment to be conserved and used for the collective benefit of us all, and be replenished for the benefit of future generations.

Mining of these deposits presents a potential new source of wealth and growth for PNG. The project will: contribute to the capital wealth of the nation; improve the nation’s balance of trade; bring benefits to the national, provincial and local economies in the form of direct and indirect taxation, royalties and new business opportunities; provide new infrastructure to an undeveloped region; provide employment and training opportunities; and have a positive social effect within PNG. In particular, these benefits would be maintained for the nominal project life to at least 2038 (22-year project life) and possibly beyond should additional commercial mineral resources be discovered in the project area.

The environmental and socio-economic considerations relevant to the project are governed by the Environment Act 2000, which provides for, and gives effect to, the national goals and principles of the constitution.

From XFRL’s perspective, the commercial objective of the proposed development is the profitable operation of a mine and ore-processing facility. This will be undertaken in accordance with leading industry practice and in compliance with the conditions and standards prescribed by the PNG Government. It will also be undertaken in a manner that is consistent with XFRL’s principles and objectives for sustainable development, which involve developing the project in a climate of public participation and support, and in a manner that maximises the positive impacts and minimises the negative ones. In particular, XFRL will ensure that the specific needs of local communities are taken into account wherever possible during project planning and implementation, and that adverse effects on local communities, their resources and the environment are minimised.


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7

3. VIABILITY OF THE PROJECT

3.1 Proponent’s Credentials Xstrata plc (Xstrata) is a global diversified mining group, listed on the London and Zurich Stock exchanges, with its headquarters in Zug, Switzerland. Xstrata’s business activities encompass seven major international commodity markets: copper, coking coal, thermal coal, ferrochrome, nickel, vanadium and zinc, with additional exposures to gold, cobalt, lead and silver, recycling facilities and a suite of global technology products. Xstrata is currently the fifth largest diversified metals and mining company in the world, with operations and projects in 19 countries, a top 5 market position in each of its major commodities, and a workforce of approximately 56,000 people, including contractors.

Xstrata Copper, which is one of the five global commodity business units within Xstrata, has its headquarters in Brisbane, Australia, with mining operations and projects that span seven countries and include: mines, mineral processing plants and port facilities in North Queensland, Australia; mining and processing operations and port facilities in Chile, Peru and Argentina in South America; and mining and processing plants in Canada. It also has a recycling business (Xstrata Recycling) with facilities in Canada, USA and Asia. Xstrata Copper is the fourth largest global copper producer, with an annual production of over 1,000,000 tonnes.

The proponent for the Frieda River Project is Xstrata Frieda River Limited (XFRL) and is wholly owned by Xstrata. The Frieda River Project is held through an unincorporated joint venture that is managed by XFRL. The participants and their equity in the project are:

• XFRL (76.2%). • Highlands Pacific Limited (16.9%). • Overseas Mineral Resources Development (6.9%).

Under the terms of the joint venture agreement between these participants, the equity split may change as the project progesses.

3.2 Feasibility Investigations Studies undertaken to date by XFRL include a Concept (Scoping) Study in 2007/2008, followed by an Extended Scoping Study (ESS) in 2008. The current project description (Chapter 4) is based largely on the findings of the ESS. The project progressed to pre-feasibility study (PFS) stage in early 2009 and that study includes a number of technical and related studies (including some that will support the EIS) such as:

• A continued drilling program to: collect geotechnical information for the deposit; further define the Horse-Ivaal-Trukai and Nena deposits, pit shell and production schedule; and obtain samples for metallurgical testwork.

• Additional drilling to allow a geotechnical assessment of selected mine infrastructure locations.

• Mine planning.


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• Infrastructure study (accommodation, water supply, access roads, hydro-power dam, airport and pipeline routes).

• Metallurgical test work.

• Tailing and waste rock management options.

• Capital and operating cost estimates.

• Assisting government officers determine landownership in the areas affected by the project.

• Engaging with provincial governments to ensure adequate regional planning.

• Socio-economic studies to:

– Establish existing conditions.

– Identify potential economic, educational, health, employment and social development opportunities.

– Provide a basis for a socio-economic impact assessment.

– Determine management priorities.

• Environmental studies to:

– Establish existing conditions. – Investigate and optimise management of waste materials. – Provide a basis for environmental impact assessment. – Determine the conservation and resource protection priorities.

The viability of the project will reflect a combination of economic, engineering, environmental and social considerations that will be assessed in the feasibility study (FS), should the PFS be successfully completed and the required criteria met. The current resource estimate is shown in Table 3.1, although it should be noted that this will be further refined over the course of the PFS as more detailed information becomes available.

Table 3.1 Current resource estimate*

Nena deposit 51 Mt @ 2.43% Cu, 0.57 g/t Au

Horse-Ivaal-Trukai deposit 840 Mt @ 0.53% Cu, 0.28 g/t Au

*Total resource (Indicated and Inferred; 0.3% Cu cut-off for Horse-Ivaal-Trukai and 0.5% Cu cut-off at Nena); refer to the Competent Person’s report on the Xstrata plc web page for details.

3.3 Sustainable Development From a global perspective, Xstrata Copper is a signatory to the International Council on Mining and Metals’ Sustainable Development principles, and is committed to the highest standards of health, safety, environmental and community performance. Xstrata sets aside a minimum of 1% of profit before tax each year to fund Corporate Social Involvement (CSI) programs to support initiatives that contribute to the prosperity and sustainable development of the communities in which Xstrata operates. In 2007, Xstrata set aside US$102 million to support the communities that host its operations, employees and their families.


9

At a local level, XFRL recognises that a social licence to operate is fundamental to successful business operations. The company will therefore engage, employ and work with the local people and the local, provincial and national governments to maximise socio-economic benefits before, during and after project development. This will be reflected in programs and commitments described in the EIS and the Memorandum of Agreement, and the various plans and policies that will address issues such as community development, employment and training, procurement and supply, and education assistance. In particular, XFRL will help local communities build the required capacity to ensure that a positive and lasting legacy is created and sustained throughout the project and beyond mine closure.


10



11

4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

4.1 General

The project description given below is based on the results of the Extended Scoping Study (ESS) (SKM, 2009) and is intended as a guide only. The project description is likely to change through the PFS, FS and subsequent planning phases, although the major project components (and options until eliminated) are likely to remain fundamentally similar to those described below. Should they occur, significant changes will be communicated to DEC and the Mineral Resource Authority.

4.2 Preliminary Project Description The estimated capital cost for the project is US$4.2 billion, with the main project features to include (see figures 1.1 and 1.2):

• Nominal ore production:

– Horse-Ivaal-Trukai: approximately 1 Bt @ 0.5% Cu and 0.3 g/t Au. Production rate: 50 Mt/year. Nominal mine life: 22 years.

– Nena: approximately 50 Mt @ 2.4% Cu and 0.6 g/t Au. Production rate: 4 Mt/year. Nominal mine life: 12 years.

• Waste rock production at a nominal rate of 60 Mt/year.

• Ore processing by conventional comminution and a two-line sulfide flotation plant to produce a copper/gold sales concentrate.

• Road access to a site near Iniok on the Sepik River or near Aitape for importing site consumables.

• 260-km-long concentrate pipeline and an adjacent maintenance road to a sea port near Aitape with a dewatering and storage facility and power station.

• Sea port near Aitape for export of concentrate via 50,000 dwt ships.

• Airport (international-class) at a site near Kaugami.

• Tailing thickened and sent by slurry pipeline to a permanent, low, engineered TSF in a shallow valley bordering the floodplain to the west of the Frieda River (see Figure 1.2).

• Hydro-electric power generation from a dam on the Frieda River and a run-of-river scheme on the Usage River.

• Single persons’ accommodation built at site with an operations workforce flown in from regional centres at Ambunti, Telefomin and Aitape.


12

Construction will be serviced by a road from a barge terminal on the Sepik River near Iniok.

A number of options are currently under investigation for the following facilities:

• Power supply: gas-powered generation in Western Province or coal-powered generation at Aitape as alternatives to hydro-power.

• Waste rock dumps: in the Ok Binai valley for the Horse-Ivaal-Trukai waste rock, adjacent to the Nena pit for the Nena waste rock, or in the hydro-electric reservoir.

• Tailing storage:

– Tailing thickened and sent by slurry pipeline to a permanent, low, engineered TSF at an alternative site to the west of the May River at Hotmin (see Figure 1.2).

– In the hydro-electric reservoir or co-disposal with the waste rock in the Ok Binai valley.


13

5. DEVELOPMENT TIMETABLE

The PFS for the project has commenced and an indicative timetable for the development of the project is outlined in Table 5.1 and shown in Figure 5.1.

Table 5.1 Project development timetable

Timing Milestone 2007 Scoping Study

2008 Extended Scoping Study

2009 Pre-feasibility Study (completed by August 2010)

2010 Submit EIS

2011 Feasibility Study (completed by January 2012)

2012 Early works (roads and dam construction)

2012 Detailed design and execution

2013 Concentrate facility construction

2014 Commence mine development

2016 First production of copper concentrate

It is anticipated that pre-stripping will commence in 2012. A lengthy construction period will be required if hydro-electric power generation via the storage reservoir on the Frieda River is chosen as the preferred option.


15

6. BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

This section outlines the biophysical environmental setting and sensitivities of the proposed project area and provides perspective to the proposed investigations, which are also described herein.

6.1 Biophysical Environment Setting The components of the Frieda River Project, including the proposed mine site and process plant, infrastructure corridors, concentrate dewatering and storage facilities, and port facility near Aitape, cover a diverse range of geographical areas.

The Frieda River Project is situated within the Sepik River catchment. The proposed mine site is located in mountainous terrain on the northern slopes of the Thurnwald Range. The deposits (Horse-Ivaal-Trukai and Nena) drain into the Nena River, a tributary of the Frieda River, which flows north to join the Sepik River (see figures 1.1 and 1.2). Altitudes vary from approximately 50 m at Frieda Strip (airstrip) to approximately 1,700 m some 5 km south of Nena. The area is seismically active, with corresponding implications for project infrastructure and, importantly, mine waste retention structures.

Climatically, the area is classified as wet tropical and recorded mean monthly temperatures vary between 21.5ºC and 23.1ºC (NSR, 1999). Mean annual rainfall at the proposed mine site is in excess of 8 m compared to an estimated mean annual evaporation of 1 to 1.2 m (NSR, 1999). Drainage is controlled by steep, rapidly-flowing mountain streams flanked by dense tropical rainforest. Watercourses demonstrate a rapid response to rainfall given the limited storage capacity of the catchments.

The Frieda River Project area is covered almost entirely by tropical rainforest classified as ‘medium crowned lowland hill forest’. There has been very little disturbance to the vegetation in the surrounding area, either by exploration activities or by local people clearing land for gardens. In the Nena catchment, the height of the dominant canopy has been estimated to be in excess of 30 m. Kauri (Agathis labillardieri) is the dominant species overall (although not in the immediate vicinity of the project area).

The project area is known to contain a high diversity of terrestrial fauna, in particular mammals and frogs, in comparison with other remote areas of the PNG Highlands. Both flora and fauna tend to have affinities with western New Guinea and the abundance of species that are rare elsewhere is expected to be high. By comparison, aquatic fauna is lower in abundance and diversity than the Fly River and other southern PNG rivers (NSR, 1999).

6.2 Issues The proposed development of the Frieda River Project raises the following key environmental issues:

• The effects of increased solids loading on the rivers draining the project area and their subsequent transport and deposition.


16

• The effects of runoff from areas disturbed by the project on downstream water quality, water use, riparian and aquatic habitats and biota, and subsistence and commercial fisheries.

• Behaviour of the hydro-electric scheme reservoir and its capacity to overturn during specific climatic conditions.

• The effects of attenuating water flows and the maintenance of environmental flows in the Frieda River downstream of the hydro-electric scheme reservoir.

• Acid rock drainage (ARD) potential and its management during operations and following mine closure.

• Surface storage/disposal of waste rock, especially the management of soft (incompetent) rock.

• Tailing management (TSF):

– Structural integrity and geochemical stability of the TSF. – Water management within the TSF. – Management of excess water released from the TSF under all likely conditions.

• Terrestrial, aquatic and nearshore marine biodiversity issues (with particular focus on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity due to the project’s environmental setting, as described in Section 6.1).

• Flood frequency (and/or impacts on small-scale, alluvial mining activity if such activities occur close to, or downstream of, the project area).

• Rehabilitation of areas disturbed by the project and decommissioning of project facilities and infrastructure.

Second order issues are those that, while requiring investigation and management to meet standards and appropriate mine operating practice, are of secondary concern relative to the main risks discussed above (unless additional investigation indicates otherwise). These include issues such as emissions to air (including CO2 and other greenhouse gases), noise, vibration, airblast, non-mine waste (including sewage and sanitary landfill wastes), water extraction, land contamination, archaeology, progressive rehabilitation, and monitoring and reporting.

6.3 Proposed Studies

The proposed environmental studies listed in Table 6.1 will build on the information already collected in previous and ongoing environmental studies and monitoring campaigns. Upon completion of the investigations, formulation of management and mitigation measures and assessment of the project’s residual impact will be carried out and reported in the EIS.

In addition to the following studies, the EIS will outline:

• A Disaster and Emergency Management Plan. • A Tailing Spill Contingency Plan.

The detailed plans will be developed and submitted to the PNG Government prior to commencement of operations.

All project stakeholders will be consulted during the preparation of the EIS and additional issues raised during this process will be addressed as required in the EIS.

Env

ironm

enta

l Inc

eptio

n R

epor

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ieda

Riv

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17

Tabl

e 6.

1 Pr

opos

ed e

nviro

nmen

tal s

tudi

es

Tech

nica

l Stu

dy

Obj

ectiv

es

Task

s H

ydro

logy

(sur

face

an

d gr

ound

wat

er)

and

met

eoro

logy

• C

hara

cter

ise

stre

am fl

ow in

the

proj

ect a

rea,

incl

udin

g th

e ca

tchm

ents

of t

he p

ropo

sed

hydr

o-el

ectri

c re

serv

oir,

and

dow

nstre

am.

• C

hara

cter

ise

the

grou

ndw

ater

hyd

rolo

gica

l reg

ime

in th

e pr

ojec

t are

a.

• B

uild

a s

uita

ble

hydr

olog

ical

dat

abas

e fo

r use

in

plan

ning

the

proj

ect’s

wat

er s

uppl

y an

d th

e m

ine’

s w

ater

m

anag

emen

t sch

eme.

• P

rovi

de in

form

atio

n th

at w

ill a

llow

cal

cula

tion

of th

e do

wns

tream

dilu

tion

of m

ine-

deriv

ed c

onta

min

ants

that

m

ay e

nter

the

river

sys

tem

.

• O

btai

n si

te-s

peci

fic h

ydro

-met

eoro

logi

cal d

ata.

• C

ontin

ue th

e hy

drom

et n

etw

ork

data

col

lect

ion

prog

ram

(gau

ging

sta

tions

, plu

viog

raph

s an

d w

eath

er s

tatio

ns).

• D

eter

min

e riv

er fl

ow s

tatis

tics.

• C

olle

ct to

tal s

uspe

nded

sol

ids

(TS

S) g

rab

sam

ples

at a

ll ga

ugin

g st

atio

ns, i

nclu

ding

dep

th

inte

grat

ed T

SS

sam

ples

at e

ach

of th

e th

ree

Sep

ik R

iver

gau

ging

sta

tions

.

• R

e-es

tabl

ish

wat

er le

vel r

ecor

ders

with

rain

fall

mea

sure

men

t at s

elec

ted

site

s.

• D

escr

ibe

the

exis

ting

grou

ndw

ater

hyd

rolo

gy in

the

proj

ect a

rea.

• A

sses

s th

e lik

ely

chan

ges

to lo

cal g

roun

dwat

er h

ydro

logy

and

qua

lity

as a

resu

lt of

pro

ject

de

velo

pmen

t.

Sur

face

wat

er

qual

ity

• E

stab

lish

a ba

selin

e de

scrib

ing

the

rang

e of

bac

kgro

und

wat

er a

nd s

edim

ent q

ualit

y co

nditi

ons

in s

urfa

ce w

ater

s.

• E

stab

lish

the

back

grou

nd ra

nge

of s

uspe

nded

sed

imen

t co

nditi

ons.

• P

rovi

de a

bas

elin

e ag

ains

t whi

ch fu

ture

con

ditio

ns c

an

be c

ompa

red.

• C

ondu

ct w

ater

sam

plin

g at

regu

lar i

nter

vals

for s

urfa

ce w

ater

bod

ies

in th

e pr

ojec

t are

a,

with

regu

lar s

ampl

ing

capt

urin

g bo

th h

igh

(wet

sea

son)

and

low

flow

(dry

sea

son)

eve

nts,

an

d in

clud

ing

on-g

oing

opp

ortu

nist

ic h

igh

flow

eve

nts.

• O

btai

n be

d se

dim

ent s

ampl

es a

t sel

ecte

d si

tes.

• A

naly

se w

ater

and

bed

sed

imen

t sam

ples

for m

etal

s an

d ph

ysic

al a

nd c

hem

ical

pa

ram

eter

s.

Min

e w

aste

ge

oche

mis

try

• C

hara

cter

ise

all m

ine

mat

eria

ls w

ith p

oten

tial f

or

caus

ing

AR

D o

r pro

blem

atic

wat

er q

ualit

y.

• A

sses

s th

e su

itabi

lity

of w

aste

mat

eria

ls to

be

used

as

an a

cid

neut

ralis

ing

reso

urce

and

a s

ubst

rate

for

reve

geta

tion.

• A

ssis

t in

desi

gnin

g A

RD

con

trol m

easu

res.

• Im

plem

ent a

sam

plin

g an

d an

alys

is p

rogr

am to

cha

ract

eris

e th

e A

RD

pot

entia

l of t

he s

ite,

incl

udin

g la

g tim

e es

timat

es a

nd lo

ng-te

rm b

ehav

iour

of p

robl

emat

ic m

ater

ial.

• D

evel

op a

sim

ple

site

wat

er q

ualit

y m

odel

(con

cent

ratio

ns a

nd lo

ads)

to p

redi

ct th

e qu

ality

an

d qu

antit

y of

resi

dual

runo

ff, le

acha

tes

and

disc

harg

ed w

ater

s fro

m th

e de

sign

ed p

its,

was

te d

umps

, sto

ckpi

les

and

TSF

durin

g co

nstru

ctio

n, o

pera

tions

and

pos

t clo

sure

.

• In

ass

ocia

tion

with

the

min

e pl

anni

ng te

am, d

esig

n ef

fect

ive

and

affo

rdab

le m

easu

res

to

cont

rol A

RD

and

ach

ieve

acc

epta

ble

wat

er q

ualit

y do

wns

tream

from

the

min

e, w

aste

du

mp,

ore

sto

ckpi

les

and

the

TSF.

• E

valu

ate

the

long

-term

AR

D im

plic

atio

ns fo

r clo

sure

pla

nnin

g an

d m

ake

spec

ific

reco

mm

enda

tions

for m

inim

isat

ion

of A

RD

risk

in th

e lo

ng te

rm.

Env

ironm

enta

l Inc

eptio

n R

epor

t Fr

ieda

Riv

er P

roje

ct

18

Tabl

e 6.

1 Pr

opos

ed e

nviro

nmen

tal s

tudi

es (c

ont’d

)

Tech

nica

l Stu

dy

Obj

ectiv

es

Task

s H

ydro

-ele

ctric

re

serv

oir l

imno

logy

•

Ass

ess

the

likel

y lim

nolo

gica

l beh

avio

ur o

f the

Frie

da

hydr

o-el

ectri

c re

serv

oir (

with

and

with

out m

ine

was

tes)

du

ring

fillin

g, o

pera

tions

, pos

t clo

sure

and

, if

appr

opria

te, d

urin

g ov

ertu

rnin

g.

• P

redi

ct th

e w

ater

qua

lity

with

in th

e Fr

ieda

hyd

ro-e

lect

ric

rese

rvoi

r (w

ith a

nd w

ithou

t min

e w

aste

s) a

nd

dow

nstre

am in

the

Frie

da R

iver

dur

ing

fillin

g, o

pera

tions

, po

st c

losu

re a

nd, i

f app

ropr

iate

, dur

ing

over

turn

ing.

• R

evie

w in

-cou

ntry

and

inte

rnat

iona

l cas

e st

udie

s of

the

limno

logy

of m

ount

ain

lake

s/re

serv

oirs

in s

imila

r tro

pica

l, hi

gh ra

infa

ll se

tting

s.

• C

reat

e a

conc

eptu

al m

odel

of t

he li

kely

lim

nolo

gica

l beh

avio

ur o

f the

Frie

da h

ydro

-ele

ctric

re

serv

oir i

nclu

ding

stra

tific

atio

n an

d m

ixin

g.

• P

redi

ct w

ater

qua

lity

with

in th

e re

serv

oir a

nd d

owns

tream

in th

e Fr

ieda

Riv

er (i

nclu

ding

do

wns

tream

wat

er fl

ows)

dur

ing

oper

atio

ns, a

fter c

losu

re a

nd a

lso

durin

g ov

ertu

rnin

g ep

isod

es, w

ith a

nd w

ithou

t min

e w

aste

s in

the

rese

rvoi

r.

• P

ropo

se fe

asib

le a

nd a

fford

able

reco

mm

enda

tions

to a

chie

ve im

prov

ed w

ater

qua

lity

with

in th

e re

serv

oir a

nd d

ownr

iver

.

• R

epea

t the

wat

er q

ualit

y pr

edic

tions

and

out

line

the

likel

y be

nefit

to w

ater

qua

lity

with

in

the

rese

rvoi

r and

dow

nstre

am in

the

Frie

da R

iver

.

Sed

imen

t ch

arac

teris

atio

n an

d tra

nspo

rt

• E

valu

ate

the

sedi

men

t tra

nspo

rt im

plic

atio

ns o

f diff

eren

t pr

ojec

t arr

ange

men

t opt

ions

that

are

und

er

cons

ider

atio

n.

• D

evel

op m

itiga

tion

mea

sure

s an

d, o

nce

thes

e ar

e fin

alis

ed, p

redi

ct p

roje

ct-r

elat

ed c

hang

es in

sus

pend

ed

and

bed

load

sed

imen

t tra

nspo

rt ra

tes,

and

dow

nstre

am

impl

icat

ions

.

• E

stim

ate

exis

ting

susp

ende

d an

d be

d lo

ad s

edim

ent t

rans

port

rate

s at

key

loca

tions

.

• C

onst

ruct

a s

edim

ent t

rans

port

mod

el.

• Id

entif

y pr

ojec

t-wid

e so

urce

s of

fugi

tive

sedi

men

t gen

erat

ion,

and

wor

k w

ith th

e de

sign

te

ams

to p

rodu

ce fe

asib

le a

nd a

fford

able

mea

sure

s to

miti

gate

fugi

tive

sedi

men

t ge

nera

tion.

• E

stim

ate

the

chan

ges

in s

uspe

nded

load

and

bed

load

gen

erat

ed fr

om p

roje

ct

com

pone

nts

(e.g

., pi

t voi

ds a

nd w

aste

rock

dum

ps) a

t key

loca

tions

dow

nstre

am o

f the

hy

dro-

elec

tric

rese

rvoi

r, an

d ho

w th

is w

ill v

ary

with

tim

e ac

cord

ing

to p

roje

ct ti

mel

ines

.

• A

sses

s th

e lik

ely

chan

ges

to b

ed le

vels

, stre

am m

orph

olog

y, fl

oodi

ng, o

ver-b

ank

sedi

men

tatio

n an

d se

dim

ent e

ffect

s on

off-

river

wat

er b

odie

s al

ong

the

low

er F

rieda

Riv

er

and

alon

g th

e S

epik

Riv

er b

elow

Frie

da d

urin

g co

nstru

ctio

n, o

pera

tions

and

pos

t clo

sure

.

Env

ironm

enta

l Inc

eptio

n R

epor

t Fr

ieda

Riv

er P

roje

ct

19

Tabl

e 6.

1 Pr

opos

ed e

nviro

nmen

tal s

tudi

es (c

ont’d

)

Tech

nica

l Stu

dy

Obj

ectiv

es

Task

s Te

rrest

rial

biod

iver

sity

and

co

nser

vatio

n

• C

hara

cter

ise

the

terr

estri

al b

iodi

vers

ity a

nd h

abita

t of t

he

proj

ect a

rea.

• A

naly

se th

e di

rect

and

indi

rect

effe

cts

of th

e pr

ojec

t and

pr

ovid

e re

com

men

datio

ns fo

r miti

gatio

n.

• A

sses

s th

e re

sidu

al im

pact

pos

t-miti

gatio

n.

• D

esig

n a

prog

ram

to m

onito

r effe

cts

on b

iodi

vers

ity

durin

g co

nstru

ctio

n an

d op

erat

ions

.

• D

eter

min

e re

leva

nt la

ws,

trea

ties,

con

vent

ions

and

sim

ilar t

hat w

ill p

rovi

de a

n as

sess

men

t fra

mew

ork

for t

he in

vest

igat

ion

(incl

udin

g th

e E

quat

or P

rinci

ples

).

• D

escr

ibe

the

flora

(vas

cula

r), a

nd fa

una

(mam

mal

s, re

ptile

s, a

mph

ibia

ns a

nd b

irds)

of

cons

erva

tion

or lo

cal c

omm

unity

sig

nific

ance

(inc

ludi

ng c

ultu

ral i

mpo

rtanc

e), p

artic

ular

ly in

ar

eas

to b

e di

rect

ly a

ffect

ed b

y co

nstru

ctio

n an

d op

erat

ion

of th

e m

ine

and

infra

stru

ctur

e co

rrido

r in

the

cont

ext o

f the

ir ge

nera

l dis

tribu

tion

and

cons

erva

tion

sign

ifica

nce;

incl

ude

vege

tatio

n m

aps

and,

whe

re a

ppro

pria

te, s

elec

ted

inve

rtebr

ates

.

• D

eter

min

e w

heth

er th

e co

nstru

ctio

n an

d op

erat

ion

of th

e pr

ojec

t will

affe

ct h

abita

ts o

r sp

ecie

s of

con

serv

atio

n si

gnifi

canc

e, o

r sig

nific

ance

to th

e lo

cal c

omm

unity

.

• C

alcu

late

old

-gro

wth

fore

st lo

ss a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith th

e pr

ojec

t.

• A

sses

s th

e po

tent

ial f

or, a

nd im

plic

atio

ns o

f, th

e in

trodu

ctio

n of

new

inva

sive

spe

cies

into

th

e ar

ea.

• P

rovi

de a

hig

h-le

vel a

sses

smen

t of t

he im

pact

s on

bio

dive

rsity

of c

omm

erci

al fo

rest

ry b

y ch

arac

teris

ing

the

com

mer

cial

fore

stry

pot

entia

l of t

he p

roje

ct a

rea

and

surro

unds

.

• P

rovi

de a

dvic

e on

man

agem

ent a

nd m

itiga

tion

mea

sure

s to

redu

ce a

nd/o

r miti

gate

pro

ject

im

pact

s.

• Id

entif

y cr

iteria

for t

he e

stab

lishm

ent o

f bio

dive

rsity

con

trol s

ites

and

refu

ge a

reas

whe

re

rele

vant

.

• A

sses

s th

e po

st-m

itiga

tion

impa

cts

of th

e pr

ojec

t on

biod

iver

sity

gen

eral

ly a

nd o

n sp

ecie

s of

con

serv

atio

n si

gnifi

canc

e or

sig

nific

ance

to th

e lo

cal c

omm

unity

.

Env

ironm

enta

l Inc

eptio

n R

epor

t Fr

ieda

Riv

er P

roje

ct

20

Tabl

e 6.

1 Pr

opos

ed e

nviro

nmen

tal s

tudi

es (c

ont’d

)

Tech

nica

l Stu

dy

Obj

ectiv

es

Task

s A

quat

ic fa

una

and

flora

bio

dive

rsity

an

d co

nser

vatio

n

• C

hara

cter

ise

the

aqua

tic fa

una

(incl

udin

g se

lect

ed

inve

rtebr

ates

), flo

ra a

nd h

abita

ts w

ithin

the

proj

ect a

rea.

• D

eter

min

e w

heth

er th

e pr

ojec

t will

adv

erse

ly d

istu

rb

aqua

tic b

iodi

vers

ity, e

.g.,

popu

latio

ns, s

peci

es ri

chne

ss

and

com

posi

tion,

or s

igni

fican

tly a

ffect

the

abili

ty o

f the

lo

cal c

omm

unity

to e

xplo

it aq

uatic

reso

urce

s, a

fter t

he

impl

emen

tatio

n of

miti

gatio

n m

easu

res.

• D

esig

n a

prog

ram

to m

onito

r effe

cts

on a

quat

ic

biod

iver

sity

dur

ing

cons

truct

ion

and

oper

atio

ns.

• Id

entif

y si

gnifi

cant

aqu

atic

faun

a an

d flo

ra s

peci

es, c

omm

uniti

es a

nd h

abita

ts in

the

stud

y ar

ea, a

nd in

par

ticul

ar th

e di

strib

utio

n of

any

spe

cies

of c

onse

rvat

ion

sign

ifica

nce

or

sign

ifica

nce

to th

e lo

cal c

omm

unity

, usi

ng a

sam

plin

g pr

otoc

ol th

at c

an b

e re

peat

ed in

fu

ture

sam

plin

g.

• A

sses

s th

e se

nsiti

vity

of a

quat

ic fa

una

and

flora

to in

crea

sed

turb

idity

and

sed

imen

t loa

ds,

chan

ges

to th

e na

tura

l flo

w re

gim

es d

owns

tream

of t

he h

ydro

-ele

ctric

rese

rvoi

r and

as

sess

pot

entia

l im

pact

s on

aqu

atic

faun

a an

d flo

ra a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith th

e pr

opos

ed

activ

ities

.

• C

olle

ct fl

esh

and

liver

sam

ples

from

aqu

atic

bio

ta (e

.g.,

fish/

fresh

wat

er c

rayf

ish)

co

nsum

ed b

y lo

cal c

omm

uniti

es a

nd c

ondu

ct m

etal

s an

alys

es.

• Id

entif

y m

easu

res

to a

void

, min

imis

e, o

r miti

gate

adv

erse

impa

cts

upon

aqu

atic

faun

a an

d to

man

age

resi

dual

impa

cts,

incl

udin

g de

term

inat

ion

of m

inim

um e

nviro

nmen

tal f

low

s to

m

aint

ain

envi

ronm

enta

l val

ues

dow

nstre

am o

f the

hyd

ro-e

lect

ric re

serv

oir.

• A

sses

s th

e ov

eral

l im

pact

s on

aqu

atic

faun

a, fl

ora

and

aqua

tic h

abita

ts a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith

proj

ect c

onst

ruct

ion

and

oper

atio

n af

ter a

ssum

ing

impl

emen

tatio

n of

miti

gatio

n m

easu

res.

Nea

rsho

re m

arin

e im

pact

s •

Cha

ract

eris

e th

e ne

arsh

ore

mar

ine

faun

a an

d flo

ra c

lose

to

the

port

site

.

• D

eter

min

e w

heth

er th

e po

rt si

te w

ill a

dver

sely

dis

turb

ne

arsh

ore

mar

ine

faun

a an

d flo

ra p

opul

atio

ns, s

peci

es

richn

ess

and

com

posi

tion,

or s

igni

fican

tly a

ffect

the

abilit

y of

the

loca

l com

mun

ity to

exp

loit

near

shor

e m

arin

e re

sour

ces,

afte

r the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

miti

gatio

n m

easu

res.

• Id

entif

y si

gnifi

cant

nea

rsho

re m

arin

e fa

una

and

flora

spe

cies

, com

mun

ities

and

hab

itat i

n th

e st

udy

area

, and

in p

artic

ular

the

dist

ribut

ion

of a

ny s

peci

es o

f con

serv

atio

n si

gnifi

canc

e or

sig

nific

ance

to th

e lo

cal c

omm

unity

(inc

ludi

ng c

ultu

ral s

igni

fican

ce).

• A

sses

s th

e se

nsiti

vity

of n

ears

hore

mar

ine

faun

a an

d flo

ra to

incr

ease

d tu

rbid

ity a

nd

asse

ss p

oten

tial i

mpa

cts

on n

ears

hore

mar

ine

faun

a an

d flo

ra a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith th

e pr

opos

ed a

ctiv

ities

.

• C

olle

ct fi

sh a

nd o

ther

faun

a co

nsum

ed b

y lo

cal c

omm

uniti

es a

nd c

ondu

ct m

etal

s an

alys

es.

• A

sses

s w

heth

er th

e pr

ojec

t may

sig

nific

antly

affe

ct th

e ab

ility

of t

he lo

cal c

omm

unity

to

expl

oit n

ears

hore

mar

ine

and

terre

stria

l res

ourc

es.

• Id

entif

y m

easu

res

to a

void

, min

imis

e, o

r miti

gate

adv

erse

impa

cts

upon

nea

rsho

re m

arin

e fa

una

and

flora

and

to m

anag

e re

sidu

al im

pact

s.

• A

sses

s th

e ov

eral

l im

pact

s on

nea

rsho

re m

arin

e fa

una

and

flora

ass

ocia

ted

with

pro

ject

co

nstru

ctio

n an

d op

erat

ion

afte

r ass

umin

g im

plem

enta

tion

of m

itiga

tion

mea

sure

s.

Env

ironm

enta

l Inc

eptio

n R

epor

t Fr

ieda

Riv

er P

roje

ct

21

Tabl

e 6.

1 Pr

opos

ed e

nviro

nmen

tal s

tudi

es (c

ont’d

)

Tech

nica

l Stu

dy

Obj

ectiv

es

Task

s A

ir qu

ality

, noi

se

and

blas

ting

• D

eter

min

e th

e ef

fect

s of

the

proj

ect w

ith re

spec

t to

air

qual

ity, n

oise

, gro

und

vibr

atio

n an

d bl

ast o

verp

ress

ure,

bo

th d

urin

g co

nstru

ctio

n an

d op

erat

ions

.

• A

ssis

t with

pro

ject

opt

imis

atio

n to

com

ply

with

ap

prop

riate

air

qual

ity, n

oise

, gro

und

vibr

atio

n an

d bl

ast

over

pres

sure

con

stra

ints

.

Air

Qua

lity

• E

stab

lish

exis

ting

met

eoro

logi

cal c

ondi

tions

by

refe

renc

e to

exi

stin

g da

ta s

ets,

su

pple

men

ted

by d

ata

from

the

on s

ite m

onito

ring

prog

ram

.

• D

evel

op a

ppro

pria

te a

ir qu

ality

targ

ets.

• Id

entif

y so

urce

s of

dus

t and

oth

er a

ir em

issi

ons

(incl

udin

g th

ose

asso

ciat

ed w

ith p

roje

ct

infra

stru

ctur

e an

d tra

nspo

rtatio

n).

• U

se a

n ai

r qua

lity

mod

el w

ith lo

cal m

eteo

rolo

gica

l dat

a an

d es

timat

ed e

mis

sion

s to

de

term

ine

air q

ualit

y co

nditi

ons

and

asse

ss im

pact

s.

• U

nder

take

a g

reen

hous

e ga

s as

sess

men

t to

dete

rmin

e th

e im

plic

atio

ns fo

r gre

enho

use

gas

emis

sion

s as

soci

ated

with

the

proj

ect a

nd th

e po

tent

ial r

equi

rem

ent f

or c

arbo

n of

fset

s w

ithin

the

cont

ext o

f lea

ding

pra

ctic

e an

d P

NG

legi

slat

ion.

• Id

entif

y an

d de

scrib

e m

itiga

tion

and

man

agem

ent m

easu

res

for r

educ

ing/

cont

rollin

g ai

r qu

ality

impa

cts.

• O

utlin

e a

mon

itorin

g an

d re

porti

ng p

rogr

am to

ena

ble

soun

d ai

r qua

lity

man

agem

ent a

nd

ensu

re p

ublic

acc

ount

abilit

y.

Env

ironm

enta

l Inc

eptio

n R

epor

t Fr

ieda

Riv

er P

roje

ct

22

Tabl

e 6.

1 Pr

opos

ed e

nviro

nmen

tal s

tudi

es (c

ont’d

)

Tech

nica

l Stu

dy

Obj

ectiv

es

Task

s A

ir qu

ality

, noi

se

and

blas

ting

(con

t’d)

N

oise

• E

stab

lish

exis

ting

back

grou

nd n

oise

leve

ls fo

r the

stu

dy a

rea,

nea

rest

resi

denc

es a

nd

othe

r sen

sitiv

e re

cept

ors.

• D

evel

op a

ppro

pria

te e

nviro

nmen

tal n

oise

leve

l goa

ls.

• Id

entif

y si

gnifi

cant

noi

se s

ourc

es a

nd th

eir m

ode

of o

pera

tions

(inc

ludi

ng th

ose

asso

ciat

ed

with

bla

stin

g, p

roje

ct in

frast

ruct

ure

and

trans

porta

tion)

.

• U

se a

noi

se p

redi

ctio

n m

odel

to e

stim

ate

nois

e le

vels

at r

epre

sent

ativ

e re

cept

ors,

taki

ng

into

acc

ount

the

effe

cts

of te

rrai

n, v

eget

atio

n an

d w

orst

cas

e m

eteo

rolo

gica

l con

ditio

ns,

and

asse

ss im

pact

s.

• Id

entif

y an

d de

scrib

e m

itiga

tion

and

man

agem

ent m

easu

res

for r

educ

ing/

cont

rollin

g no

ise

impa

cts.

• O

utlin

e an

app

ropr

iate

mon

itorin

g an

d re

porti

ng p

rogr

am b

ased

on

the

impa

ct

asse

ssm

ent.

Bla

stin

g •

Des

crib

e th

e lik

ely

blas

ting

regi

me

for t

he p

roje

ct.

• U

se a

vib

ratio

n an

d bl

ast o

verp

ress

ure

mod

el to

pre

dict

gro

und-

vibr

atio

n an

d ov

erpr

essu

re le

vels

, and

ass

ess

impa

cts

in re

latio

n to

effe

cts

on n

eare

st re

side

nces

and

ot

her s

ensi

tive

rece

ptor

s.

• D

evel

op a

ppro

pria

te e

nviro

nmen

tal g

oals

for g

roun

d-vi

brat

ion

and

blas

t ove

rpre

ssur

e in

th

e co

ntex

t of r

elev

ant s

tand

ards

and

gui

delin

es.

• Id

entif

y an

d de

scrib

e m

itiga

tion

and

man

agem

ent m

easu

res

for r

educ

ing/

cont

rollin

g vi

brat

ion

and

blas

t ove

rpre

ssur

e im

pact

s, ta

king

into

acc

ount

the

rem

ote

loca

tion

of th

e pr

ojec

t.

• O

utlin

e an

app

ropr

iate

mon

itorin

g an

d re

porti

ng p

rogr

am b

ased

on

the

impa

ct

asse

ssm

ent.

Env

ironm

enta

l Inc

eptio

n R

epor

t Fr

ieda

Riv

er P

roje

ct

23

Tabl

e 6.

1 Pr

opos

ed e

nviro

nmen

tal s

tudi

es (c

ont’d

)

Tech

nica

l Stu

dy

Obj

ectiv

es

Task

s A

cid

sulfa

te s

oils

•

Cha

ract

eris

e th

e na

ture

and

ext

ent o

f the

con

stru

ctio

n di

stur

banc

e an

d th

e as

soci

ated

aci

d su

lfate

soi

ls ri

sk.

• Fo

r at-r

isk

area

s, d

escr

ibe

the

proc

ess

for f

utur

e m

anag

emen

t ide

ntifi

catio

n an

d m

appi

ng m

anag

emen

t of

acid

sul

fate

soi

ls m

ater

ials

, and

any

requ

ired

reha

bilit

atio

n.

• M

ap a

reas

of a

cid

sulfa

te s

oils

pot

entia

l.

• P

rovi

de a

n as

sess

men

t of t

he li

kelih

ood

of im

pact

s re

late

d to

aci

d su

lfate

soi

ls a

nd

prop

ose

man

agem

ent t

echn

ique

s to

am

elio

rate

any

impa

cts.

• Id

entif

y po

tent

ial s

ourc

es o

f mat

eria

l to

be u

sed

in a

ny p

ropo

sed

man

agem

ent t

echn

ique

s.

Fina

l pit

void

•

Det

erm

ine

the

likel

y do

wns

tream

wat

er q

ualit

y im

pact

s fro

m d

isch

arge

s fro

m th

e fin

al p

it vo

ids.

•

Cha

ract

eris

e pi

t voi

d ca

tchm

ents

, inc

ludi

ng ru

n of

f and

see

page

sou

rces

, and

inflo

w

qual

ity.

• P

rovi

de a

n as

sess

men

t of t

he p

it in

flow

vol

umes

from

sur

face

runo

ff an

d gr

ound

wat

er

seep

age.

• P

rovi

de a

n as

sess

men

t of t

he w

ater

qua

lity

of th

e fin

al p

it vo

ids

and

pred

ict t

he v

olum

e an

d qu

ality

of r

unof

f fro

m th

e fin

al p

it vo

ids.

• A

sses

s th

e im

plic

atio

ns fo

r dow

nstre

am w

ater

qua

lity

and

prop

ose

man

agem

ent

mea

sure

s to

am

elio

rate

any

impa

cts.

Con

cept

ual c

losu

re

plan

•

Pro

pose

a c

losu

re g

oal f

or th

e m

ine

area

and

oth

er

proj

ect f

acili

ties.

• D

eter

min

e ob

ject

ives

for t

he e

nd-o

f-min

e la

yout

, lan

d fo

rm, s

truct

ures

and

mat

eria

ls re

quire

d to

mee

t the

min

e cl

osur

e go

al.

• B

ased

on

the

curre

nt m

ine

plan

, pre

pare

a c

once

ptua

l clo

sure

pla

n th

at id

entif

ies

pote

ntia

l is

sues

and

impa

cts

for m

ine

clos

ure

(ear

ly a

nd w

hole

-of-m

ine-

life)

and

pro

vide

s in

dica

tive

clos

ure

cost

s.

• E

nsur

e th

at th

e co

ncep

tual

min

e cl

osur

e pl

an is

con

sist

ent w

ith th

e E

quat

or P

rinci

ples

and

ap

plic

able

PN

G re

quire

men

ts a

nd p

ract

ice.

• Id

entif

y th

e co

mpl

etio

n cr

iteria

for c

losu

re th

at a

re s

peci

fied

in th

e re

leva

nt le

gal

docu

men

ts, p

olic

ies

and

guid

elin

es.

• P

rovi

de th

e ba

sis

for t

he o

ngoi

ng re

view

of c

losu

re c

once

pts

and

clos

ure

cost

s pr

ovis

ioni

ng.


24



25

7. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUES

This section outlines the socio-economic setting and sensitivities of the proposed project area and provides perspective to the proposed investigations, which are described herein.

7.1 Socio-economic Setting People from a broad range of cultures, mostly living in very low population densities, occupy the proposed Frieda River Project area. The people in the proposed mine area practise subsistence agriculture with some panning for gold. People living in the more elevated land to the south grow taro as the subsistence staple whereas the people on the lowlands to the north of the project area subsist principally on sago and fish.

There is no permanent settlement along the Nena River downstream of the deposits. The first village downstream of the mine area (excluding the settlement at Frieda Strip) is Paupe on the Frieda River about 20 km below the Frieda–Nena river confluence (see Figure 1.1). There are a number of isolated settlements further down the Frieda River towards the Sepik River. The total number of people living on the Frieda River below the Nena confluence is estimated to be 300.

In contrast, the May River below the Usage is more populated. While there is no permanent settlement on the Usage River, there are some 2,000 people further downstream along the lower May River. Approximately 200,000 people live in the Sepik Basin downstream of the Frieda River.

Approximately 600 people live in the villages of Ok Esai and Blak Wara (Wabia) in a wide, flat valley of the Niar River near the project area (see Figure 1.2). Should hydro-electric power generation be the preferred option for the project, these villages and the alluvial gold deposits that are worked by the villagers will be inundated by the reservoir created by the hydro-electric scheme dam wall, in which case they will require relocation.

The village of M14 upstream of the Nena deposit (see Figure 1.2) will not be directly affected by the project.

Outside the immediate project area, ancillary infrastructure corridors (road, tailing pipeline and concentrate pipeline) will be required from the mine site. A sea port is planned to be constructed at the coast near Aitape, over 250 km north of the project area, from where concentrate will be exported by ship. Aitape has a population of approximately 8,000 and lies midway between Vanimo and Wewak, the respective capitals of Sandaun and East Sepik provinces.

7.2 Issues It is a requirement of DEC (2004) to differentiate socio-economic impacts into two distinct groups (Group A and Group B) to make clear which impacts will occur as either a direct or indirect result of the project. As described in DEC (2004):

Group (A) impacts are those that can be identified and addressed by the DEC approval process. They arise directly from adverse impacts upon the biophysical environment as caused by the development.


26

Group (B) impacts are secondary socio-economic effects that are reasonably expected to manifest themselves and are normally best handled by the responsible National, Provincial or Local Level Government agencies.

The main potential socio-economic issues and opportunities that have been identified for the Frieda River Project are outlined below.

7.2.1 Group A Impacts (Direct)

Group A impacts include:

• Loss of land due to the establishment of project components and consequent impacts on subsistence living due to loss of resources such as gardens and hunting and gathering areas.

• Relocation of two villages, Ok Esai and Blak Wara (Wabia), as a result of inundation by the creation of the hydro-electric scheme reservoir and associated issues such as resource availability, impacts on cultural heritage areas and values, and compensation.

• Changes to the hydrological regime within the catchment of the mine area and the Frieda River downstream of the hydro-electric scheme dam and consequent impacts on relevant environmental values associated with the river, such as fishing and use of riverine resources.

• Amenity impacts (air quality, noise and visual) as previously described in Chapter 6 and associated consequences in terms of the quality of life for affected people.

• In-migration and its associated potential impacts on social cohesion, safety and security, health, land use, services, infrastructure and accommodation. This may also result in increased demand for local food products and timber, as well as increased local incomes through the expansion of cultivation of gardens for produce, fishing activity and small-scale logging, with consequent changes in the consumption patterns of local villagers and associated impacts such as increased generation of domestic wastes.

• Effects on archaeological or cultural sites and practices.

• Landowner issues:

– Workforce employment and training policies. – Local business development (and examples are given above in relation to in-migration).

• Increased direct employment opportunities and increased family cash incomes, and other benefit streams to local populations such as royalties and community development programs.

• New business opportunities for the nearby regional centres of Aitape and Ambunti (see Figure 1.2) and Telefomin (as discussed above).

• Impacts on social and physical infrastructure (including infrastructure at the nearby regional centres) and the capacity for existing infrastructure to support development associated with new business opportunities.

• Effects on the general quality of life of local villagers and those living downstream from the project, with particular focus on their livelihoods, subsistence resources, income derivation, land connection and use, and local culture and customs.


27

7.2.2 Group B Impacts (Indirect)

Group B impacts include:

• Ownership of affected land and the need to address leasing, benefits and compensation agreements and areas of cultural significance.

• Ongoing generation of human (as well as financial) capital, which will underpin further economic and social development in PNG.

• Continuity within the PNG mining sector and, with it, the maintenance of expertise, on which PNG’s future mining industry depends.

• Increased employment (direct and indirect), with the associated increased potential for migration and related issues such as law and order, and communicable diseases.

• Over-reliance on finite mine-related benefits such as direct and indirect employment resulting in future inability to subsist using traditional practices.

• Economic multipliers associated with the project, as well as backward and forward economic linkages within PNG’s economic sectors that drive local, provincial and national economic growth.

• Pressure on Local, Provincial and National Government capacity to plan for and implement social development.

• Post-closure (early or planned) maintenance of infrastructure and revenue streams.

• Improvements in the nation’s balance of trade, infrastructure development, and commercial, employment and educational opportunities.

• Monetary benefits such as taxes, royalties, fees and compensation payments.

7.3 Proposed Studies Specialist studies will be undertaken to provide a comprehensive profile of the project area in relation to the existing human environment, infrastructure and economy. The study area is defined as including the following project aspects:

• The mine area and associated infrastructure. • The road and pipeline routes. • The port areas (coastal, river and airport). • Regional centres.

The socio-economic studies will comprise:

• Characterisation studies. • Impact assessment.

The characterisation component will describe the existing human, social and economic environment. The impact assessment will detail actual and perceived impacts of the project and recommend mitigation strategies for potential negative impacts and strategies to maximise potential social benefits arising from the project.


28

The approach to undertaking the socio-economic studies will be consistent with applicable PNG requirements and practice and, where relevant, the Equator Principles.

The steps in undertaking the socio-economic studies are as follows:

• Characterisation. • Stakeholder engagement. • Specialist (field) studies. • Impact assessment (including consideration of management and mitigation measures).

Table 7.1 lists the objectives and tasks for the socio-economic studies that will support the EIS and address the issues presented above (primarily in Section 7.2.1).

Env

ironm

enta

l Inc

eptio

n R

epor

t Fr

ieda

Riv

er P

roje

ct

29

Tabl

e 7.

1 Pr

opos

ed s

ocio

-eco

nom

ic s

tudi

es

Tech

nica

l Stu

dy

Obj

ectiv

es

Task

s

Dem

ogra

phy

• C

hara

cter

ise

the

dem

ogra

phic

s of

the

proj

ect a

rea

and

surr

ound

s.

• B

uild

an

accu

rate

und

erst

andi

ng o

f the

hum

an p

opul

atio

ns in

the

proj

ect

area

.

• A

ssis

t in

the

iden

tific

atio

n of

pot

entia

l pro

ject

impa

cts

that

will

info

rm

miti

gatio

n an

d co

mm

unity

dev

elop

men

t stra

tegi

es.

• D

eter

min

e th

e ge

ogra

phic

and

eth

nic

orig

in o

f loc

al v

illage

rs a

nd th

eir

pres

ent r

esid

entia

l add

ress

.

• D

eter

min

e th

e ag

e st

ruct

ure,

sex

ratio

and

any

oth

er re

leva

nt

dem

ogra

phic

cha

ract

eris

tics.

• D

eter

min

e th

e ra

nge

and

aver

age

hous

ehol

d si

ze (a

rea

and

num

ber o

f pe

rson

s) a

nd re

late

this

to e

thni

c or

igin

. Ec

onom

y an

d go

vern

ance

•

Cha

ract

eris

e th

e ec

onom

ic a

nd g

over

nanc

e m

atte

rs re

leva

nt to

the

proj

ect

area

and

sur

roun

ds.

• B

uild

an

accu

rate

und

erst

andi

ng o

f the

loca

l eco

nom

ies

and

loca

l go

vern

ance

stru

ctur

es a

nd th

eir r

espe

ctiv

e ca

pabi

litie

s.

• D

escr

ibe

the

loca

l eco

nom

y in

the

area

s lik

ely

to b

e af

fect

ed b

y th

e pr

ojec

t with

in th

e co

ntex

t of t

he tw

o pr

ovin

ces

and

PN

G a

s a

who

le,

with

par

ticul

ar re

fere

nce

to:

– E

mpl

oym

ent.

– Li

velih

oods

and

inco

me

deriv

atio

n.

– In

dust

ry d

iver

sity

.

– S

tand

ards

of l

ivin

g of

pot

entia

lly a

ffect

ed p

opul

atio

ns.

• Id

entif

y an

d de

scrib

e re

leva

nt h

isto

rical

and

cur

rent

influ

ence

s on

the

proj

ect a

rea

and

regi

on.

• D

escr

ibe

the

loca

l gov

erna

nce

stru

ctur

e an

d ca

paci

ty fo

r inf

rast

ruct

ure

plan

ning

and

impl

emen

tatio

n, a

nd w

ealth

dis

tribu

tion.

La

nd c

onne

ctio

n an

d us

e •

Acc

urat

ely

unde

rsta

nd la

nd o

wne

rshi

p an

d us

e, a

nd c

onne

ctio

n to

land

in

the

proj

ect a

rea

to id

entif

y po

tent

ial p

roje

ct im

pact

s an

d se

nsiti

vitie

s in

re

gard

s to

land

ow

ners

hip

and

use,

and

to a

ssis

t with

the

sitin

g of

pro

ject

fa

cilit

ies

and

land

acc

ess

arra

ngem

ents

.

Th

is a

sses

smen

t may

als

o co

ntrib

ute

to la

nd n

egot

iatio

ns a

nd in

form

im

pact

miti

gatio

n, c

ompe

nsat

ion

and

com

mun

ity d

evel

opm

ent s

trate

gies

, in

add

ition

to o

ptio

ns fo

r the

pot

entia

l rel

ocat

ion

of h

ousi

ng a

nd

settl

emen

ts.

• D

eter

min

e cu

stom

ary

land

ow

ners

hip

in th

e pr

ojec

t are

a.

• D

escr

ibe

the

pres

ent p

atte

rn o

f lan

d us

e in

the

proj

ect a

rea

and

expl

ain

who

is e

ntitl

ed to

use

eith

er la

nd o

r res

ourc

es in

var

ious

par

ts o

f the

pr

ojec

t are

a, li

nkin

g th

ese

to th

e et

hnic

orig

ins

of th

e lo

cal v

illag

ers.

• D

escr

ibe

conn

ectio

ns to

land

in th

e pr

ojec

t are

a an

d ex

plai

n th

e na

ture

of

thos

e co

nnec

tions

as

they

rela

te to

the

proj

ect.

• P

rovi

de d

ata

to e

nabl

e th

e pr

epar

atio

n of

a m

ap o

f lan

d us

e an

d re

sour

ce u

se in

the

proj

ect a

rea

(incl

udin

g ar

eal e

stim

ates

).

• Id

entif

y po

tent

ial o

ptio

ns fo

r res

ettle

men

t of a

ffect

ed p

eopl

e an

d co

mm

uniti

es, c

onsi

derin

g qu

ality

of r

eset

tlem

ent s

ites

and

deve

lopm

ent

need

s.

Env

ironm

enta

l Inc

eptio

n R

epor

t Fr

ieda

Riv

er P

roje

ct

30

Tabl

e 7.

1 Pr

opos

ed s

ocio

-eco

nom

ic s

tudi

es (c

ont’d

)

Tech

nica

l Stu

dy

Obj

ectiv

es

Task

s

Wat

er u

se

• C

hara

cter

ise

wat

er u

se b

y po

tent

ially

affe

cted

peo

ple

and

com

mun

ities

. •

Iden

tify

and

map

the

natu

re a

nd lo

catio

n of

all

wat

er s

ourc

es u

sed

by

the

loca

l com

mun

ity, b

ased

on

inte

rvie

ws

and

site

insp

ectio

ns.

• C

hara

cter

ise

wat

er u

se in

term

s of

:

– Ty

pe o

f use

at e

ach

wat

er s

ourc

e.

– Fr

eque

ncy

of w

ater

use

at e

ach

wat

er s

ourc

e.

– S

easo

nal c

hang

es to

loca

tion,

type

and

freq

uenc

y of

wat

er s

ourc

e.

• D

efin

e an

d m

ap s

tretc

hes

of ri

vers

and

stre

ams

that

are

spe

cific

ally

ex

ploi

ted

as fr

eshw

ater

reso

urce

s.

• D

escr

ibe

subs

iste

nce

and

com

mer

cial

(if a

ny) f

ishi

ng a

ctiv

ity.

• D

escr

ibe

othe

r wat

er u

ses,

e.g

., tra

nspo

rt, la

undr

y, c

ultu

ral s

igni

fican

ce.

• C

omm

ent o

n th

e re

lativ

e im

porta

nce

of a

quat

ic fa

una

to th

e lo

cal

com

mun

ity.

Infra

stru

ctur

e (p

hysi

cal a

nd s

ocia

l) •

Acc

urat

ely

quan

tify

the

adeq

uacy

of t

he e

xist

ing

phys

ical

(e.g

., po

wer

, w

ater

, tra

nspo

rt) a

nd s

ocia

l (e.

g., h

ospi

tals

, sch

ools

, clin

ics)

infra

stru

ctur

e to

mee

t the

dem

ands

of t

he p

roje

ct.

• P

redi

ct th

e po

tent

ial p

opul

atio

n in

flux

as a

resu

lt of

the

proj

ect.

• A

ssis

t in

the

iden

tific

atio

n of

pot

entia

l pro

ject

impa

cts

that

will

info

rm

miti

gatio

n an

d co

mm

unity

dev

elop

men

t stra

tegi

es.

• Id

entif

y th

e pr

iorit

y in

frast

ruct

ure

deve

lopm

ent r

equi

red

to s

uppo

rt th

e pr

ojec

t and

its

pote

ntia

l soc

ial i

mpa

cts

and

oppo

rtuni

ties.

• D

escr

ibe

the

exis

ting

phys

ical

infra

stru

ctur

e:

– Tr

ansp

ort (

road

net

wor

k, c

apac

ity a

nd u

se).

– C

onst

ruct

ed d

rain

age.

– S

anita

tion

and

sew

erag

e.

– S

olid

was

te m

anag

emen

t.

– E

nerg

y so

urce

s an

d us

e.

– Te

leco

mm

unic

atio

ns.

– H

ousi

ng a

nd a

ccom

mod

atio

n.

– P

orts

.

Env

ironm

enta

l Inc

eptio

n R

epor

t Fr

ieda

Riv

er P

roje

ct

31

Tabl

e 7.

1 Pr

opos

ed s

ocio

-eco

nom

ic s

tudi

es (c

ont’d

)

Tech

nica

l Stu

dy

Obj

ectiv

es

Task

s In

frast

ruct

ure

(phy

sica

l and

soc

ial)

(con

t’d)

•

Iden

tify

inad

equa

cies

in p

hysi

cal i

nfra

stru

ctur

e to

sup

port

min

e de

velo

pmen

t and

ope

ratio

ns, a

nd p

oten

tial p

opul

atio

n in

crea

ses.

• D

escr

ibe

the

exis

ting

soci

al in

frast

ruct

ure,

incl

udin

g ac

cess

to:

– C

hild

hood

edu

catio

n se

rvic

es.

– C

omm

unity

edu

catio

n se

rvic

es.

– H

ealth

car

e fa

cilit

ies

(hos

pita

ls, d

ispe

nsar

ies,

clin

ics,

HIV

/AID

S

scre

enin

g).

– E

mer

genc

y se

rvic

es.

– G

over

nmen

t ser

vice

s.

– La

w a

nd o

rder

.

• Id

entif

y in

adeq

uaci

es in

soc

ial i

nfra

stru

ctur

e to

sup

port

min

e de

velo

pmen

t and

ope

ratio

ns, a

nd p

oten

tial p

opul

atio

n in

crea

ses.

• Id

entif

y an

y ph

ysic

al in

frast

ruct

ure

that

is a

vaila

ble

to s

uppo

rt th

e de

velo

pmen

t of t

he m

ine

and

the

pote

ntia

l pop

ulat

ion

incr

ease

s.

Hea

lth

• C

hara

cter

ise

the

heal

th s

tatu

s of

the

popu

latio

n in

the

proj

ect a

rea

and

surro

unds

.

• A

ssis

t in

the

iden

tific

atio

n of

pot

entia

l pro

ject

impa

cts

that

will

info

rm

miti

gatio

n an

d co

mm

unity

dev

elop

men

t stra

tegi

es.

• D

escr

ibe

the

exis

ting

heal

th s

tatu

s of

the

popu

latio

n in

the

stud

y ar

ea

by c

onsi

derin

g ke

y he

alth

indi

cato

rs th

at in

clud

e:

– Li

fe e

xpec

tanc

y at

birt

h.

– In

fant

mor

talit

y ra

tes.

– A

ge s

tand

ardi

sed

mor

talit

y ra

tes.

– N

utrit

ion

stat

us.

– C

urre

nt d

isea

se ri

sks.

– R

ates

of i

nfec

tion

and

imm

unis

atio

n pr

ogra

m.

Env

ironm

enta

l Inc

eptio

n R

epor

t Fr

ieda

Riv

er P

roje

ct

32

Tabl

e 7.

1 Pr

opos

ed s

ocio

-eco

nom

ic s

tudi

es (c

ont’d

)

Tech

nica

l Stu

dy

Obj

ectiv

es

Task

s

Arc

haeo

logy

and

cu

ltura

l her

itage

•

Cha

ract

eris

e th

e re

leva

nt a

rcha

eolo

gy a

nd c

ultu

ral h

erita

ge o

f the

pro

ject

ar

ea a

nd s

urro

unds

.

• A

ccur

atel

y id

entif

y an

d un

ders

tand

are

as o

f arc

haeo

logi

cal o

r cul

tura

l im

porta

nce

in th

e pr

ojec

t are

a.

• A

ssis

t in

the

iden

tific

atio

n of

pot

entia

l pro

ject

impa

cts

that

will

info

rm

miti

gatio

n an

d co

mm

unity

dev

elop

men

t stra

tegi

es.

• R

evie

w e

xist

ing

info

rmat

ion,

con

sult

with

rele

vant

aut

horit

ies

and

exam

ine

the

rele

vant

lite

ratu

re to

loca

te k

now

n si

tes

of a

rcha

eolo

gica

l or

cul

tura

l sig

nific

ance

in th

e pr

ojec

t are

a.

• Id

entif

y si

tes

of a

rcha

eolo

gica

l or c

ultu

ral s

igni

fican

ce th

at c

ould

impo

se

cons

train

ts o

n th

e lo

catio

n of

pro

ject

faci

litie

s or

oth

erw

ise

requ

ire

spec

ific

man

agem

ent.

Cul

ture

and

cus

tom

s •

Iden

tify

uniq

ue c

ultu

res

in is

olat

ed c

omm

uniti

es th

at h

ave

had

little

con

tact

w

ith m

oder

n so

ciet

y.

• Id

entif

y ‘a

t ris

k’ c

ultu

res

and

cust

oms.

• P

rovi

de th

e fra

mew

ork

on w

hich

to b

ase

furth

er s

tudi

es to

dev

elop

m

itiga

ting

stra

tegi

es a

nd o

ngoi

ng m

onito

ring

and

mea

sure

men

t of c

ultu

ral

and

cust

oms

indi

cato

rs.

• Id

entif

y in

divi

dual

lang

uage

gro

ups

and

thei

r com

mun

ity le

ader

ship

st

ruct

ures

.

• C

olla

bora

te w

ith o

ther

sur

veys

to id

entif

y ra

re b

iodi

vers

ity th

at m

ay

resu

lt in

the

deve

lopm

ent o

f rar

e hu

man

cus

tom

s an

d ac

tiviti

es.

• R

epor

t on

com

mun

ities

that

hav

e ha

d m

inim

al in

tera

ctio

n w

ith m

oder

n so

ciet

y.

Am

enity

1 •

Cha

ract

eris

e th

e re

leva

nt a

men

ities

of t

he p

roje

ct a

rea

and

surro

unds

.

• A

ccur

atel

y id

entif

y an

d un

ders

tand

the

amen

ities

of t

he p

roje

ct a

rea.

• A

ssis

t in

the

iden

tific

atio

n of

pot

entia

l pro

ject

impa

cts

that

will

info

rm

miti

gatio

n an

d co

mm

unity

dev

elop

men

t stra

tegi

es.

• Id

entif

y na

tura

l or m

an-m

ade

amen

ities

with

in th

e st

udy

area

.

1 Am

enity

is d

efin

ed in

this

inst

ance

as

the

natu

ral o

r man

-mad

e ch

arac

teris

tics

of th

e lo

cal e

nviro

nmen

t tha

t are

val

ued

by re

side

nts.

Env

ironm

enta

l Inc

eptio

n R

epor

t Fr

ieda

Riv

er P

roje

ct

33

Tabl

e 7.

1 Pr

opos

ed s

ocio

-eco

nom

ic s

tudi

es (c

ont’d

)

Tech

nica

l Stu

dy

Obj

ectiv

es

Task

s

Impa

ct a

sses

smen

t ▪

Iden

tify

pote

ntia

l soc

ial a

nd c

ultu

ral i

mpa

cts,

bot

h po

sitiv

e an

d ne

gativ

e,

and

desc

ribe

the

natu

re a

nd e

xten

t of e

ach

on p

roje

ct-a

ffect

ed

popu

latio

ns (u

sing

the

afor

emen

tione

d sp

ecia

list c

hara

cter

isat

ion

stud

ies)

.

▪ C

ontri

bute

to a

bet

ter u

nder

stan

ding

of t

he p

ropo

sed

proj

ect a

ctiv

ities

by

loca

l pop

ulat

ions

, par

ticul

arly

thos

e po

tent

ially

affe

cted

by

the

proj

ect.

▪ Fa

cilit

ate

the

expr

essi

on o

f vie

ws,

con

cern

s an

d as

pira

tions

abo

ut th

e pr

opos

ed m

inin

g ac

tivity

by

proj

ect-a

ffect

ed p

opul

atio

ns.

• A

ssis

t the

pro

pone

nt, c

omm

uniti

es a

nd o

ther

sta

keho

lder

s to

iden

tify

deve

lopm

ent g

oals

to e

nsur

e th

at p

ositi

ve o

utco

mes

are

max

imis

ed.

• Id

entif

y th

e po

tent

ial i

mpa

cts

(dire

ct, i

ndire

ct a

nd c

umul

ativ

e) o

f the

pr

ojec

t.

• S

eek

stak

ehol

ders

’ vie

ws

conc

erni

ng th

e po

tent

ial i

mpa

cts

asso

ciat

ed

with

the

proj

ect a

nd th

eir a

spira

tions

and

exp

ecta

tions

resu

lting

from

an

y im

pact

s.

▪ In

vest

igat

e is

sues

requ

iring

to b

e ad

dres

sed

by th

e pr

opon

ent a

nd

reco

mm

end

man

agem

ent a

nd m

itiga

tion

stra

tegi

es fo

r tho

se is

sues

, an

d de

scrib

e re

sidu

al im

pact

s.

• R

ecom

men

d st

rate

gies

to m

axim

ise

pote

ntia

l com

mun

ity b

enef

it fro

m

the

proj

ect.

• R

ecom

men

d su

bseq

uent

act

ion

plan

ning

for t

he m

itiga

tion

and

real

isat

ion

of p

oten

tial p

roje

ct im

pact

s.


34



35

8. AVAILABILITY OF BASELINE INFORMATION AND DATA

The project has a long history, with copper mineralisation first discovered in the 1960s and potential commercial mineralisation identified at Frieda River in the early 1970s. The project area has been under intermittent, but intensive, investigations since that time.

Baseline environmental and social investigations for the Frieda River Project began in 1979 via a joint company (Frieda Copper Pty Ltd)/PNG Government task force1. The scope of work included the Horse-Ivaal and Nena deposits. Various activities and investigations then continued intermittently through the 1980s and into the 1990s. By mid-1993, the Nena deposit had become the focus of development activities and was subjected to renewed environmental investigations by Highlands Gold Limited, with extensive meteorological, hydrological and geochemical data collection programs being initiated. However, due to a number of factors, most elements of the programs went into abeyance at the end of 1996.

Subsequent to a period of relative inactivity in the late 1990s/early 2000s, XFRL initiated a scoping study after acquiring the project in October 2006. In addition to defining an execution model for the project that could be taken into the PFS, a number of environmental and social programs were re-established, and these will be supplemented by the investigations described in chapters 6 and 7 that will support the EIS.

The activities summarised above have generated a considerable number of reports that address both the environmental and social aspects of the project area, and these are listed in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2. While some of these remain relevant to the proposed project, others are now somewhat dated and the information contained therein will be superseded by that obtained as part of XFRL’s current and proposed program.

1 This was supervised by Natural Systems Research Pty Ltd, which subsequently became NSR Environmental

Consultants, then Enesar Consulting and is presently Coffey Natural Systems.


36



37

9. SITE SELECTION

As with all resource development projects, the location of the project is constrained by the location of the deposits.

The location of mine infrastructure is primarily governed by access to known commercially-viable copper deposits. The location of the process plant and infrastructure is constrained by local topography, engineering constraints, and environmental, social and economic considerations, and therefore reflects consideration of capital costs, operating costs and qualitative issues such as health, safety and security, landowners, proven technology, business risk and environmental and social setting. A project execution model that is presently being addressed in the PFS stage of the project is described in Chapter 4, although it should be noted that the locations of project components will be further refined during feasibility investigations.

The preferred tailing and waste rock management options involve either the disposal of tailing in an on-land TSF and waste rock in a waste rock dump, or the subaqueous placement of tailing and waste rock within the dead storage of the hydro-electric scheme reservoir (with the latter being possible only if hydro-power is the preferred power generation option for the project1). If an on-land TSF is to be constructed, criteria for site selection will include local geological, geotechnical, hydrological and other environmental considerations to minimise the potential for adverse environmental impacts. Determination of the preferred tailing management option will involve the consideration of environmental, social, economic and engineering factors.

The proposal for a coastal port in the Aitape region has been addressed by site investigations, discussions with PNG port authorities at Vanimo, Wewak, Madang and Port Moresby, and confirmation of bathymetric data from Admiralty Charts and wave data. These investigations have determined that no existing port in the section of coast nearest the mine is suitable for mine export purposes, and that a substantial upgrade, extension or new port would, in any case, be required to address the project’s needs.

1 As noted in Chapter 4, gas-powered generation in Western Province or coal-powered generation at Aitape are also

under consideration.


38



39

10. QUALIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS

Key environmental consultant personnel and proposed specialist sub consultants to direct, manage and prepare the EIS are presented below.

10.1 Lead Environmental Consultant Coffey Natural Systems (formerly Enesar Consulting) is the lead environmental consultant for the Frieda River Project. The company was established in 1974 and is a wholly owned business unit of the Australian Stock Exchange-listed company Coffey International Limited. Coffey Natural Systems provides environmental and social consulting services to the resource development and infrastructure sectors, multilateral and private financiers and insurers, and governments. The firm has conducted more than 600 projects in 40 countries, including over 50 ESIAs for new projects. Coffey Natural Systems has completed environmental plans for the Kainantu, Misima, Porgera, Simberi and Ramu mining projects in PNG (as well as a number of oil and gas projects) and, more recently, completed the EIS for the Hidden Valley Project, the Solwara 1 Project and the PNG LNG Project. Additional information about Coffey Natural Systems can be found at www.coffey.com.

Prior to 2004, Coffey Natural Systems (which at that time was Enesar Consulting) traded as NSR Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd. The founding directors and many of the principal investigators associated with the company’s work in PNG still work with the company.

Key personnel from Coffey Natural Systems proposed for the Frieda River Project EIS are listed in Table 10.1.

Table 10.1 Key personnel – Coffey Natural Systems

Name Position Alastair Sharp-Paul Project Strategist

Anna Dennis Assistant Project Manager

Clark Monahan EIS writer

David Gwyther EIS writer

Danielle Martin EIS writer

Danielle Ryan EIS writer

Heath Doodie Project Manager

Lois Davidson EIS writer

Marissa Haywood EIS writer

Michael Jones Project Director

Michael Sale EIS writer

Stuart Jones Project Strategist

Travis Wood EIS writer


40

10.2 Specialist Subconsultants Table 10.2 lists the subconsultants currently engaged to undertake selected supporting studies or provide specialist advice; while this list focuses on the studies that have already been commissioned by XFRL, specialists with similar levels of qualifications and experience will be engaged to undertake the remaining studies.

Table 10.2 Specialist subconsultants

Subconsultant – Area of Study or Specialist Advice

Curricula Vitae

Rod Sandison, Sentinel Pty Ltd – Hydrology and meteorology monitoring network

Director of Sentinel Pty Ltd, Rod is the principal environmental consultant on whose expertise and experience the company was founded in 2000. Rod has worked both nationally and internationally in the hydrographic industry and has over 20 years industry experience and over 15 years international experience in the design and implementation of remote monitoring projects.

Dr Stuart Miller and Dr John Jeffery, Environmental Geochemistry International (EGi) Pty Ltd – Mine materials geochemistry

Director and founder of EGi in 1983, Stuart has over 30 years experience in mine waste geochemistry and management, and has worked on more than 250 mining projects in Australia and overseas, including PNG, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Africa, Brazil, Argentina, Iran, Ireland, USA and Canada.

John has 25 years experience as a geochemist and joined EGi in 1989. Prior to that, he worked for Bougainville Copper where he obtained direct site experience in prediction, modelling, monitoring and control of ARD. His expertise is in the environmental geochemical and hydro-geochemical aspects of mine waste disposal, site water quality modelling, pit water quality and management of sulfidic wastes.

Greg Hookey, Golder Associates – Sediment transport

Greg is Manager of Surface Water Services in Golder’s Perth office and has more than 30 years experience in the surface hydrology and water resource sectors. He has undertaken a number of sediment-related studies and has extensive experience in carrying out large-scale hydrologic and hydraulic modelling for flood and sediment assessment and environmental impacts for mining-related projects.

Dr Jason Antenucci, Centre for Water Research (University of Western Australia) and Prof Barry Hart – Hydro dam limnology

Jason is the Deputy Director (Research) of the CWR, and has expertise in three main area: transport mechanisms in aquatic systems; modelling of aquatic systems; and the dynamics of organisms impacting human health in aquatic systems. He has published 27 refereed papers and is currently involved in UNESCO capacity building activities in East Africa, as well as working with UNESCO on quantifying the greenhouse gas emissions from hydropower. He has conducted research projects in Kenya, Mozambique, Seychelles, Colombia, Chile, Brazil, Israel, Germany, Italy, Canada, the USA, Singapore and Japan.

Barry has an international reputation in the fields of water quality management, catchment, environmental risk assessment and environmental chemistry (heavy metal and nutrient biogeochemistry). He has published over 175 refereed papers and 12 books, is on the editorial board of 5 international journals, and has received several awards in the field of environmental chemistry. He has extensive experience in PNG, having worked on a number of mining projects commencing with impact studies for the Porgera Gold Mine in the 1980s.


41

Table 10.2 Specialist subconsultants (cont’d)

Subconsultant – Area of Study Curricula Vitae Francis Crome, Francis Crome Pty Ltd – Terrestrial biodiversity

Francis is an independent consultant and researcher with more than 25 years of experience in the areas of biodiversity assessment and management, tropical and wetland ecology, and strategic analysis. After finishing with CSIRO as a Principal Research Scientist, Francis established his own consultancy in 1994 and has subsequently completed projects in areas including Africa, the Americas, and the Asia-Pacific region, including PNG.

Prof Richard Jackson – Socio-economic characterisation and impact assessment

Richard has 30 years of academic and consulting experience in the issues of the interface between resource projects and their host communities, with a specific focus on social risk assessment and impacts, community development, in-migration management, resettlement planning, land acquisition and compensation, and baseline surveys. Currently an independent consultant, his academic career includes roles as Professor of Geography at University of PNG and then James Cook University (while also consulting part-time). Consulting roles in PNG include tasks for the Department of Mining, as well as for the Ok Tedi, Hidden Valley, Misima, Lihir, Kainantu, Porgera and Tolukuma operations. Richard has also provided advice in relation to prospects and operations in a number of countries throughout the Asia Pacific and Africa.

Dr Keith Bentley – Community health

Keith has a broad-based knowledge in environmental health, specialising in toxicology of metals and health risk assessment for the mining and minerals industries. Most of his career has been working in environmental health issues in developing countries in south and southeast Asia and the western Pacific. The focus of this work has included the health aspects of pollution control, air and water quality, hazardous wastes management, environmental resource management, and chemical and pesticides safety. Projects in PNG in which Keith has provided specialist advice and/or undertaken health surveys include Ok Tedi, Porgera and Hidden Valley operations.


42



43

11. REFERENCES DEC. 2004. Guideline for Preparation of Environmental Inception Report. January. DEC

Publication: GL-Env/01/2004.

NSR. 1999. Frieda River Project Environmental Review. Report prepared by NSR Environmental Consultants P/L for Cyprus Climax Metals Company. March. CR 128/9/v2.

SKM. 2009. Infrastructure Extended Scoping Study. Report prepared by Sinclair Knight Mertz for Xstrata Frieda River Limited. January. Rev 0.


44



45

12. ACRONYMS ARD Acid rock drainage

DEC Department of Environment and Conservation

DoM Department of Mining

dwt Deadweight tonnage

EIR Environmental Inception Report

EIS Environmental Impact Statement

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EP Environmental Permit

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

FS Feasibility Study

ML Megalitres

MW Megawatts

MRA Mineral Resources Authority

NFA National Fisheries Authority

PFS Pre-feasibility Study

PGK Papua New Guinea Kina

PNG Papua New Guinea

ppm parts per million

SIA Social Impact Assessment

TSF Tailing storage facility


46


Appendix 1 Document Log – Environmental Baseline Reports

1

Frie

da R

iver

Env

ironm

enta

l Pro

gram

Rev

iew

– D

ocum

ent L

og

C

at

HPL

A

utho

r Ti

tle

Com

pany

M

onth

Ye

ar

Supp

lied

to C

CM

C

Sour

ce

EN

V-

1 N

atur

al S

yste

ms

Res

earc

h E

nviro

nmen

tal R

evie

w a

nd In

vest

igat

ions

Pla

n, F

rieda

P

roje

ct, W

est S

epik

Pro

vinc

e P

NG

M

IM H

oldi

ngs

Ltd

Sep

tem

ber

1979

Y

es

CR

128

EN

V-

2 E

M &

M E

nviro

nmen

tal

Con

sulta

nts

Frie

da P

roje

ct B

asel

ine

Env

ironm

enta

l Mon

itorin

g -

Rec

onna

issa

nce

Sur

vey

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Lim

ited

not

spec

ified

19

93

Yes

H

PL

EN

V-

3 E

M &

M E

nviro

nmen

tal

Con

sulta

nts

Frie

da P

roje

ct In

itial

Ass

essm

ent o

f Aci

d R

ock

Dra

inag

e fo

r Nen

a P

rosp

ect

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Lim

ited

Nov

embe

r 19

93

Yes

C

opie

d (H

PL)

EN

V-

4 E

M &

M E

nviro

nmen

tal

Con

sulta

nts

Sco

pe o

f Bas

elin

e S

tudi

es F

or E

nviro

nmen

tal P

lan

Pre

para

tion

- Frie

da C

oppe

r/Gol

d P

roje

ct

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Lim

ited

Aug

ust

1994

Y

es

Cop

ied

(HP

L)

EN

V-

5 E

M &

M E

nviro

nmen

tal

Con

sulta

nts

Dra

ft P

rogr

ess

Rep

ort o

n A

sses

smen

t of W

aste

Roc

k G

eoch

emis

try N

ena

Cop

per/G

old

Pro

ject

H

ighl

ands

Gol

d Li

mite

d S

epte

mbe

r 19

94

Yes

C

opie

d (H

PL)

EN

V-

6 E

CO

WIS

E H

ydro

logy

an

d E

nviro

nmen

tal

Ser

vice

s

Nen

a H

ydro

met

ric N

etw

ork

Rep

ort 1

995

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Pro

perti

es

19

95

Yes

E

x 16

88 -

NS

R

EN

V-

7 E

GI

Aci

d fo

rmin

g po

tent

ial o

f Was

te R

ock

and

Impl

icat

ions

for

Man

agem

ent

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Pro

perti

es

19

95

Yes

E

Gi

EN

V-

8 N

SR

Env

ironm

enta

l C

onsu

ltant

s M

eteo

rolo

gy a

nd H

ydro

logy

Rep

ort N

o 1

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Pro

perti

es

May

19

95

Yes

N

SR

EN

V-

9 N

SR

Env

ironm

enta

l C

onsu

ltant

s P

relim

inar

y S

umm

ary

of H

isto

rical

Hyd

rolo

gica

l Dat

a -

Nen

a P

roje

ct, P

NG

H

ighl

ands

Gol

d P

rope

rties

Fe

brua

ry

1995

Y

es

Cop

ied

(HP

L)

EN

V-

10

EC

OW

ISE

Hyd

rolo

gy

and

Env

ironm

enta

l S

ervi

ces

Hyd

rolo

gy &

Env

ironm

enta

l Ser

vice

s - S

ite T

rip J

uly

1996

H

ighl

ands

Gol

d P

rope

rties

1996

Y

es

Cop

ied

(HP

L)

EN

V-

11

EC

OW

ISE

Hyd

rolo

gy

and

Env

ironm

enta

l S

ervi

ces

Hyd

rolo

gy &

Env

ironm

enta

l Ser

vice

s - S

ite T

rip A

pril

1996

H

ighl

ands

Gol

d P

rope

rties

1996

Y

es

Cop

ied

(HP

L)

EN

V-

12

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Pro

perti

es

Ris

ing

stag

e sa

mpl

ing

(RS

S) D

atab

ase

Frie

da R

iver

Joi

nt V

entu

re

19

96

Yes

C

opie

d (H

PL)

EN

V-

13

NS

R E

nviro

nmen

tal

Con

sulta

nts

Ass

imila

tive

Cap

acity

Tes

twor

k R

esul

ts -

Nen

a H

ighl

ands

Gol

d P

rope

rties

1996

Y

es

Cop

ied

(HP

L) -

Dra

ft of

EN

V-17

EN

V-

14

E

nviro

nmen

tal P

lann

ing

Act

Gen

eral

Gui

delin

es fo

r the

P

repa

ratio

n an

d C

onte

nt o

f Env

ironm

enta

l Pla

ns

Dep

artm

ent o

f E

nviro

nmen

t and

C

onse

rvat

ion

Yes

H

PL

EN

V-

15

NS

R E

nviro

nmen

tal

Con

sulta

nts

Pro

pose

d S

cope

of W

ork,

Sch

edul

e an

d C

osts

for t

he

Env

ironm

enta

l Pla

n H

ighl

ands

Gol

d P

rope

rties

D

ecem

ber

1996

Y

es

Cop

ied

(HP

L)

2

Frie

da R

iver

Env

ironm

enta

l Pro

gram

Rev

iew

– D

ocum

ent L

og

C

at

HPL

A

utho

r Ti

tle

Com

pany

M

onth

Ye

ar

Supp

lied

to C

CM

C

Sour

ce

EN

V-

16

NS

R E

nviro

nmen

tal

Con

sulta

nts

Wat

er Q

ualit

y S

ampl

ing

Man

ual

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Pro

perti

es

Nov

embe

r 19

96

Yes

C

opie

d (H

PL)

EN

V-

17

NS

R E

nviro

nmen

tal

Con

sulta

nts

Nen

a A

ssim

ilativ

e C

apac

ity T

estw

ork

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Aus

tralia

P

ty L

imite

d D

ecem

ber

1996

Y

es

Cop

ied

(HP

L)

EN

V-

18

Tony

Spa

ndle

r -

Eco

wis

e E

nviro

nmen

tal

Ltd

Site

Trip

Sep

tem

ber 1

996

- Nen

a Pr

ojec

t H

ighl

ands

Gol

d Li

mite

d O

ctob

er

1996

Y

es

Cop

ied

(HP

L)

EN

V-

19

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Pro

perti

es

Rai

nfal

l and

Riv

er le

vel d

ata

- 196

8 to

198

2 H

ighl

ands

Gol

d P

rope

rties

1982

Y

es

HP

L

EN

V-

20

Tony

Spa

ndle

r -

Eco

wis

e E

nviro

nmen

tal

Ltd

Site

Trip

Dec

embe

r 199

6 - N

ena

Pro

ject

H

ighl

ands

Gol

d Li

mite

d Ja

nuar

y 19

97

Yes

C

opie

d (H

PL)

EN

V-

21

Tony

Spa

ndle

r -

Eco

wis

e E

nviro

nmen

tal

Ltd

Site

Trip

Feb

ruar

y 19

97 -

Nen

a P

roje

ct

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Lim

ited

Mar

ch

1997

Y

es

Cop

ied

(HP

L)

EN

V-

22

EC

OW

ISE

Hyd

rolo

gy

and

Env

ironm

enta

l S

ervi

ces

Nen

a H

ydro

met

ric N

etw

ork

Rep

ort

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Lim

ited

19

96

No

Sam

e as

Env

-27

EN

V-

23

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Lim

ited

Ris

ing

Sta

ge s

ampl

ing

(RS

S) D

atab

ase

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Pro

perti

es

19

96

No

Sam

e as

EN

V-12

EN

V-

24

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Lim

ited

Ass

imila

tive

Cap

acity

Tes

twor

k R

esul

ts -

Nen

a H

ighl

ands

Gol

d P

rope

rties

1996

N

o S

ame

as E

NV-

17

EN

V-

25

Tony

Spa

ndle

r -

Eco

wis

e E

nviro

nmen

tal

Ltd.

Site

Trip

Sep

tem

ber 1

997

- Nen

a P

roje

ct

Hig

hlan

ds P

acifi

c Li

mite

d O

ctob

er

1997

Y

es

Cop

ied

(HP

L)

EN

V-

26

Eco

wis

e E

nvrio

nmen

tal

Lim

ited

Site

Trip

Nov

embe

r 199

7 - F

rieda

Riv

er P

roje

ct

Hig

hlan

ds P

acifi

c Li

mite

d D

ecem

ber

1997

Y

es

Cop

ied

(HP

L)

EN

V-

27

Eco

wis

e E

nvrio

nmen

tal

Lim

ited

Nen

a H

ydro

met

ric N

etw

ork

Rep

ort 1

996

- Nen

a P

roje

ct

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Lim

ited

Dec

embe

r 19

97

Yes

C

opie

d (H

PL)

EN

V-

27A

E

cow

ise

Env

rionm

enta

l Li

mite

d N

ena

Hyd

rom

etric

Net

wor

k R

epor

t 199

7 - N

ena

Pro

ject

H

ighl

ands

Pac

ific

Apr

il 19

98

Yes

C

opie

d (H

PL)

EN

V-

29

Tony

Spa

ndle

r -

Eco

wis

e E

nvrio

nmen

tal

Lim

ited

Hyd

rolo

gy S

ite T

rip J

une

1998

- Fr

ieda

Riv

er P

roje

ct

Cyp

rus

Clim

ax L

imite

d Ju

ne

1998

Y

es

Cop

ied

(HP

L)

EN

V-

30

NS

R E

nviro

nmen

tal

Con

sulta

nts

Nen

a P

roje

ct,P

apua

New

Gui

nea,

Rev

iew

of

Env

ironm

enta

l Pro

gram

H

ighl

ands

Gol

d Li

mite

d Ja

nuar

y 19

95

Yes

N

SR

CR

128

/1

DR

AFT

3

Frie

da R

iver

Env

ironm

enta

l Pro

gram

Rev

iew

– D

ocum

ent L

og

C

at

HPL

A

utho

r Ti

tle

Com

pany

M

onth

Ye

ar

Supp

lied

to C

CM

C

Sour

ce

EN

V-

31

NS

R E

nviro

nmen

tal

Con

sulta

nts

Nen

a Tr

ansp

ort S

tudy

, Pre

limin

ary

Hyd

rolo

gy

Mau

nsel

l M

ay

1995

Y

es

NS

R C

R 1

28/4

EN

V-

32

Tony

Spa

ndle

r -

Eco

wis

e E

nvrio

nmen

tal

Lim

ited

Hyd

rolo

gy S

ite T

rip S

epte

mbe

r 199

8 - F

rieda

Riv

er

Pro

ject

H

ighl

ands

Gol

d P

rope

rties

D

ecem

ber

1998

Y

es

Sup

plie

d by

E

cow

ise

EN

V-

33

Tony

Spa

ndle

r -

Eco

wis

e E

nvrio

nmen

tal

Lim

ited

Hyd

rolo

gy S

ite T

rip D

ecem

ber 1

998

- Frie

da R

iver

Pro

ject

H

ighl

ands

Gol

d P

rope

rties

Fe

brua

ry

1999

Y

es

Sup

plie

d by

E

cow

ise

MIN

- 1

Dam

es &

Moo

re

Pre

limin

ary

Pit

Opt

imis

atio

n an

d M

ine

Pla

n - N

ena

H

ighl

ands

Gol

d P

rope

rties

1995

Y

es

Not

Req

.

MIN

- 2

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Lim

ited

Was

te R

ock

Vol

umes

- N

ena

Pro

ject

H

ighl

ands

Gol

d Li

mite

d Fe

brua

ry

1995

Y

es

Cop

ied

(HP

L)

MIN

- 3

Klo

hn-C

lippe

n R

evie

w o

f Pit

Slo

pe D

esig

n - N

ena

H

ighl

ands

Gol

d P

rope

rties

1995

N

o N

ot R

eq.

MIN

- 4

MIM

Hol

ding

s Lt

d P

relim

inar

y S

tudy

of t

he M

ine

Ope

ratin

g an

d E

quip

men

t C

osts

for t

he N

ena

Cop

per/G

old

Pro

ject

H

ighl

ands

Gol

d P

rope

rties

1995

Y

es

Not

Req

.

MIN

- 5

EG

I - E

nviro

nmen

tal

Geo

chem

istry

In

tern

atio

nal

Pre

limin

ary

Eva

luat

ion

of th

e A

cid

Form

ing

Pot

entia

l of

Was

te R

ock

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Pro

perti

es

19

96

Yes

E

Gi

MIN

- 6

Kev

in R

osen

gren

&

Ass

oc.

Geo

tech

nica

l Ass

essm

ent f

or U

ndeg

roun

d M

inin

g - N

ena

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Pro

perti

es

19

96

Yes

N

ot R

eq.

MIN

- 7

Min

ing

Dyn

amic

s P

relim

inar

y P

it O

ptim

isat

ion

- Hor

se /

Ivaa

l Pit

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Pro

perti

es

19

96

No

Not

Req

.

MIN

- 8

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Lim

ited

C

once

ptua

l Pit

Des

ign

- Nen

a P

roje

ct

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Pro

perti

es

19

95

No

Not

Req

.

MIN

- 9

Dam

es &

Moo

re

Rev

ised

Pit

Des

igns

and

Qua

ntite

s - N

ena

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Lim

ited

Aug

ust

1995

Y

es

Cop

ied

(HP

L)

MIN

- 10

K

evin

Ros

engr

en &

A

ssoc

. G

eote

chni

cal A

sses

smen

t for

Und

egro

und

Min

ing

- Nen

a M

ay 1

996

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Pro

perti

es

19

96

Yes

N

ot R

eq.

MIN

- 11

(Not

at

HP

L)

EG

I - E

nviro

nmen

tal

Geo

chem

istry

In

tern

atio

nal

Hor

se/Iv

aal P

rosp

ect,

PN

G, P

relim

inar

y ev

alua

tion

of th

e ac

id fo

rmin

g po

tent

ial o

f was

ter r

ock.

19

96

No

Sam

e as

Min

-5

Appendix 2 Document Log – Socio-economic Reports

Env

ironm

enta

l Inc

eptio

n R

epor

tFr

ieda

Riv

er P

roje

ctA

ppen

dix

2

TITL

EA

UTH

OR

(S)

DAT

ETY

PE

PLA

CE

HA

RD

CO

PY

LOC

ATIO

N

CO

MM

EN

TS

Cou

ntry

Env

ironm

enta

l Pro

file

of P

apua

New

Gui

nea

Aus

tralia

n In

tern

atio

nal

Dev

elop

men

t A

ssis

tanc

e B

urea

u19

94P

ublic

atio

n; C

ount

ry

envi

ronm

enta

l pro

file

PN

GX

stra

ta B

risba

ne

Aim

s of

the

prof

ile a

re to

out

line

PN

G's

mai

n en

viro

nmen

tla is

sues

in th

e co

ntex

t of e

colo

gica

l sus

tain

able

de

velo

pmen

t; de

scrib

e th

e en

viro

nmen

tally

-rea

lted

aspe

cts

of th

e ex

istin

g A

ustra

lian

deve

lopm

ent c

oope

ratio

n pr

ogra

m.

Wat

er L

aw a

nd C

usto

mar

y W

ater

Rig

hts

Res

earc

h P

roje

ct; F

ield

Wor

k R

epor

t on

the

Upp

er S

epik

an

d C

ham

bri L

ake

Are

a; A

Cas

e S

tudy

of t

he U

pper

Riv

er

Law

renc

e K

una

Kal

inoe

, Uni

vers

ity o

f P

apua

New

Gui

nea

13-M

ar-9

6R

esea

rch

repo

rtU

pper

Sep

ik a

nd

Cha

mbr

i Lak

es A

rea

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

Pap

er b

ased

on

univ

ersi

ty re

sear

ch p

roje

ct fu

nded

by

Hig

hlan

ds P

acifi

c.FM

LA W

orki

ng D

ocum

ent 2

007

& B

eyon

d20

07Fo

rwar

d pl

anFr

ieda

Riv

erX

stra

ta B

risba

ne"B

lue

prin

t' fo

r add

ress

ing

issu

es re

late

d to

Frie

da R

iver

Pro

ject

for 2

007

drill

ing

prog

ram

and

bey

ond.

Occ

upat

ion

fee

Mis

c19

75-8

0C

orre

spon

denc

eP

NG

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

Cor

resp

onde

nce

from

Frie

da C

oppe

r Pty

Ltd

to P

NG

Gov

ernm

ent r

e: o

ccup

atio

n fe

esO

ccup

atio

n / C

ompe

nsat

ion

Mis

c19

80-o

nwar

dsC

orre

spon

denc

eP

NG

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

Cor

resp

onde

nce

from

Frie

da C

oppe

r Pty

Ltd

to P

NG

Gov

ernm

ent r

e: o

ccup

atio

n fe

esG

enea

logy

Stu

dy P

ropo

sal

Dan

Jor

gens

en22

-Aug

-94

Pro

posa

lFr

ieda

Riv

erX

stra

ta B

risba

neP

ropo

sal f

or a

stu

dy o

f inf

orm

atio

n co

ncen

ring

loca

l peo

ple

with

in th

e m

ine

pros

pect

are

aLo

cal p

eopl

e Te

lefo

min

/Tel

efor

min

Cou

ncil

Mis

c19

76-1

980

Cor

resp

onde

nce

Tele

fom

inX

stra

ta B

risba

neC

orre

spon

denc

e re

gard

ing

coun

cil m

eetin

gs a

nd s

pons

orsh

ips

Cor

resp

onde

nce

DD

AM

isc

1969

-197

8C

orre

spon

denc

eP

NG

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

Cor

resp

onde

nce

to/fr

om th

e D

istri

ct D

evel

opm

ent A

dmin

istra

tion

Frie

da P

aupe

Rel

atio

nshi

psM

isc

1969

-198

3C

orre

spon

denc

eP

NG

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

Cor

resp

onde

nce

rega

rdin

g is

sues

rela

ting

to P

aupe

Frie

da L

and

Ow

ners

hip

Mis

c19

69-1

982

Cor

resp

onde

nce

PN

GX

stra

ta B

risba

neC

orre

spon

denc

e re

gard

ing

issu

es re

latin

g to

Frie

da R

iver

land

owne

rsP

oliti

csM

isc

1978

-198

2C

orre

spon

denc

eP

NG

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

Cor

resp

onde

nce

rega

rdin

g go

vern

men

t rel

atio

nsM

isc

1971

-198

0C

orre

spon

denc

eP

NG

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

Cor

resp

onde

nce

rega

rdin

g W

est S

epik

pro

vinc

e m

atte

rsD

ept o

f Dis

trict

Adm

inis

tratio

n P

atro

l Rep

orts

1970

-198

0Fi

eld

repo

rtsD

istri

ctX

stra

ta B

risba

neB

efor

e in

depe

nden

ce; A

ustra

lian

adm

inis

tratio

n pa

trols

Ifilo

poni

n G

roup

Dis

cuss

ions

and

Cor

resp

onde

nce

Mis

c19

81D

iscu

ssio

n no

tes;

co

rres

pond

ence

Una

mo;

Wab

iaX

stra

ta B

risba

neTr

ust d

eeds

for t

he v

illag

es U

nam

o an

d W

abia

Mis

c19

95C

orre

spon

denc

eFr

ieda

Riv

erX

stra

ta B

risba

neC

orre

spon

denc

e re

latin

g to

a m

inis

teria

l trip

to N

ena.

Nen

a R

epor

tsM

isc

1994

Cor

resp

onde

nce

Frie

da R

iver

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

Mis

cella

neou

s re

ports

and

cor

resp

onde

nce

Com

mun

ity Is

sues

Ass

ocia

ted

With

Lar

ge-S

cale

Min

ing

Dev

elop

men

ts In

Pap

ua n

ew G

uine

a:

Pot

entia

l Im

plic

atio

ns fo

r Xst

rata

's F

rieda

Riv

er P

roje

ctC

olin

File

rO

ct-0

7C

omm

unity

Issu

esFr

ieda

Riv

erX

stra

ta B

risba

ne x

3C

ompi

latio

n of

issu

es a

risin

g w

ithin

the

com

mun

ity w

ith re

com

men

datio

ns to

add

ress

them

Iden

tific

atiu

on o

f the

Lan

dow

ners

in th

e Fr

ieda

Riv

er A

rea

& th

eir A

ffilia

tions

with

oth

er G

roup

sTh

omas

Moy

lan

13-N

ov-7

9H

isto

ry, G

enea

olog

y, S

ocia

l S

truct

ure

Frie

da R

iver

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

A

ccou

nts

of w

arfa

re a

mon

gsts

trib

al g

roup

s, re

latio

nshi

ps, g

enea

olgy

and

gen

eral

soc

ial s

truct

ure.

The

Cul

tura

l Con

text

of N

ena

(A R

epor

t to

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Lim

ited)

Don

Gar

dner

1996

Soc

ial s

truct

ure

Frie

da R

iver

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

A st

udy

of c

onte

mpo

rary

soc

ial s

truct

ure,

sub

sist

ence

, res

ourc

e ow

ners

hip,

dis

tribu

tion

and

inhe

ritan

ce.

Rep

ort C

once

rnin

g P

aiya

mo

and

Tele

fol L

ando

wne

rs' I

ssue

s w

ith R

espe

ct to

the

Nen

a M

inin

g P

roje

ctD

an J

orge

nsen

Jan-

96La

ndow

ner I

ssue

sFr

ieda

Riv

er, T

elef

ol &

P

aiya

mo

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

Soc

ial a

nd h

ealth

issu

es a

risin

g in

rela

tion

to th

e pr

opos

ed m

ine

deve

lopm

ent p

roje

ct.

Nen

a P

roje

ct S

ocio

-Eco

nom

ic Im

pact

Ass

essm

ent:

Cul

tura

l Im

pact

sD

on G

ardn

erA

pr-9

6C

ultu

ral I

mpa

cts

Nen

a A

rea

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

Cul

tura

l com

plex

ity; l

and

disp

utes

aris

e fro

m o

ngoi

ng m

iner

al e

xplo

ratio

n N

ena

Soc

io E

cono

mic

Impa

ct S

tudy

Ove

rvie

w R

epor

t / C

omm

ents

on

'Nen

a P

roje

ct S

ocio

-E

cono

mic

Ass

essm

ent (

Bon

ne &

Rob

inso

n 19

95)

Col

in F

iler

Mar

-66

Pee

r Rev

iew

/Com

men

tary

Nen

a A

rea

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

A pe

er re

view

by

Col

in F

iler o

n st

udie

s co

ncer

ing

impa

cts

at F

rieda

don

e by

Bon

nel &

Rob

inso

n 19

95 &

by

Gar

dner

in 1

996.

Land

owne

rs' m

emos

, let

ters

, rep

lies

Mis

c19

94-1

995

Cor

resp

onde

nce

Frie

da R

iver

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

Cor

resp

onde

nce

conc

erni

ng la

ndow

ners

see

king

ass

ista

nnce

, som

e gr

ieva

nces

at c

ompa

ny a

nd th

eir r

espo

nses

Nen

a G

enea

logy

Stu

dy T

rip n

umbe

r 1. A

repo

rt to

Hig

hlan

ds G

old

Lim

ited

Don

Gar

dner

Jan-

95G

enea

logy

; Dem

ogra

phic

sN

ena

and

May

Val

ley

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

Gen

ealo

gy s

tudy

in th

e N

ena

and

May

val

leys

.

Nen

a S

ocio

-Eco

nom

ic Im

pact

Stu

dy. F

ield

wor

k Fe

brua

ry 1

995

S B

onne

l; F

Rob

inso

n;

N M

akap

Mar

-95

Soc

io-E

cono

mic

fiel

d w

ork

May

Riv

er; O

k E

sai;

Wab

i; N

ena

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

x 2

cop

ies

Soc

io-e

cono

mic

impa

ct s

tudy

in th

e M

ay ri

ver,

Ok

Esa

i, W

abia

and

nen

a ar

eas.

Nen

a S

ocio

Eco

nom

ic Im

pact

Stu

dy O

verv

iew

Rep

ort

Env

ironm

enta

l M

anag

emen

t and

M

onito

ring

Nov

-95

Soc

io-E

cono

mic

Impa

ct s

tudy

Sep

ik B

asin

; Nen

aX

stra

ta B

risba

neS

ocio

-eco

nom

ic im

pact

stu

dy o

f the

Sep

ik B

asin

and

Nen

a.

Dra

ft re

port

Nen

a P

roje

ct S

ocio

-Eco

nom

ic A

sses

smen

tS

usan

ne B

onne

ll; F

rits

Rob

inso

nN

ov-9

5

Soc

io-E

cono

mic

stu

dy fo

r pre

-fe

asib

ility

stu

dy o

f the

Nen

a pr

ojec

t

Nen

a; S

chat

terb

erg

Mou

ntai

ns; S

anda

un

prov

ince

; PN

GX

stra

ta B

risba

ne x

2 c

opie

sA

soci

o-ec

onom

ic s

tudy

und

erta

ken

for t

he N

ena

pref

easa

bilit

y st

udy

Con

fiden

tial R

epor

t con

cern

ing

Pai

yam

o an

d Te

lefo

l Lan

dow

ners

' iss

ues

with

resp

ect t

o th

e N

ena

Min

ing

Pro

ject

Dan

Jor

gens

onJa

n-96

Land

owne

r Iss

ues

and

Dem

ogra

phic

cen

sus

Nen

a; F

rieda

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

A re

port

conc

erni

ng P

aiya

mo

and

Tele

fol l

ando

wne

rs

Com

mun

ity D

irect

ory

Nen

a P

roje

ct A

rea

Sub

ada

Con

sulti

ng P

ty

Ltd

Feb-

96P

opul

atio

n m

ap a

nd

com

mun

ities

bas

elin

e in

fo M

ay R

iver

; Sep

ik R

iver

; Fr

ieda

Riv

erX

stra

ta B

risba

neA

docu

men

t con

tain

ing

popu

latio

n m

ap a

nd c

omm

uniti

es b

asel

ine

info

Dra

ft: A

sum

mar

y of

the

Peo

ple

and

Cul

ture

s of

the

Nen

a Im

pact

are

a.

Don

Gar

dner

; Dan

Jo

rgas

sen;

Geo

rge

Mor

ren;

Run

e P

auls

en;

com

pile

d by

Don

G

ardn

erM

ar-9

6P

eopl

e; c

ultu

re; i

mpa

ct a

rea

Nen

a Te

lofo

min

Dis

trict

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

A do

cum

ent d

escr

ibin

g th

e pe

ople

and

thei

r cul

ture

in th

e im

pact

are

a of

the

Nen

a D

istri

ct.

Pro

vinc

ial L

and

Offi

ce C

usto

mar

y La

nd In

vest

igat

ion

Form

Pro

vinc

ial L

and

Offi

ce

Aug

-07

Gen

eolo

gyO

k E

sai;

Tele

fom

in;

San

daun

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

Gen

ealo

gy s

tudy

at O

k E

sai

Land

Inve

stig

atio

n R

epor

t Frie

da R

iver

Pro

ject

Join

t Eas

t Sep

ik a

nd

San

daun

Pro

vinc

ial

Land

Inve

stig

atio

n te

amS

ep-0

7G

eneo

logy

Ok

Esa

i; Te

lefo

min

; S

anda

unX

stra

ta B

risba

neG

enea

logy

stu

dy a

t Ok

Esa

i

Land

Inve

stig

atio

n R

epor

t 1A

Pro

vinc

ial L

and

Offi

ce19

94La

nd In

vest

igat

ion

Rep

ort;

LIR

Wan

ium

; Ham

; Hot

min

; U

sale

min

; Mab

wei

min

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

Land

Inve

stig

atio

n R

epor

t

Land

Inve

stig

atio

n R

epor

t 1B

Pro

vinc

ial L

and

Offi

ce19

94La

nd In

vest

igat

ion

Rep

ort;

LIR

Pau

pe; A

mar

omin

; Ini

ok;

Sok

amin

; Wam

einm

in;

Ok

Esa

iX

stra

ta B

risba

neLa

nd In

vest

igat

ion

Rep

ort

Frie

da L

and

Inve

stig

atio

n R

epor

t for

Arc

h Fi

les

No

1A -

1C. F

rieda

Pat

rol R

epor

t Sum

mar

y.D

ivis

ion

of L

and

Mob

iliza

tion

Wew

ak19

94

Cus

tom

ary

Land

In

vest

igat

ion;

Gen

ealo

gy;

Hea

lth;L

aw a

nd O

rder

Frie

da R

iver

; Pau

pe; o

k E

sai;

Wab

ia;

Wam

einm

in; S

okam

in;

Am

arom

in; F

iak;

M

abw

eim

in; F

iarm

in;

Hot

min

; Usa

lem

in;

Inag

re v

illag

e; H

am;

Yanp

amin

; Wan

ium

Xst

rata

Bris

bane

Sum

mar

y R

epor

t of L

and

Inve

stig

atio

n st

udy

1A-1

C (

only

file

s av

aila

ble

are

1 A

and

1 B

.)

128_

12_A

pp2-

v1-1

.xls

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