f}rh; vè;k; ¯gnh fiqyeh xhrk dh...

f}rh; vè;k;

¯gnh fiQYeh xhrksa dh jpuk&i¼fr

vkt Hkkjrh; flusek yxHkx 85 cjl iwjk dj jgk gSA brus o"kks± esa ¯gnh

flusek us fo'o flusek esa viuh ,d vyx igpku cuk;h gSA ¯gnh fiQYesa fo'o

esa vius xhrksa osQ dkj.k tkuh tkrh gSA tgk¡ fons'kh fiQYesa fcuk xhrksa osQ viuh

dgkuh iwjh djrh gS ogha ¯gnh fiQYesa vius xhrksa osQ fcuk dgkuh ugha dgrhAa

fganh fiQYeh xhrksa us fiQYeksa ls fudydj yksxksa osQ fnyks&fnekx ij xgjh Nki

NksM+h gS] ;s xhr jxks esa nkSM+rs [kwu dh rjg vke tu&ekul ls ,dkdkj gks x,

gSaA MkWñ eqosQ'k xxZ osQ 'kCnksa esa µ ¶fiQYeh xhrksa us chloha lnh esa gekjs ns'k

esa tSlk rgydk epk;k] mldh felky nqfu;k esa dgha vkSj ugha feyrhA

;g ,d lPpkbZ gS fd Hkkjrh; laxhr esa bl lnh dh lcls cM+h Økafr

fiQYeh xhrksa osQ tfj, gqbZA¸1

Hkkjrh; laxhr osQ {ks=k esa ;g Økafr dksbZ jkrksa&jkr ugha gqbZ] cfYd blosQ

ihNs o"kks± dk bfrgkl gSA mu rduhf'k;uksa dh esgur gS tks ges'kk insZ osQ ihNs

jgsA vkye vkjk igyh lokd fiQYe Fkh tks vkt ,d bfrgkl cu pqdk gSA

ysfdu ,d fiQYe bl nkSj esa ,slh vkbZ ftlus xhr laxhr dks ¯gnh fiQYeksa dk

vfuok;Z rÙo cuk fn;k_ og Fkh 'khjh&iQjgkn Lokeh okfgn dkteh fy[krs gSa

µ ¶jsdkfM±x&DokfyVh esa Lrjh; vkSj Js"Brk osQ fygkt ls lcls csgrj fiQYe

eknu okyksa dh 'khjh&iQjgkn FkhA mlesa vius le; dh çfl¼re xkf;dk

dTtu vkSj mlh osQ tksM+ dk e'kgwj xk;d fulkj dh izeq[k Hkwfedk,¡ FkhaA xkus

dh rknkn 17 Fkh tks vfèkdrj dTtu us xk, FksA og fiQYe cacbZ esa yxkrkj 14

lIrkg rd HkhM+ [khaprh jgh vkSj fiQj lkjs Hkkjr esa çn£'kr gksdj mlus cs'kqekj

nkSyr o 'kksgjr cVksjhA lcls egÙoiw.kZ ckr Fkh fd 'khjh iQjgkn gh og fiQYe

1 MkWñ eqosQ'k xxZ µ fiQYe laxhr bfrgkl vad (tuojh&iQjojh] 1995) i`ñ&1

55

Fkh ftlus fganqLrkuh flusek esa xhr laxhr dks lcls vfuok;Z rÙo lkfcr fd;kA

vkt rd fiQYeksa esa ;gh pht lcls vfuok;Z pyh vk jgh gSA¸1 'khjh iQjgkn

osQ ckn ls fiQYeh xhrksa us ihNs eqM+dj ugha ns[kk] cfYd fujarj fiQYeh xhr ,d

osQ ckn ,d ^ehy osQ iRFkj* LFkkfir djrs pys x,A Hkkjrh; flusek bfrgkl esa

;s ehy osQ iRFkj vius vki ugha yxs cfYd blosQ ihNs gtkjksa yksxksa osQ vFkd

iz;kl Fks] ftuesa xhr fy[kus okys xhrdkj] u`R; funsZ'kd] oSQejkeSu] dykdkj]

fuekZrk&funsZ'kd ;gk¡ rd dh LikV ck; vkfn lHkh dk ;ksxnku jgk gSA

^fodhihfM;k n izQh ,ulkDyksihfM;k* esa xhrksa dh jpuk çfØ;k osQ ckjs esa fy[kk

gS µ" Song in bollywood movie are deliberately crafted with lyrics often written by

distinguished poets or literatures (often different from those who wrote the film

scripts) and set to music, carefully choreographed to match the dance routine or

script of the film. They are sung by professional play back singers and lip-synched

by the actors, Bollywood cinema is unique in that the majority of songs are seen to

be sung by the characters them selves rather than being played in the background

film song have been described electric both in instrumentation and style. They often

employ foreign instrument and rework existing songs remarkable inventiveness in

the reinvention of melodies and instrumental techniques".2

bl çdkj ge ns[krs gS fd ¯gnh fiQYeh xhrksa dh jpuk esa xhrdkj xhr

fy[krk gS] tks cuh gqbZ èkqu esa fcBk fy;k tkrk gSA fiQj ml xhr dks xk;dksa }kjk

fjdkMZ djok fy;k tkrk gS] fjdkMZ djokus osQ ckn fiQYe osQ ik=kksa }kjk xkrk

gqvk fn[kk;k tkrk gSA vxj u`R; dh t:jr gks rks og Hkh dykdkjksa osQ lkFk

fiQYek fy;k tkrk gSA fiQYeh xhrksa dks cuus esa ,d yach çfØ;k ls gksdj

xqtjuk gksrk gS] ij ;g ckr cgqr egÙoiw.kZ gS fd fiQYeh xhrksa osQ cuus dh

çfØ;k ges'kk ,d lh ugha gksrh] cfYd blosQ cuus esa ges'kk vyx&vyx

dkjdksa dh Hkwfedk gksrh gS] fiQYeh xhrksa dh jpuk i¼fr fuEu 'kh"kZdksa ls le>h

tk ldrh gS µ

1 m¼r] laikñ eqosQ'k xxZ & ¯gnh laxhr bfrgkl vad] i`ñ&86

2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/music_of_bollywood#production.

56

1- ,d lkewfgd fufeZfr

fiQYeh xhrksa dh jpuk esa vusd yksxksa dk gkFk gksrk gSA ¯gnh fiQYeksa esa

fiQYeh xhr ,d lkewfgd iz;kl dk urhtk gksrs gSaA ;k ;w¡ dgs fd lHkh osQ

lg;ksx ls flusek osQ egku xhrksa dh jpuk gqbZ rks xyr u gksxkA izgykn

vxzoky osQ 'kCnksa esa µ¶yrk u xkrh rks ^vktk js ijns'kh* xhr vej ugha gksrk]

;fn eqosQ'k] fd'kksj] jiQh ugha gksrs rks ,d iwjs bjk (ERA) dk LVkjMe ugha curk]

usikyh ukd&uD+'k okys lkèkkj.k jkts'k [kUuk lqij LVkj dh inoh xzg.k dj ikrs

blesa eq>s 'kadk gS1A bl çdkj ge ns[krs gaS fd vxj jktdiwj] nyhi lkgc]

jkts'k [kUuk] nsokuan osQ LVkjMe osQ ihNs vxj mudh dykdkjh dk ;ksxnku gS rks

mu xk;dksa] laxhrdkjksa vkSj xhrdkjksa dk Hkh vge ;ksxnku gSA jktdiwj us xk;d

eqosQ'k osQ lanHkZ esa cM+h drKrk ls Lohdkj fd;k] ¶eqosQ'k esjh vkRek Fks vkSj

muosQ fcuk eSa fliZQ 'kjhj ek=k FkkA og vkokt tks nqfu;k okyksa osQ fny rd

igq¡ph eqosQ'k dh Fkh] esjh ughaA jktdiwj rks cl ,d Nfo Fkk & gkM+&ekal dk

,d <kapk ek=kA tc eqosQ'k dh e`R;q gqbZ rks lc oqQN lekIr gks x;kA eq>s yxk

fd esjh lkal vkSj esjh vkRek pyh xbZA eSa gh tkurk gw¡ eSaus D;k [kks fn;kA¸2

jktdiwj dh fiQYeksa esa xhr laxhr ,d fdjnkj dh rjg gh Fkk viuh fiQYeksa osQ

laxhr osQ cukus dks ysdj ftruk lathnk jktdiwj Fks mrus de gh fiQYedkj jgs

FksA os viuk loksZÙke fiQYe esa Mkyrs Fks vkSj viuh Vhe ls Hkh loksZÙke dh

vk'kk djrs FksA loksZÙke ls de ij dksbZ le>kSrk ugha djrs Fks] pkgs blosQ fy,

fdruk èku] ifjJe yxs µ ¶jktdiwj viuh fiQYe osQ Hkou dh uhao laxhr osQ

vkèkkj ij j[krs gSA jktdiwj osQ eu esa Li"V Nfo jgrh gS fd og vius

xhrdkj vkSj xk;d ls dkSu lk izHkko pkgrs gSA og dHkh vklkuh ls larq"V ugha

gksrs vkSj dHkh le>kSrk ugha djrsA og dHkh dksbZ pht Lohdkj ugha djrs tks

muosQ xq.koÙkk osQ ekin.M ij lkS iQhlnh lgh u gksA¸3 jktdiwj ftrus vPNs

vfHkusrk] funsZ'kd Fks mrus vPNs laxhr la;kstd Hkh FksA laxhr dh f'k{kk mUgksaus

1 lk{kkRdkj % izgykn vxzoky] fnukad 22-8-2012

2 fjrq uank µ jktdiwj] i`ñ&114

3 ogh] iñ&120

57

xzg.k dh gh Fkh] mUgksaus viuh fiQYeksa osQ laxhr dk vyx eqgkojk x<+k vkSj bl

eqgkojs dks x<+us esa mudh Vhe us lewg osQ :i esa viuk loksZÙke fn;kA jktdiwj

viuh eaMyh osQ ckjs esa ;kn dj crkrs gS µ ¶tekuk Hkys dgrk gks Loj

egÙoiw.kZ gS u fd xhr] ijarq esjs fy, rks Loj vkSj xhr nksuksa gh ,d ls

egÙoiw.kZ gSA fiQYe fuekZ.k osQ liQj esa yrk th] eqosQ'k th] jiQh th vkSj eUuk

Ms us cgqr nwj rd esjk lkFk fuHkk;k & ;gh Fks esjh fiQYe fuekZ.k ;k=kk osQ ge

jkghA esjs xhrdkj 'kSysUnz vkSj gljr ls eq>s cgqr oqQN feyk vkSj eSaus laxhrdkj

jke xkaxqyh] 'kadj&t;fd'ku] y{ehdkar&I;kjsyky vkSj jfoUnz tSu ls Hkh cgqr

oqQN ik;kA lp rks ;g gS fd vly pht ;s gh yksx gS µ eSa rks ek=k lapkyd

gw¡A lRo gS budk Kku] budh izfrHkkA esjs lg;ksfx;ksa dh dykA eSa muosQ efgek

izdk'k esa gh pedk gw¡A¸1

jktdiwj cgqr gh lhèks 'kCnksa esa bl ckr dks Lohdkj djrs gS fd dksbZ

Hkh l`tu vosQys ugha gks ldrk blosQ fy, lHkh dk lg;ksx visf{kr gksrk gSA

;g lcls cM+k lR; gS fd dksbZ Hkh egku jpuk rHkh curh gS tc mlesa 'kkfey

lHkh yksx viuk loksZÙke ;ksxnku nsrs gS] ^[kÕ;ke* lkgc gjh'k fHkekuh dks xhr

dh jpuk çfØ;k osQ ckjs esa crkrs gq, cM+k gh O;kogkfjd Kku nsrs gS & ¶ckr

;g gS fd ekSlhdhdkj us rtZ ckaèkhA vc rtZ ckaèkuk gok esa rks vkrk ugha] cM+h

tíkstgn dk dke gS] ,d gLlkl (laosnu'khy) fny gh ;g dj ldrk gSA rks

laxhrdkj dks rks viuh rtZ ls oSls gh I;kj gks tkrk gS] tSls lkgc dks vius

lkgctkns ls (firk dks iq=k ls)] og rks vPNh ls vPNh ijofj'k djuk pkgrk

gS] mldks ftruh gks losQ csgrjhu pht nsuk pkgrk gSA rks laxhrdkj Hkh pkgrk gS

fd mldh èkqu dks csgrjhu vkokt feys] rkfd mldk dke fcYoqQy fu[kj dj

yksxksa dks uqek;k gksA vc jgh vkidh iSlks okyh ckrA nsf[k,] og rks izksM~;wlj

dh ftEesnkjh gSA og cs'kd frtkjr osQ (O;kikj osQ) utfj;s ls ns[ksxk fd mldh

ykxr dk iwjk eqvkotk mls fey jgk gS ;k ughaA rks izksM~;wlj 'kk;n ,slk djrk

gksxk fd nwljs izksM~;wljksa dh dke;kch dh rkjh[k esa >k¡osQxk (nwljs izksM;wljksa dh

liQyrk dk bfrgkl tk¡psxk) fglkc yxk,xk] tksM+&ckdh djsxk vkSj fiQj urhts

1 fjrq uank µ jktdiwj] i`ñ&114

58

ij igq¡psxk fd egaxh vkSj ^,LVkfcyLM* vkokt ys ;k fdlh u;s dks pkal ns

dj ^fjLd* ysA fdlh fiQYe dh dke;kch osQ ihNs vPNs xkuksa dh cM+h

vgfe;r gksrh gSA¸1 ;gk¡ [kÕ;ke fcYoqQy O;kogkfjd vankt esa xhrksa osQ cuus osQ

ihNs dh iwjh çfØ;k Li"V djrs gSA

yrk eaxs'kdj osQ ckjs esa ,d ckr çfl¼ gS fd os ik¡p feuV xhr dh

rtZ lh[kus esa ysrh gS] nl feuV esa xkrh vkSj ianzg feuV esa fjdk²Mx LVwfV;ksa ds

ckgj fudy tkrh gS] ysfdu ukS'kkn tSls laxhrdkj mUgsa fcuk ^vks-osQ- Vsd lqus

ugha tkus nsrs FksA yrk [kqn crkrh gS µ ¶vycÙkk ukS'kkn lkgc eq>s fjdk²Mx osQ

ckn tcjnLrh jksdk djrsA ^igys cl ;g ^vks-osQ-* Vsd lqu tkvks* dg dj

fefDlax :i esa vkus dh fourh djrs vkSj ogk¡ tkrs gh vanj ls njoktk can

djok nsrsA fygktk esjs lkFk] fjdkWfMZLV] fuekZrk funsZ'kd] lc&osQ&lc oSQn\ vkSj

fiQj ukS'kkn lkgc dks ,d ^Vsd* lqukdj dc larks"k gksrk Fkk\ lkjs&osQ lkjs

^Vsd* lquokrs vkSj muesa ls eq>s fdl ^Vsd* esa ls xkus dk dkSu&lk varjk vkSj

laxhr dk dkSu&lk VqdM+k vPNk yxk] ;g crkuk iM+rk FkkA ;w¡ ge lc feydj

r; djrs fd tks xkuk insZ ij yksx ns[ksaxs vkSj fjdkMZ ctk dj lqusaxs] mldk

vafre :i vkdkj D;k gksxkA¸ bl rjg osQ okd;s bl ckr dks LFkkfir djrs gS

fd fiQYeh xhrksa dh jpuk i¼fr fdlh ,d O;fDr dk ugha cfYd ,d lkewfgd

iz;kl }kjk gh laHko gksrh gSA laxhrdkj us èkqu cuk nh] xhrdkj us 'kCn èkqu ij

fijks fn, ek=k bruk gh dkiQh ugha] xk;dksa dk Hkh mruk gh egÙoiw.kZ LFkku gS]

xhrksa osQ cuus esaA

,d ;k nks fuekZrk&funsZ'kdksa dh ckr ugha T;knkrj fuekZrk&funsZ'kd iwjh dh

iwjh ,d Vhe osQ lkFk gh dk;Z djrs gSA fiQYe osQ ^xhr* ,d ,dkafrd çfØ;k

dh ctk; ,d lkewfgd çfØ;k ”;knk gS] ftlesa lHkh i{k viuk 'kr izfr'kr

;ksxnku nsrs gaSA ,d ckr vkSj ;gk¡ egÙoiw.kZ gS] vxj fdlh fiQYe dh Vhe ,d

ckj liQy fiQYe ns nsrh gS] rks tc rd dksbZ cM+k dkj.k u gks og vkxs Hkh ,d

lkFk dke djrh jgrh gSA jktdiwj vkSj xq#nÙk us bl ijaijk dks dbZ fiQYeksa rd

dk;e j[kk] ;l ckl (1997) dk mnkgj.k ys rks blosQ funsZ'kd vtht fetkZ

1 gjh'k fHkekuh µ vthc nkLrk gS ;s] iñ&182&183

59

Fks] laxhr tfru yfyr dk Fkk vkSj xhrdkj tkosn v[rj FksA ;gh Vhe fiQj ubZ

fiQYe fiQj Hkh fny gS fganqLrkuh esa fiQj utj vkbZ ;gh ugha nksuksa fiQYeksa osQ

flrkjs Hkh ,d gh Fks 'kkg#[k ,oa twgh pkoykA vr% ge dg ldrs gSa fd xhrksa

osQ fuekZ.k esa lHkh i{kksa dh lkewfgd Hkwfedk gksrh gSA ,d Hkh i{k osQ fcuk xhrksa

dh jpuk vlaHko gSA Lokuan fdjfdjs bls Li"V djrs gq, dgrs gaS µ ¶lcls

igys funsZ'kd laxhrdkj dks fiQYe dh dgkuh crkrk gS vkSj oqQN fiQYe dh

flpq,'ku crkrk gS] laxhrdkj buosQ vkèkkj ij èkquksa dks rS;kj djrk gS] fiQj

xhrdkj dks mu èkquksa ij 'kCn Vkadus dks dgrk gSA xhrdkj 'kCn Vkad nsrk gS]

fiQj xk;dksa@xkf;dk osQ lkFk cSBdj ml xhr dk vH;kl dj fy;k tkrk gSA

dgha 'kCn cnyus dh t:jr iM+s rks xhrdkj dks Hkh lkFk j[kk tkrk gS] fiQj lc

Bhd&Bkd gksus ij xhr dh fjdkfM±x LVqfM;ksa esa fjdkMZ djok fy;k tkrk gSA¸1

bl rjg ge dg ldrs gSa fd xhrksa dh jpuk i¼fr lkewfgd iz;kl ,d

egÙoiw.kZ rÙo gSa] ftlesa funsZ'kd] laxhrdkj] xhrdkj] xk;d dh egÙkh Hkwfedk

gksrh gSA

2- vk£Fkd fufeZfr (fjdk²Mx oaQifu;ksa dh Hkwfedk)

flusek ftruk euksjatd ekè;e gS mlls dgha ”;knk ;g O;kolkf;d Hkh

gSA vkt dh rkjh[k esa lSdM+ksa dh la[;k esa izfro"kZ fiQYesa curh gS] ykxr vkSj

equkisQ dk xf.kr pyrk jgrk gS] xhr Hkh bl O;kolkf;drk dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ

vax gSA "Since the coming of sound, virtually all commercial Hindi films have

contained songs and these songs are seen as central to the commercial viability

of a film. "2

fjdk²Mx oaQifu;ksa us cksyrh fiQYeksa osQ vkjaHk ls gh blosQ vanj Nqis gq,

O;kolkf;d equkisQ osQ vFkZ'kkL=k dks igpku fy;k FkkA fjdk²Mx oaQifu;ksa osQ

bfrgkl dh ckr djsa rks ^xzkeksiQksu oaQiuh bafM;k fyñ* blesa vxz.kh jgh µ "The

Gramophone company of India Ltd. started operations in India in 1902 as the

1 lk{kkRdkj % Lokuan fdjfdjs] fnukad 29-1-2013

2 Anna Morcom – Hindi Film Song and the Cinema, Page 105

60

Indian wing of His Master Voice (HMV) with a non-film recordings of Gauhar

Jan. (An Anglo-Armenian convert to islam' who had mastered the Thumri). The

first disc of film music under the HMV label was cut with Madhuri (1932). An

Imperial film Company production with music by Pransukh M. Nayak. The film

had 16 songs".

bl rjg ge ns[krs gaS fd 1902 esa xzkeksiQksu oaQiuh vkWiQ bafM;k fy- us

^fgl ekLVjl okW;l* (HMV) dks LFkkfir fd;k vkSj ^xksgj tku* }kjk xk, xhrksa

dk igyk fjdkMZ tkjh fd;kA ekèkqjh (1932) igyh fiQYe cuh ftlosQ fjdkMZ

tkjh fd, x,A

tc ls O;kolkf;d ¯gnh fiQYesa cuus yxh mlesa xkuksa dk gksuk ,d

vfuok;Z rÙo gks x;kA xkuksa dk gksuk fiQYe osQ fy, ges'kk ls iQk;ns dk lkSnk

jgk gSA viokn :i ls oqQN fiQYesa fcuk xkuksa osQ vkbZ ¶ukStoku (1937)] eqUuk

(1954)] dkuwu (1960)] Hkqou lkse (1969)] bÙkiQkd (1969)] vk"kk<+ dk

,d fnu (1971)] dksf'k'k (1972)] vpkud (1973)] pksj&pksj (1973)]

vadqj (1974)] fp#Fkk (1980)] lrg ls mBrk vkneh (1980)] 'kksèk

(1980)¸1 buesa ls viokn NksM+dj T;knkrj fiQYesa liQy ugha gks ldhA

igyh cksyrh fiQYe vkye&vkjk (1931) ls igys fjdk²Mx m|ksx Hkkjr

esa viuh tM+s tek pqdk Fkk ijarq vkye&vkjk osQ xhrksa dk dksbZ Hkh fjdkMZ tkjh

ugha gqvkA2 'kq#vkrh fiQYeksa osQ fjdkMZ ugha cuus dk ,d dkj.k Fkk fd xhrksa dks

fiQYe lkmaM Vªsd ls lhèks xzkeksiQksu ij ysus dh lqfoèkk ugha FkhA

bl le; rd ge dg ldrs gSa fd fiQYeh xhrksa dk fiQYeksa ls vyx

dksbZ vfLrRo ugha Fkk] ijarq xhr fiQYeksa esa ,d vge Hkwfedk esa FksA xhrksa us

vHkwriwoZ yksdfiz;rk vftZr dh Fkh ijarq fiQj Hkh xhrksa dk O;kolkf;d nksgu ugha

gqvk FkkA (Polydor) oaQiuh osQ vkus ls igys Hkkjr esa ,dek=k HMV gh fjdk²Mx

oaQiuh Fkh vkSj fuekZrk mls gh viuh fiQYeh xhrksa osQ vfèkdkj lkSairs Fks vkSj

1 fnypLi µ ¯gnh flusek osQ 100 o"kZ] i`ñ&133&134

2 lk{kkRdkj % izgykn vxzoky] (ofj"B fiQYeh lkfgR;dkj)] fnukad 12-9-2012

61

cnys esa u osQ cjkcj jkW;YVh ikrs Fks µ "Untill polydor come into existence

HMV was the only music company producers therefore donated the song rights

to HMV. who should make records and give the producers 10% Royalities."1 bl

rjg ge ns[krs gS fd fuekZrk fiQYeh xhrksa osQ Lo.kZdky esa fdruh de jkf'k

fiQYeh xhrksa ls ikrk Fkk µ "Producers might get 50,000 to 100,000 rupees of

royalties from hit music."2 izgykn vxzoky crkrs gSa µ ¶ml le; osQ fglkc

ls ;g ,d vPNh jde gS ijarq vkt tks fuekZrkvksa dks fjdk²Mx oaQifu;ksa lsa

feyrk gS mlosQ vkxs oqQN Hkh ughaA Polydor osQ vkus ls fjdk²Mx {ks=k esa

izfr}af}rk dk vkjaHk ekuk tk ldrk gSA¸3

Polydor us 70 osQ le; fiQYe fuekZrkvksa ls laxhr vfèkdkj ysus osQ fy,

ubZ rjdhcs yxkuh vkjaHk dh] ftuesa laxhr vfèkdkj ysus osQ fy, vfxze jkf'k

fuekZrkvksa dks nsuk] ge bls oks igyk volj dg ldrs gSa tc fuekZrkvksa dks

mudh cukbZ fiQYeksa osQ xhrksa osQ fy, ,d izfrHkkxh jde feyuh vkjaHk gqbZ µ

"In the 1970s, Polydor also begain to give producers up-front payment as

advances against the royalties that were to accure after sales."4 fiQj Hkh ;g

jde gtkjksa esa gh Fkh] 'kksys ,d ek=k ,slh fiQYe Fkh ftlosQ laxhr vfèkdkj osQ

fy, 5 yk[k #i;s Polydor us fn, ;g vius vki esa egÙoiw.kZ gSa µ ¶The

producer's of Sholey (1975), was exceptional in receiving an up-frount royality

payment of 500,000 rupees from Polydor."5 ijarq laxhr dh dekbZ osQ {ks=k esa

vHkh vlyh Økafr gksuk ckdh FkkA xzkeksiQksu rduhd vc iqjkuh iM+us yxh Fkh

dSlsV vc xzkeksiQksu dh txg ysus okyh FkhA ihVj esuqvy bls ^oSQlsV cwe* dh

laKk nsrs gS µ "The Cassette boom in India began in the late 1970, and really

1 Anna Morcom – Hindi Film songs and the cinema, Page 190

2 ogh] iñ&190

3 lk{kkRdkj % izgykn vxzoky] fnukad 12-9-2012


5 ogh] iñ&190

62

took off in the mid-1980."1 ;g og le; Fkk tc Hkkjr vk£Fkd mnkjhdj.k dh

çfØ;k esa Fkk] vk;kr ij yxs izfrcaèkksa esa <hy nh tk jgh Fkh] 'kuS% 'kuS% yksxksa

dh Ø; 'kfDr esa o`f¼ gks jgh Fkh] VsifjdkMZj vkSj dSlsV cukus lacaèkh dPpk

eky Hkkjr esa miyCèk gksus yxk Fkk] ^oSQlsV Økafr* us Hkkjrh; laxhr m|ksx osQ

vkdkj dks foLrkj ns fn;k Fkk ihVj esuqvy fy[krs gS µ "Sales of recorded

music-almost entirely cassettes by the late 80s-went from $1.2 million in 1980 to

12 million in 1986, and to over $21 million in 1990 … by the late 1980s Indian

consumers were buying around 2.5 million cassette players annualy."2

;g og le; Fkk tc fjdk²Mx daifu;ka ,d fiQYe osQ 7 ls ysdj 10

yk[k rd oSQlsV cktkj esa mrkjrh Fkh] fo'ks"k fiQYeksa osQ fy, ;g la[;k ”;knk

Hkh gks ldrh Fkh_ E;wftd daifu;ka cktkj dh ekax osQ vuq:i gh bl ckjs esa

fu.kZ; fy;k djrh gS µ "the music company would normally begin by putting

7,00,000 to 1 million cassette in the market. In case of Subash Ghai's much

awaited and hyped Tall (1999) for the first time TIPS put Initial 1.5 million

cassettes in the market".3

rky fiQYe osQ laxhr osQ fo"k; esa vyx ls ”;knk oSQlsV cktkj esa mrkjuk

bl ckr dks LFkkfir djrk gS fd fiQYe fdlh fiQYe osQ xhrksa dh fcozQh ij

fdruk vlj Mkyrh gSA fiQYe dk liQy gksuk fiQYe osQ laxhr osQ liQy gksus

dh xkjaVh gS] vxj fiQYe liQy ugha gksrh rks mlosQ xhrksa osQ dSlsVksa dh fcozQh

ij Hkh mldk udkjkRed vlj iM+uk r; ekuk tkrk gSA fiQYe laxhr dh fcozQh

Hkh nks pj.kksa esa ekuh tkrh gS] fiQYe osQ çn£'kr gksus ls igys vkSj çn£'kr gksus

osQ ckn] blds vkadM+ksa osQ ckjs esa Anna Morcom fy[krh gS] "It is then the

release of the film that determines whether the sales will sail off at around a

million, or If they would go to 4, 5,6 or even 10 or 12 million. And then once

1 Pater Manual – Cassctte culture: Populler Music and Technology in north

India, Page 60-62 2 Anna Morcom – Hindi Film songs and the cinema, Page 194

3 ogh] iñ&197

63

the film is rellesed, if the film is appriciated, then the sales zoom up, then it goes

up to (1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4 million).

vfirq fiQYe dh liQyrk ls fiQYe osQ laxhr dh fcozQh fuf'pr ekuh

tkrh gS] ijarq oqQN viokn Hkh utj vkrs gS tc fiQYeksa osQ izn'kZu ls igys

fiQYe osQ laxhr dh fcozQh us iwoZ osQ lHkh dhfrZekuksa dks èoLr fd;k gksA fny

rks ikxy gS (1997) ,slh gh fiQYe dgh tk ldrh gS ftlosQ izn'kZu ls iwoZ

gh 50 yk[k oSQlsV fcd x, gksa µ "Dil to pagal Hai (1997) broke all records by

selling an unprecederted 5 million before the release of film, which was a big

hit" blh rjg osQ viokn Lo:i vliQy fiQYeksa osQ laxhr dks fy;k tk ldrk

gS] ftlus liQy fiQYeksa osQ laxhr dh dekbZ] dh cjkcjh dh] 1942 yo LVksjh

(1994)] fny ls (1998)] nksuksa fiQYesa fVdV f[kM+dh ij vliQy Fkh ijarq

buosQ laxhr dh fcozQh liQy fiQYeksa osQ cjkcj gh jgh FkhA "The best known

examples of this are 1942 – A love story (1994), which sold over 3 million

copies, and 'dil se' (1998), which is estimated to have sold around 3-4 million

copies."

fdlh fiQYe osQ xhrksa dh rhl yk[k] pkyhl yk[k oSQlsV fcduk

egÙoiw.kZ ekuk tkrk gSA ;g vkadM+s fiQYe osQ izn'kZu ls iwoZ osQ gaS] vxj ;s

fiQYesa pyrh rks dekbZ nqxuh ;k frxquh gksrhA blh çdkj ,d fiQYe vkbZ Fkh ge

vkiosQ gS dkSu ftlus ckDl vkfiQl ij liQyrk osQ u, dhfrZeku cuk, FksA

fiQYe osQ fgV gksus osQ ckn blosQ laxhr dh 12 fefy;u dkfi;ka fcdh Fkh]

vxj fiQYe vliQy gksrh rks fcozQh ek=k 10 ;k 15 yk[k jgrh ,slk vuqeku

fd;k tk ldrk gSµ "The music for Hum Apke Hain Kaun (1994) are of the

most success film ever of Hindi cinema was not particulerly populer before the

release of the film. However when the film's come out, it eventually sold about

12 million tape"1

bl rjg ge dg ldrs gaS fd fiQYe vxj ek¡ gS rks xhr ml ek¡ osQ f'k'kq

dh rjg gS] fiQYeh xhrksa dk liQy gksuk mldh fiQYe osQ liQy gksus ls cgqr 1 Anna Morcom – Hindi Film songs and the cinema, Page 198

64

izHkkfor gksrk gSA fiQYe osQ çn£'kr gksus ls iwoZ xhrksa dk tks Lora=k vfLrRo gksrk

gS] izn'kZu osQ ckn og fiQYe esa tTc gks tkrk gS] fiQYe vxj liQy gks tkrh gS

rks mlosQ xhr Hkh liQy ekus tkrs gS] cgqr de mnkgj.k gS tgk¡ fiQYe vliQy

jgh gks vkSj xhr liQy jgs gkas] fiQYe osQ pyus ls xhrksa dk pyuk fuf'pr gks

tkrk gSA

oSQlsV Økafr us xhrksa ls gksus okyh vk; esa vHkwriwoZ o`f¼ dhA ge tkurs

gSa fd ^iksfyMksj* us fuekZrkvksa dks vfxze nsus dh 'kq#vkr 1970 osQ nkSj esa dj

nh Fkh] ijarq ml oDr ;g jde 20]000 #i;s ls 50]000 #i;s rd gh gksrh Fkh

tks fd ukeek=k gh le>h tk ldrh Fkh] ysfdu ^oSQlsV Økafr* us lkjh fLFkfr ij

izHkko Mkyk Fkk vc ckr gtkjksa ls c<+dj djksM+ksa rd igq¡p xbZ Fkh] fuekZrk vc

fjdk²Mx oaQifu;ksa ls xhrksa osQ vfèkdkj osQ fy, cM+h jdesa ik jgs Fks] ;s jde 2

djksM+] 3 djksM+] 5 djksM+ ;k 7 djksM+ rd igq¡p pqdh FkhA jkses'k rksjkuh vius

,d lk{kkRdkj esa dgrs gS µ ¶Price escalated widely till the crash in 2000.

Romesh Torani of TIPS stated in March 2000 just before the crash that may

bought film audios for anything from 10 to 100 millions rupees interview 31

March 2000), and a producer was rumoured to have been offered 150 million

rupees for an audio in 2000 probebly representing the peak of "audio boom".

blesa ,d ckr fo'ks"k rkSj ls xkSj djus okyh gS fd fiQYeh xhrksa osQ vfèkdkj

[kjhnus okyh oaQifu;ksa dk blosQ laxhr fuekZ.k esa dksbZ n[ky ugha gksrk gS vfirq

;gha daifu;ka tc dksbZ izkbosV vyce cukrh gSa rks mlosQ gj foHkkx ij bu

daifu;ksa dk iwjk fu;a=k.k jgrk gS "The film producer produce the film music, and

the music company therefore was very little, control over it"1

bl ckr ls ge vuqeku yxk ldrs gS fd fjdk²Mx daifu;ka fdl dnj

vfuf'prrk esa laxhr vfèkdkj [kjhnrh gS xhrksa osQ vfèkdkj dh jkf'k vuqekuksa ij

vkèkkfjr gksrh gSA daifu;ka cSuj ij lcls vfèkd è;ku nsrh gS vfèkdrj fLFkfr;ksa

esa cSuj dks laxhrdkjksa ij izkFkfedrk nh tkrhA jkses'k rksjkuh (fVIl) osQ

lk{kkRdkj ls bls vfèkd vPNh rjg le>k tk ldrk gS µ "I don't go by music


65

director … see, Rehman was there in Thakshak (r{kd), Produced & directed by

Manmohan Shetty and Govind Nihalani respectively (1999) also, but you know,

I won't tell you the price, but what rate Thakshak has sold the audio rights, four

time small then Tall (rky) (produced and directed by Subash Ghai, 2000) has

sold. Then Rehman is there in both the film, so that doesn't make any difference,

(intervies, 31 March 2000)."1

blls ;g ckr lkfcr gksrh gS fd ,d gh laxhrdkj osQ cuk, laxhr

vyx&vyx jkf'k;ksa ij fcdrs gSA cSuj ”;knk vge Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA cSuj osQ

vykok uk;d Hkh vfèkdkj dh jkf'k dks izHkkfor djrk gSA gekjh fiQYesa uk;d

izèkku ”;knk gksrh gS vkSj gj n'kd esa vusd uk;dksa us fiQYe m|ksx ij jkt

fd;k gS orZeku esa 'kkg#[k] lyeku] v{k;] vkfej fdlh fiQYe osQ pyus dh

xkjaVh ekus tk ldrs gSA [kjkc dgkfu;ksa vkSj [kjkc VªhVesaV osQ ckn Hkh bu

uk;dksa dh otg ls gh vusd fiQYesa liQy jgh] viokn dgha Hkh gks ldrs gSA

xhrksa osQ vfèkdkj dh jde Hkh izHkkfor djus dh {kerk bu uk;dksa esa gSA gjh'k

fHkekuh "If Shahrukh Khan is in the film, then the Audio becomes (30 million or

35 million rupees) if it is salman, probebly a little less, if it is Akshay Kumar it is

10 million ruppes".2

oSQlsV Økafr osQ miQku osQ ckn 2000 osQ ckn ;g {ks=k viuh m¡QpkbZ ij

dk;e ugha jg ldkA lu~ 2000 dh fxjkoV osQ ckn fjdk²Mx oaQifu;ksa dh dekbZ

esa Hkkjh deha vkbZ] blosQ dbZ dkj.k le>s tk ldrs gS] gkyk¡fd bls fxjkoV

dguk vHkh cgqr tYnckth gh gksxh D;ksafd vkt ge ,d ,sls nkSj esa th jgs gS

tc phtsa cgqr tYnh cny tkrh gS] ysfdu fiQj Hkh bls fxjkoV dgk tk ldrk

gSA bldk ,d cM+k dkj.k ikbjslh dks ekuk tk ldrk gS ,d gh lh-Mh- ;k Mh-

oh-Mh esa 20 ls 50 fiQYeksa osQ xhr ek=k 20 ls 30 #i;s esa dkys cktkj esa

miyCèk gSA xzkgd oSQlsV ;k MhohMh [kjhnus osQ ctk, baVjusV ls eqÝr esa

MkmuyksM dj ysrs gS] vkSj ,d dkj.k dherksa esa c<+ksRrjh dks Hkh fy;k tk


2 ogh] iñ&202&203

66

ldrk gS µ "However there has been a large drop in sales volumes, with the

post 2000 market standing at around 30-40% of pre-2000 market & significante

fector has been increse in music pirecy, in particular illegal downloads from the

internet using Mp3".1

fxjkoV osQ bl nkSj esa tc cktkj 30 izfr'kr ls 40 izfr'kr rd fxj x;k

gS rks xhrksa dk ^fjaxVksu* osQ :i esa bLrseky bu fjdk²Mx oaQifu;ksa dks oqQN

vfrfjDr equkiQk miyCèk djk jgk gS] ysfdu cktkj esa mFky rks gks jgh gS]

^lkjsxkek* tks dHkh (HMV) osQ uke ls tkuh tkrh Fkh viuk ijaijkxr O;olk;

osQ lkFk fiQYeksa osQ fuekZ.k esa lfØ; gks jgh gS µ "SAREGAMA is now

moving into film production".2

vkSj blosQ myV fiQYe fuekZ.k djus okyh

daifu;ka fjdk²Mx osQ {ks=k esa Hkh gkFk vktek jgh gS D;ksafd mUgsa fjdk²Mx

oaQifu;ksa ls mfpr jkf'k ugha fey jgh gS µ "Yash Raj Film's recently launched

"Yash Raj Music" to market and distribute the audio for "Veer-Jara' after being

offered and disappointing price for it from music companies."3

bl rjg ge ns[krs gS fd fjdk²Mx daifu;ka lhèks&lhèks xhrksa dh fufeZfr

dks cgqr ”;knk izHkkfor ugha djrh] ijarq vizR;{k :i ls bu oaQifu;ksa dh

Hkwfedk dks izHkkoh t:jh dgk tk ldrk gSA bu oaQifu;ksa us gh ^fiQYeh xhrksa*

dks ?kj&?kj rd igq¡pkus esa enn dh vkSj ,d rjg ls fiQYe funsZ'kdksa]

laxhrdkjksa] fuekZrkvksa dks vfèkd lqjhys xhr cukus dk ,d dkj.k rks ”k:j fn;kA

,d le; og Hkh Fkk tc ^xhrksa* dh jk;YVh osQ :i esa fjdk²Mx oaQifu;ksa us

fuekZrkvksa dks oqQN gtkj #i;s vnk fd, ijarq ckn esa bUgha oaQifu;ksa us fuekZrkvksa

dh dekbZ esa vyx ls btkiQk fd;kA


2 ogh] iñ&204

3 ogh] iñ&205

67

3- euksjatukFkZ fufeZfr

fiQYeh xhrksa osQ fuekZ.k dh i¼fr esa ;w¡ rks cgqr ls dkjd gksrs gS] ijarq

tks oLrq lcls ”;knk egÙoiw.kZ gS og euksjatuA euksjatu osQ vHkko esa fdlh Hkh

fiQYe dk pyuk loZFkk vlaHko gS] MVhZ fiDpj esa ^fo|k ckyu* dk cksyk x;k

laokn] ¶fiQYesa fliQZ rhu otg ls pyrh gS Entertainment, Entertainment,

Entertainment fiQYeh nqfu;k osQ lkjs vFkZ'kkL=k dks c;ka dj nsrk gSA bu rhu

'kCnksa esa fo'o dh lcls cM+h fiQYe b.MLVªh lek tkrh gSA

fiQYe vkSj mlosQ xhr ewy :i ls O;fDr dk euksjatu gh djrs gSaA fiQYesa

ns[kus osQ ihNs lcls cM+k dkj.k euksjatu dks ekuk tk ldrk gSA fiQYeksa ls

euksjatu dk rÙo ckgj dj ns rks fiQYe vkSj MkD;wesaVjh esa dksbZ iQdZ ugha jg

tk,xk] fuekZrk funsZ'kd bl ckr dks tkurk gS fd vxj n'kZd dks flusek gky

rd ykuk gS rks euksjatd phtsa fiQYesa esa Mkyuh gh iMs+xhaA ¯gnh fiQYeksa esa

euksjatu osQ dbZ elkys gksrs gS_ tSls vxj vkidh fiQYe efgykvksa osQ vkalw

fudyok ldus esa liQy gqbZ rks vkidh fiQYe fgV ;k mlosQ xhr brus euksjatd

gks fd n'kZd dqflZ;ksa ij [kM+s gksdj ukpus yxs] rks vkidh fiQYe fgV vkSj bl

rjg osQ cgqr lkjs iQkewZys ¯gnh flusek osQ ikl gSaA fuekZrk bl ckr dks tkurk gS

fd fiQYeh xhr n'kZdksa dk euksjatu dj losQ rks fiQYe fgV] D;ksafd fgV xhr]

fgV fiQYe dh xkjaVh gksrs gSA ;g ge xhrksa osQ fuekZ.k esa oSQlsV oaQifu;ksa dh

Hkwfedk esa ns[k pqosQ gS] D;ksafd var esa xhr gh jg tkrs gaSA vki fiQYe dh

dgkuh Hkwy tkrs gS] ij xhr ;kn jgrs gSA ge bldks ,d mnkgj.k ls Hkh le>

ldrs gSaA

I;klk fiQYe cu jgh Fkh] tkuhokdj xq#nÙk ds ?kfu"B fe=k Fks tks mudh

gj fiQYe esa gksrs FksA tkuhokdj vfèkdrj gkL; Hkwfedk gh djrs Fks] xq#nÙk us

vczkj vYoh tks mudh fiQYe fy[kk djrs Fks] dks tkWuh okdj osQ fy, gkL;

Hkwfedk jpus dks dgk] vkSj vczkj us muosQ fy, ^ekfy'k okys* dh Hkwfedk

fy[kh mldk ^lj tks rsjk pdjk,* vkt Hkh ;kn fd;k tkrk gSA bl xhr dh

fufeZfr dk fdLlk cM+k jkspd gS tks vcjkj lR;k lju }kjk fy[kh fdrkc

^xq#nÙk osQ lkFk ,d n'kd* esa crkrs gS & ¶vius baXySaM Hkze.k osQ nkSjku xq#nÙk

68

us <sj lkjs ^78 vkjñ ihñ ,eñ* osQ vaxzsth xkuksa osQ fjdkMZ [kjhns FksA muesa ls

mUgsa ,d èkqu ilan vk;h Fkh vkSj I;klk esa mrkjus dh lksphA og ^gsjh CySd

,.M n Vkbxj* fiQYe dk xkuk FkkA ml le; xq#nÙk dks 'kk;n ;g irk u Fkk

fd ;g fiQYe fudV Hkfo"; esa Hkkjr esa fjyht gksus okyh FkhA ,l- Mh- oeZu

tks I;klk ds fy, èkqus cuk jgs Fks] muls bl xkus dh Lojc¼ udy djus dks

dgk x;kA nknk ceZu dks ;g ckr fcYoqQy ilan ugha vk;hA og esjs ikl vkdj

cksys] xq#nÙk eq>ls ;g djok jgs gS\ ifCyd eq>s ekjsxk! rqe tkdj le>kvks]

og rqEgkjh ckr ”k:j ekusaxsA muls dgks fd eSa bl xkus esa oqQN isQj cny dj

nwaxk] viuh rjiQ ls----A¸ nÙk ugha ekus vkSj mUgksaus dgk eq[kM+k gw&c&gw oSlk gh

gksuk pkfg,A ^nknk ls dgks varjs esa tks djuk gS dj ys* mUgksaus iQekZu tkjh

fd;kA ceZu nk osQ ikl mudh ckr ekuus osQ vykok dksbZ pkjk ugha FkkA¸1 vkxs

dh ckr rks bfrgkl gSA tkWuh okdj vius mQij fiQYek,¡ bl xhr osQ dkj.k vej

gSA vkt Hkh yksxksa dks fiQYe dh dgkuh cs'kd ;kn u gks ij viuh euksjatdrk

osQ fy, tkWuhokdj dk ;g xhr vkt Hkh ;kn fd;k tkrk gSA xq#nÙk us ;g xhr

tcjnLrh fiQYe esa j[kk rkfd n'kZdksa dk euksjatu gks losQ vkSj vxj n'kZd

euksjaftr gksrk gS rks bldk lhèkk&lhèkk iQk;nk fiQYedkj dks feyuk fuf'pr

gksrk gSA

nÙk dh gh rjg lqHkk"k ?kbZ Hkh viuh fiQYeksa osQ xhrksa dks fo'ks"k roTtks

nsrs FksA mudh igyh fiQYe dkyhpj.k ls ge muosQ laxhr izseh fetkt dks

le> ldrs gSA izgykn vxzoky fy[krs gSa µ ¶eèkqj laxhr osQ izfr mudk

vkd"kZ.k ^dkyhpj.k ls gh ns[kk tk ldrk gSA os ogk¡ Hkh vuqowQyrk u gksus

osQ ckotwn pkj&ik¡p xhrksa dh xqatkb'k fudky gh ysrs gSA ;gk¡ rd fd Øksèkh

tSlh fiQYe esa Hkh os ¶ekuks gekjk vglku fd yM+osQ us gk¡ dj nh¸ tSls xhr

pLik djus ls ugha pqdrsA¸2

mijksDr nksuksa m¼j.k ls ,d ckr Li"V gks tkrh gS fd euksjatu osQ fy,

fuekZrk ;k funsZ'kd pkgs fiQYe dh dgkuh esa xhr dh t:jr u Hkh gks rks mUgsa

1 vczkj vYoh µ xq#nÙk osQ lkFk ,d n'kd] i`ñ&84

2 izgykn vxzoky & mÙkky meax lqHkk"k ?kbZ dh fiQYe dyk] i`ñ&36

69

yxrk gS fd vxj xhr fiQYe esa jgsxk rks n'kZdksa dk vfrfjDr euksjatu gksxk rks

os xhr dks ”k:j j[krs gSaA

izgykn vxzoky dgrs gSa µ ¶dksbZ Hkh fiQYe ewy :i ls tks ns[kh tkrh

gS] mldk vkèkkjHkwr rF; euksjatu gksrk gSA flusek loZtu lecksè; gS ;kfu gj

vkneh rd bldh igq¡p gS] vxj lkfgR; ls bldh rqyuk djsa rks vkSj Hkh

vklkuh ls bls le>k tk ldrk gS] vxj lkfgR; gtkj esa ls ,d vkneh rd

igq¡prk gS rks flusek ukS lkS fuukuos vkneh rd igq¡prk gS] blls flusek dh

rkdr dk vanktk ge yxk ldrs gS] vxj flusek esa euksjatu dh vkèkkjHkwr

Hkwfedk gS rks xhrksa esa rks gksuh gh gS] xhrksa esa euksjatu dh Hkwfedk dks udkjk

ugha tk ldrk] xhr rks gksrs gh euksjatu osQ fy, gSA ^py mM+ tk js iaNh osQ

vc ;s ns'k gqvk csxkuk* dk mnkgj.k ys] ;g xhr osnuk dh l`f"V djrs gq, Hkh

euksjatu dks míhIr djrk gSA ,sls Hkh vusd xhr gSa ftUgsa lquus ij vkidks yxsxk

blesa euksjatu dk dksbZ rÙo ugha gS] ij fiQj Hkh og euksjatu djrk gS & lkfgj

dk fy[kk ,d xhr ^vkSjr us tUe fn;k enks± dks@ enks± us mls cktkj fn;k* ;g

xhr vkt Hkh thfor gS] D;ksafd ;g gekjs ân; dk vkarfjd euksjatu djrk gSA¸1

xhrksa dh loZLohdk;Zrk dk vanktk ge bl ckr ls Hkh yxk ldrs gS fd

tc&tc Hkkjrh;ksa dks euksjatu dh t:jr gksrh gS rks os mldh iw£r xhr dks

lqudj dj ysrs gS] bl ckr dk vuqeku fiQYedkjksa&fuekZrkvksa dks Hkh jgrk gS]

bl dkj.k fiQYeksa dk izpkj djus osQ fy, Hkh xhrksa dk gh lgkjk fy;k tkrk gS

µ ¶Songs are essential for a film to be commerislly viable at all, and are the

main means to market the films get it good opening".2 ;g rF; ;g ckr LFkkfir

djrk gS fd xhr fdrus egÙoiw.kZ gSa vkSj xhr fcuk euksjatu osQ rÙo dh fufeZr

gks gh ugha ldrh] D;ksafd flusek vxj O;olk; gS rks ;g O;olk; rHkh rd

vkidks equkisQ dh xkjaVh ns ldrk gS rc rd ;g yksxksa dk euksjatu djrk gS]

D;ksafd gj fiQYe varr% gksrh rks euksjatu osQ fy, gh gSA vr% ge dg ldrs gSa

1 lk{kkRdkj % izgykn vxzoky] fnukad 15 flracj] 2012


70

fd fcuk euksjatu osQ xhrksa dk fuekZ.k loZFkk vlaHko gS] vkSj xhrksa esa euksjatu

dh Hkwfedk dks udkj ikuk loZFkk vlaHko gSA

4- dgkuh dh Hkwfedk

cksyrh fiQYeksa osQ pyu ls gh xhr fiQYeksa esa ,d vko';d rÙo dh

rjg jgrs vk, gSa] Bhd mlh rjg ftl rjg ekalisf'k;k ,d 'kjhj osQ Structure

ls fyiVh jgrh gSa] xhr fiQYeksa esa rc ls ysdj vkt rd gSA ;s ckr vyx gS

fd çkjaHk esa xhr dgkuh dks foLrkj nsrs Fks vkSj fiQYe esa mudk gksuk ;k u gksuk

ek;us j[krk FkkA iadt jkx fy[krs gaS µ ¶vkjafHkd fiQYeksa esa laxhr dk pfj=k

narrative dk rks Fkk gh rFkk dgkuh dks vkxs c<+kus esa vDlj xhrksa dh lgk;rk

yh tkrh FkhA¸1 ;g ,d LFkkfir rF; gS] ckn esa vkus okyh fiQYeksa esa xhrksa dk

,d iQkewZyk py iM+k] ftlesa la;ksx dk xhr] fo;ksx dk xhr] u`R; dk xhr]

Dyc Mkal dk xhr] mins'kkRedrk ls Hkjk vkfn oqQN fuf'pr iQkewZys Fks ftu ij

xhr cuk djrs FksA ysfdu ,slk drbZ ugha fd bl iQkewZys osQ gksus ls xhrksa dh

dgkuh esa dksbZ Hkwfedk ugha jg xbZ] ,slk dguk vfrjatuk gksxk] xhr tks fiQYeksa

esa gksrs gSa muesa Lo;a dgkuh jgrh gS] dg ldrs gS fd xhr osQ iwjs izkstsD'ku esa

dgkuh pyrh gSA dksbZ Hkh xhr mnkgj.kLo:i fy;k tk ldrk gS µ ¶xqeuke gS

dksbZ cnuke gS dksbZ @ fdldks [kcj dkSu gS oks vutku gS dksbZ¸2 ^xqeuke*

fiQYe dk xhr gSA jgL; vkSj jksekap ls Hkjh bl fiQYe dh dgkuh osQ vuq:i

xhr osQ cksy gS] Lo;a xhr esa ,d dgkuh xqaFkh gqbZ fn[kkbZ iM+rh gS] xhr ,d

lekukarj nqfu;k jprs gS] tks fiQYe esa jp cl tkrh gS] dgkuh esa Nqis gq,

vo;o dks xhr cgqr dkjxj rjhosQ ls izdV djrs gS] fiQYe esa uk;d gksrk gS]

ukf;dk gksrh gS] tks ¯gnh fiQYeksa osQ lcls egÙoiw.kZ vax dgs tkrs gS] fiQYe dh

dgkuh esa ukf;dk&uk;d oqQN fo'ks"k pfj=kksa dks fuHkk jgs gksrs gS] bu pfj=kksa dh

fo'ks"krkvksa dks crkus osQ fy, fiQYe esa xhr dk lgkjk ges'kk ls fy;k tkrk gSA

1 iadt jkx µ èkquksa dh ;k=kk] i`ñ&11

2 xqeuke (1965)] funsZ'kd & jktk uokFks] laxhrdkj & 'kadj&t;fd'ku] xhrdkj &

gljr t;iqjh] xkf;dk & yrk eaxs'kdj

71

vkokjk fiQYe esa izLrqr xhr jktdiwj osQ pfj=k dh O;k[;k djrk gS µ ¶vkokjk

gw¡@ xfnZ'k esa gw¡ vkleku dk rkjk gw¡1 ;k Nfy;k dk ^Nfy;k esjk uke@ Nyuk

esjk dke@ ¯gnw eqfLye fl[k bZlkbZ lcdks esjk lyke¸2 bl dM+h esa nso vkuan

dh ge nksuksa fiQYe (1961) dk xhr µ ¶eSa ftanxh dk lkFk fuHkkrk pyk x;k@

gj fiQozQ dks èkq, esa mM+rk pyk x;k¸3 xhr fiQYe esa muosQ pfj=k dks

O;k[;kf;r rks djrk gh gS] lkFk gh bl xhr dk eq[kM+k muosQ thou dk xhr

cu x;kA blh ifjizs{; esa rktk mnkgj.k ge Fkzh bfM;V fiQYe osQ xhr dks ys

ldrs gS &¶ cgrh gok lk Fkk oks@ mM+rh irax lk Fkk oks@ dgk¡ x;k mls <wa<ks ---

gedks dy dh fiQozQ lrkrh@ oks fliQZ vkt dk tlu eukrk@ fxjrk laHkyrk

eLrh esa pyrk Fkk oks4 xhr vkfej [kku osQ iwjs pfj=k dks O;k[;kf;r gh ugha

djrk cfYd mls fiQYe esa LFkkfir Hkh djrk gSA ,sls lSadM+ksa vkSj vU; mnkgj.k

fy, tk ldrs gS tks fd xhr dh jpuk çfØ;k esa dgkuh dh Hkwfedk dks Li"V

djrs gSA blls ,d ckr Li"V gksrh gS fd dgkuh esa mu LFkyksa dh [kkst dh

tkrh gS fd tgk¡ xhr fiQV gks losQ dbZ ckj okLro esa ml LFky ij xhr dgkuh

dks etcwrh iznku djrk gSA dbZ ckj ugha] oqQN mnkgj.k ge ,slh situations osQ

Hkh ns[k ldrs gSaaA

I;klk fiQYe esa uk;d 'kk;j dh Hkwfedk esa gS vkSj ukf;dk ls mudk

feyu 'kk;jh osQ dkj.k gqvk Fkk] muosQ iqufeZyu osQ n'; ij Hkh ogh xhr

ctrk gS tks dkWyst osQ mRlo esa uk;d (xq#nÙk) xkrk gS vczkj crkrs gS µ

¶rax vk pqosQ gSa d'ked'k ftanxh ls ge* dh iafDr;k¡ xw<+rk vkSj d#.kk esa

ljkcksj gSA ;g uTe 'kk;j vius dkWyst osQ ;wfu;u mRlo esa xkrk gSA la;ksx ls

1 vkokjk (1951)] funsZ'kd & jktdiwj] laxhrdkj & 'kadj&t;fd'ku] xhrdkj &

'kSysUnz] xk;d eqds'k

2 Nfy;k (1960)] funsZ'kd & jktdiwj] laxhrdkj & dY;k.kth&vkuanth] xhrdkj &

dej tykykcknh] xk;d & eqosQ'k

3 ge nksuksa (1961)] funsZ'kd & vejthr] laxhrdkj & t;nso] xhrdkj & 'kkfgj

yqfèk;kuoh] xk;d &ekSgEen jiQh

4 Fkzh bfM;V (2009)] funsZ'kd & jktoqQekj fgjkuh] laxhrdkj & 'kkaruq eksb=kk]

xhrdkj & Lokuan fdjfdjs

72

;gh uTe os';k Hkh xquxqukrh gS tc igyh ckj og 'kk;j ls feyrh gSA eSaus vkSj

nÙk us nsj rd bl ckr ij cM+h xaHkhjrk ls fopkj foe'kZ fd;k fd oSQls I;klk

osQ dkWyst osQ nksuksa izsfe;ksa dk iqufeZyu djk;k tk,A eSaus nÙk osQ lkeus izLrko

j[krs gq, dgk] ^mudk çFke feyu 'kk;jh osQ dkj.k gqvk Fkk rks iqufeZyu Hkh

'kk;jh osQ dkj.k gksuk pkfg,] rkfd 'kk;jh dk fo"k; lw=k muosQ fj'rksa ij ges'kk

Nk;k jgsA¸1 vkSj ,slk gqvk Hkh iqufeZyu osQ ml n`'; esa lkfgj osQ xhr osQ

mi;ksx gqvkA dbZ ckj fiQYe iwjh gksus osQ ckn Hkh fiQYe dh dgkuh osQ dkj.k

xhr osQ fy, txg cp tkrh gS rks ckn esa lHkh dh lgefr ls xhr dks fiQYe esa

fy;k tkrk gS] vferkHk ,slk gh ,d okd;k crkrs gS µ ¶Mku fiQYe esa igys

^[kbds iku cukjl okyk* xkuk ugha FkkA fiQYe cu tkus osQ ckn dY;k.k HkkbZ

(laxhr dY;k.k th vkuan th) us eq>s lq>k;k fd ;gk¡ ij flpq,'ku gS tgk¡ ,d

xkus dh t:jr gSA xkuk fjdkMZ gqvk vkSj ckn esa ftl rjg ls ;g yksdfiz; gqvk

mldh dgkuh vki lcdks ekywe gSA¸2

dY;k.k th vkSj vkuan th dh tksM+h laxhr ls lth ,d fiQYe vkbZ Fkh

nqYgk&nqYgu ftlesa lkèkuk vkSj jktdiwj crkSj ukf;dk vkSj uk;d dke dj jgs

Fks] osQ xhr mldh dgkuh dk ,slk fgLlk utj vkrs gs fd vxj xhrksa dks

fudky fn;k tk, rks fiQYe vkxs c<+ gh ugha ldrh] jktho JhokLro fy[krs gS

µ ¶lkèkuk vkSj jktdiwj dh bl fiQYe dk laxhr njvly dgkuh dk ,slk

vfuok;Z vax gS ftlosQ fcuk dgkuh vkxs c<+ gh ugha ldrhA¸3

fuekZrk jktoqQekj cM+tkR;k tks viuh lqijfgV fiQYe eSaus I;kj fd;k

(1989) vkSj ge vkiosQ gS dkSu (1994) osQ fy, tkus tkrs gS xhrksa dh jpuk

çfØ;k esa dgkuh dh Hkwfedk ij ckr djrs gq, dgrs gS µ "If the story is not

damged by removing a song than that songs is not worth keeping, however good

a tune it is, however good its lyrics are so it should be woven together, and this

is only possible when the film is conceived as musical film."4

1 lR;k lju µ xq#nÙk osQ lkFk ,d n'kd] iñ&35

2 jktho JhokLro & ftanxh dk liQj] i`ñ&8 (vkeq[k ls)

3 ogh] iñ&22

4 Anna Morcom – Hindi Film songs and the cinema,

73

vFkkZr~ os xhrksa osQ dgkuh esa xqFks gksus dks izkFkfedrk nsrs gS u fd mlosQ

lqjhys gksus dks] vxj xhr dgkuh esa dksbZ Hkwfedk ugha fuHkkrk rks og dksbZ ewY;

ugha j[krkA blh rjg jktuhfr vkSj vkj{k.k tSlh fiQYe cukus okys izdk'k >k

Hkh xkus dh fiQYe osQ IykV esa Hkwfedk dks Lohdkjrs gS µ "so the song must

be a part of the main plot. (They must) contribute to the drama which is

unfolding within the narrative".1

izdk'k >k bl rjg ls xhrksa dh dgkuh osQ lkFk laxfr dh ckr djrs gSA

Bhd blh rjg dHkh&dHkh (1976) vkSj mejko tku (1981) esa laxhr nsus osQ

fy, çfl¼ [kÕ;ke gSA dgkuh dh Hkwfedk dks Lohdkj djrs gSA µ "when we

compose music for him, so we are following the scripts and characters.2 blh

dkj.k os dHkh&dHkh fiQYe* osQ izkS<+ izseh&izsfedk osQ fy, ^dHkh&dHkh esjs fny

esa [;ky vkrk gS* tSlh xaHkhj jpuk djrs gS vkSj toka I;kj dks fn[kkus osQ fy,

I;kj dj fy;k rks D;k dks ^jksd ,.M jksy* LVkbZy nsrs gSA

yrk cgqr O;kogkfjd <ax ls xhrksa dh fufeZfr osQ fo"k; esa crkrh gS µ

¶ftl fnu fjdk²Mx gks] ml fnu LVwfM;ks ls iQksu vkrk gS fd lkjk vkWosZQLVªk

rS;kj gS] E;wftd & ;kfu xhr osQ vkjaHk vkSj eè; esa vkus okys laxhr osQ VqdM+s

Hkh rS;kj gSa vkSj fjdkfMZLV us csysfUlax (èofu la;kstu) rd dj fy;k gSA rc

tkdj ge ?kj ls fudyrs gSaA ogk¡ tkrs gh] vxj fiQYe funsZ'kd ogk¡ ekStwn gqvk

rks crkrk gS fd ;g xhr fiQYe dh dgkuh esa dgk¡ xk;k tk,xk] ;k ;w¡ dfg,

fd fiQYe dh liQyrk dh vk'kk esa bls dgkuh osQ fdl fgLlas esa Hkjrh fd;k

tk jgk gS --- laxhrdkj èkqu fl[kkrk gS vkSj ge xk ysrs gSA¸3 ftl rjg xk;d

dykdkjksa dks xhr osQ ckjs esa crk;k tkrk gS mlh rjg xhrdkj tks xhr fy[krk

gS] mls Hkh crk;k tkrk gS fd ^xhr* dgkuh osQ fdl fgLls esa fijks;k tk,xk vkSj

xhrdkj ^flpq,'ku* dks è;ku esa j[k xhr fy[krk gS µ çfl¼ xhrdkj tkosn

v[rj crkrs gSa µ ¶fiQYeh xhrksa esa vkidks rtZ nh tkrh gS] flpq,'ku nh tkrh

1 Anna Morcom – Hindi Film songs and the cinema,

2 ogh] iñ&31

3 gjh'k fHkekuh µ yrk nhnh] vthc nkLrka gS] i`ñ&241

74

gS vkSj vDlj ;s flpq,'ku cgqr gh tkuh igpkuh gksrh gSA vkius bl flpq,'ku

osQ lSdM+ksa xkus lqu j[ks gksrs gSa vkSj cgqr eqefdu gS fd vki [kqn Hkh mlh

flpq,'ku osQ fy, nks ntZu xkus fy[k pqosQ gksA elyu yM+dk vkSj yM+dh nksuksa

bl ckr dk bdjkj djrs gS fd oks ,d&nwljs ls ekSgCcr djrs gSA¸1

tkosn v[rj dh ckr ls ;g ckr iwjh rjg LFkkfir gks tkrh gS fd fiQYeh

xhr dgkuh osQ vkèkkj ij gh x<s+ tkrs gS] ^flpq,'ku* dk cM+k egÙo gksrk gS

fiQYeh xhrksa osQ x<+us esa pkgs xhr vius izkjafHkd nkSj dh rjg dgkuh dks vkxs u

c<+krs gks] ij vkt Hkh xhr dgkuh osQ lkFk ,d lekukarj nqfu;k ”k:j jprs gSA

5- iSaQVslh dh Hkwfedk

ftruh Hkh fiQYesa curh gS vius vki esa oks iSaQVslh gh gksrh gSA ¯gnh

fiQYeksa dh izkFkfedrk n'kZdksas dks ;FkkFkZ dh iFkjhyh nqfu;k ls fudky dj rhu

?kaVs osQ fy, ,d ,sls yksd esa ys tkus dh gksrh gS tgk¡ os vius reke nq[k&nnZ

Hkwy tk,¡A vxj euksjatu dk rÙo fiQYeksa ls fudky fy;k tk, rks fiQYeksa dk

viuh ykxr fudkyuk Hkh eqefdu ugha] iSaQVslh njvly euksjatu dk gh ,d

rÙo gSA iSaQVslh osQ }kjk fiQYeksa esa ,slh n';kofy;ksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk gS tks

fd ;FkkFkZ esa vlaHko gksA vfèkdrj iSaQVslh ij vkèkkfjr xhrksa esa ,slh Lo£.kd

nqfu;k osQ n'kZu djk, tkrs gS tks loZFkk vlaHko gksrh gSA

^çse* ,d ,slh vuqHkwfr gS tks fiQYeksa esa osaQæh; fo"k; osQ :i esa mifLFkr

gSA uk;d&ukf;dk esa çse gksuk ,d vfuok;Zrk gS dgkuh rHkh vkxs c<+rh gSA nksuksa

osQ bdjkj osQ iwoZ funsZ'kd dHkh&dHkh iSaQVslh xhr osQ }kjk gh n'kZdksa dks bl ckr

ls voxr djk nsrk gS fd nksuksa dk çse vc ijoku p<+us dks gSA dj.k tkSgj

}kjk funsZf'kr çFke fiQYe oqQN oqQN gksrk (1998) f=kdks.k çse ij vkèkkfjr gS]

bldk ^rqe ikl vk, ;w¡ eqLoqQjk,* @ rqeus u tkus D;k lius ltk,@ vc

1 uljhu eqUuh dchj] (vuqokn vlxj otkgr) µ tkosn v[rj ls ckrphr % flusek

osQ ckjs esas] i`ñ&129

75

rks esjk fny tkxs u lksrk gS@ D;k d:¡ gk, oqQN&oqQN gksrk gS1 rhuksa ik=k

jkt ('kkg#[k)] Vhuk (jkuh eq[kthZ) vkSj vatfy (dktksy) viuh&viuh iSaQVslh

esa vius çse dks Lohdkj dj jgs gSA blh rjg ys[kd funsZ'kd iQjgku v[rj

dh çFke fiQYe fny pkgrk gS (2001) ^ftls <wa<rk gw¡ esa @xyh&xyh*2 os xhr

blh çdkj dk flDosa'k gS tgk¡ uk;d lehj (lSiQ vyh [kk¡) viuh nksLr iwtk

(lksukyh oqQyd.khZ) osQ lkFk fFk,Vj ns[kus igq¡prk gS] tgk¡ os LVst ij xhr xk

jgs ik=kksa osQ lkFk lkèkkj.khdj.k dj ysrs gSA* iSaQVslh osQ bl çdkj osQ LFky

vla[; fiQYeksa esa iz;ksx fd, tkrs gS tgk¡ dHkh uk;d] dHkh ukf;dk] dHkh

ukf;dk rFkk uk;d nksuksa gh isaQVslh esa igq¡p tkrs gS vkSj LVst] fiQYe ;k vU;

ik=kksa dh txg ysdj [kqn dks LFkkfir dj ysrs gSaA ,slk djus dk dkj.k Li"V gS

fd fiQYe esa ,slh flpq,'ku dk u gksuk tgk¡ uk;d ;k ukf;dk fiQYeh ;FkkFkZ esa

iQyka xhr dks th ugha ldrs rks xhrksa esa iSaQVslh osQ lgkjs bl rjg dh fLFkfr;ksa

dk fp=kkadu vklku gks tkrk gSA

orZeku esa xhr lquus osQ ctk, ns[kus dh pht ”;knk gks x, gSa] xhrksa esa

iSaQVslh osQ gksus ls fuekZrk dks xhr HkO; cukus esa vklkuh gksrh gS] bl dkj.k

fiQYe dh dher vkSj HkO;rk dks rks c<+k;k gh tkrk gS] fiQYe osQ izpkj osQ fy,

Hkh bl rjg osQ xhrksa dh cM+h egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA fiQYe okys bls

^ohfM;ks osY;w* Hkh dgrs gSA ;'kjkt fiQYe osQ forjd lgnso ?kbZ osQ vuqlkj &

¶However, although these aspects of spectacle contribute to narrative meaning

and effect, they are also used give songs a 'VIDEO VALUE' akin to their audio

value and abelity to be visualise something in themselves".3

1 oqQN&oqQN gksrk gS (1998)] funsZ'kd & dj.k tkSgj] laxhrdkj & tfru&yfyr]

xhrdkj & lehj] xk;d&xkf;dk & dfork Ñ".kkewfrZ vydk ;kKfud] mfnr

ukjk;.k

2 fny pkgrk gS (2001)] funsZ'kd & iQjgku v[rj] laxhrdkj & 'kadj&vlgku

yk;] xhrdkj & tkosn v[rj] xk;d&xkf;dk & 'kku] dfork Ñ".kkewfrZ


76

blls Li"V gks tkrk gS fd vxj iSaQVslh dk iz;ksx xhrksa esa lkekftd

otZukvksa osQ dkj.k fd;k tkrk gS rks dgha O;kolkf;d dkj.kksa osQ dkj.k viuh

fiQYe dh ohfM;ks oSY;w dks c<+kuk Hkh ,d cM+k dkj.k gS D;ksafd fiQYe osQ

fuekZ.k esa vk£Fkd iQk;nk ,d egÙoiw.kZ dkjd gSA fuekZrk&funsZ'kd n'kZdksa osQ

nksgu osQ fy, bl rjg dh n';kofy;ksa dk ltu djrs gS tks n'kZdksa dks peRÑr

dj nsA vkfnR; pkSiM+k dh 2008 esa vk;h jc us cuk nh tksM+h fiQYe dk ge

gS jkgh I;kj osQ fiQj feyasxs pyrs&pyrs1 osQ ,d xhr esa uk;d ('kkg#[k)

cgqr lhèks&lkns ik=k dh Hkwfedk esa gS] ukf;dk osQ lkFk fiQYe fFk;sVj esa gS tgk¡

ukf;dk iSaQVslh esa 'kkg#[k dks vius&vius tekus osQ e'kgwj jktdiwj] nsokuan]

'kEeh diwj] jkts'k [kUuk] ½f"k diwj osQ ^xsVvi* esa ukprs&xkrs ns[krh gS] bl

xhr esa bl tekus dh dktksy] fcik'kk] ykjk nÙkk] izhfr ftUVk] jkuh eq[kthZ

Øe'k% muosQ lkFk fn[kkbZ tkrh gSA tkfgj gS ;g xhr fiQYe dh ^ohfM;ks osY;w*

dks c<+krk gS vkSj lhèks&lkns uk;d osQ fy, Hkh ,d HkO; lsV ij u`R; xhr

fiQYekadu osQ fy, flpq,'ku iSnk djrk gSA

¶blh rjg dk iSaQVslh xhr jktdiwj }kjk funsZf'kr fiQYe lR;e f'koe

lqanje (1978) esa Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gS ftlesa nq?kZVuk ls [kjkc gq, psgjs okyh

ukf;dk :ik (thur veku)] iSaQVslh esa uk;d 'kf'k diwj osQ lkFk cgqr gh

mÙkstd vkSj Ük`axkjh xhr Hkwfedk esa gSA¸2 okLrfodrk esa :ik ls uk;d uiQjr

djrk gS] ;gk¡ iSaQVslh esa gh bl çdkj osQ xhr dh flpq,'ku cu ldrh FkhA vr%

ge ns[krs gS fd xhrksa dh jpuk çfØ;k esa iSaQVslh lhèks&lhèks dkjd osQ :i esa rks

izdV ugha gksrh gSA funsZ'kd bldk iz;ksx dHkh lkekftd nokcksa osQ dkj.k djrk

gS] dgha xhr dh ohfM;ks osY;w c<+kus osQ fy, djrk gS] dgha dgkuh esa viuh

t:jr osQ dkj.k iSaQVSlh dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA

1 jc us cuk nh tksM+h (2008)] funsZ'kd &vkfnR;k pkSiM+k] laxhrdkj & lyhe

lqyseku] xhrdkj & t;nhi lkguh] xk;d & lkSuw fuxe

2 lR;e f'koe lqUnje (1978) & funsZ'kd & jktdiwj] laxhrdkj & y{ehdkar

I;kjsyky] xhrdkj & vkuan cD'kh] xk;d & eqosQ'k

77

6- xhr dh vofèk

¯gnh fiQYeksa esa xhrksa dks ysdj jkspd rF;ksa dh Hkjekj gSA 'kq#vkrh dbZ

fiQYeksa esa 10 ls ysdj 70&70 xhr rd jgs gSaA vofèk dh vxj ckr dh tk, rks

fiQYeh xhrksa dh vkSlr vofèk 3 ls 4 feuV gksrh gSA Xyselse MkV dke osQ

vuqlkj µ "average length of a song in hindi cinema otherwise has a length of 3-

4 minute".1 xkuksa dh vkSlr vofèk rhu ls pkj feuV dh gksus osQ dkj.kksa ij

è;ku ns rks] xhrksa osQ tkudkj bldk ,d dkj.k izkjafHkd le; osQ L.P. fjdkMZl

dks crkrs gSA L.P. fjdkMZl ftu ij fiQYeksa osQ xhr tkjh fd, tkrs Fks ,d rjiQ

rhu ls pkj feuV osQ gksrs FksA MkWñ eqosQ'k xxZ osQ vuqlkj µ ¶izkjafHkd fiQYeksa osQ

xhr ftu fjdkMZl ij vkrs Fks oks nksuksa rjiQ ek=k 3&4 feuV osQ gksrs Fks] ;g Hkh

cM+k dkj.k Fkk fd fiQYeh xhr vkSlru rhu ls pkj feuV osQ gksrs FksA¸2

MkWñ eqosQ'k xxZ us vkxs blosQ fodkl dh Hkh ppkZ dh vkSj crk;k fd

vofèk dk cM+k egÙo gS xhrksa osQ fy,A xhrksa dh vofèk osQ fo"k; esa [kkst osQ

nkSjku eSaus ;g Hkh irk yxkus dh dksf'k'k dh D;k blls lacafèkr dksbZ [kkst gqbZ

gSaA [kkst osQ nkSjku fons'k dh ,d Study dk irk pyk ftlosQ ckjs esa fMthVy

E;wftd U;wt MkV dke ij LraHk ys[kd iky us xhrksa dh vofèk ij gqbZ bl

LVMh osQ ckjs esa cgqr lkj iw.kZ <ax ls Li"V fd;k gS] LVMh crkrh gS fd xhrksa

dh vkSlr vofèk pkj feuV dh gS & ;g LVMh fons'kh xhrksa ij gS& iky osQ

vuqlkj "An intrusting study was conducted last year. The average length of a

song across several collections scanned thousands of songs across several

collections and determined that the average length was almost exactly 4 minutes

– without mutch variation"3

bl rjg ge ns[krs gs fd Hkkjr vkSj vesfjdk ;k ;wjksi esa xhrksa dh vofèk

yxHkx ,d lh gSA bl rF; dks ysdj esjk ekuuk ;g gS fd laxhr lkjh nqfu;k

1 glamsham.com/movies/features/09/may/19 – Prakash Mehra -

contribution to hindi film songs 050916.95 2 lk{kkRdkj % MkWñ eqosQ'k xxZ] fnukad 3 iQjojh] 2013

3 www.digitalmusicnews.com/stories/08121/length dated 29/9/12

78

esa yksxksa dks ,d gh rjg izHkkfor djrk gS vxj ,slk ugha gksrk rks cgqr lkjh

ckrksa esa fHkUurk gksus osQ ckotwn gekjs xhrksa dk vkSlr vofèk fons'kksa esa xhrksa osQ

vkSlr vofèk osQ cjkcj ugha gksrhA blh LVMh esa xhrksa dh vofèk esa jsfM;ks dh

Hkwfedk dks Hkh egÙoiw.kZ ekuk x;k gS] ftls ge Hkkjrh; lanHkksZa esa Hkh ykxw dj

ldrs gS LVMh osQ vuqlkj µ "If you want a radio frinedly hit, you need to play

by certain rules, including length restrictions"1 ;g LVMh bu lHkh ckrksa ij

lcls ”;knk egÙo O;fDr osQ LoHkko dks nsrh gS tks eq[; :i ls ”;knk jl

vkSlru 4 feuV dh vofèk osQ xhr esa ysrk gS & LVMh osQ vuqlkj & "But what

the utlimate sound processing technology, our brains? may be all these theories

about LPs, digital formats, and radio restrictions are just secondary to our human

nature. Simply stated, the average listner may be wired to four-minute tracks,

regredless of the sorrounding technolgy or format."2

bl rF; osQ vkèkkj ij dgk tk ldrk gS fd Hkkjrh; ekufldrk Hkh rhu

ls pkj feuV osQ xhrksa esa tks vkuan dh vuqHkwfr djrh gS og ”;knk vofèk okys

xhrksa esa ugha ikrh] cfYd ”;knk vofèk okys xhr jl Hkax osQ nks"kh gksus osQ ”;knk

dkjd gks ldrs gS] bl dkj.k T;knkrj Hkkjrh; fiQYedkj rhu ls pkj feuV dh

vofèk osQ xhrksa dk fuekZ.k djrs jgs gSaA blesa muosQ ,sfrgkfld laLdkjksa dh Hkh

Hkwfedk gks ldrh gS tks fjdkfM±x fMLdks osQ le; dh lhek osQ dkj.k Fkh] ijarq

,slk fcYoqQy Hkh ugha gS fd yach vofèk osQ xhr Hkkjrh; fiQYeksa esa ugha gSA

Hkkjrh; fiQYeksa esa vDlj yach vofèk osQ xhrksa dk fuekZ.k gksrk jgk gSA izdk'k

esgjk dh fiQYeksa dk uke yach vofèk osQ xhrksa osQ fy, fy;k tkrk jgk gS

glmsham.com osQ vuqlkj "Right from the time when he directed "yari hai

Iman" in 'Zanjeer' to 'Namak Halal' there hardly was a song that did not have a

detailed picturation from 'Zenjeer', in 'Muqadar Ka Sikendar', again, the Salame

Ishq song was quite long song and it still is one of the superhit song. It happened

in lawaris as well as, where the song 'apni to Jaise Taise' was again one of the

1 www.digitalmusicnews.com/stories/08121/length dated 29/9/12

2 Ibid

79

longer song in the histroy of the Hindi film songs. "Mere anngne main tumhara

kya kam hai" which again was a longish song".1

izdk'k esgjk dh rjg fuekZrk&funsZ'kd ts- ih- nÙkk dh fiQYeksa osQ xhr Hkh

vkSlr ls ”;knk vofèk osQ ik, tkrs] mudh fiQYeksa osQ yacs xhrksa esa ,d lkE;

;g Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd ;s lHkh xhr vUuw efyd }kjk laxhrc¼ fd, x,

gS] fjÝ;wth (2000) osQ lHkh xhr Ng feuV ls ”;knk osQ gSA

wikipedia.org/wiki/refugee (film) osQ vuqlkj & ¶,slk yxrk gS ftls lksuw

fuxe ,oa vydk ;kKfud us xk;k gS 7-28 lS- dk gS] ^ftls rw u feyk*

lq[kfoUnj ,oa 'kadj egknsou }kjk xk;k xhr 10 feuV 58 lS-] ^esjs ge liQj*

nqckjk vydk ,oa lksuw 7 feuV 50 lS- dk gSA ^iaNh ufn;k iou* lksuw fuxe ,oa

vydk ;kKfud] vfHk"ksd] djhuk dh vkoktksa esa gS 9 feuV 46 lS-] ^jkr dh

gFksyh ij* mfnr] vfHk"ksd djhuk }kjk xk;k 6 feuV 58 lS- vkSj lksuw fuxe vkSj

vydk }kjk xk;k ^rky iS tc* 7 feuV 13 lS- dk gSA fiQYe esa laxhr vuq

efyd dk Fkk vkSj xhrdkj Fks tkosn v[rjA2 fuekZrk funsZ'kd ts-ih- nÙkk dh

fiQYe ,y-vks-lh- (dkjfxy) tks 2003 esa vkbZ Fkh] ftlosQ laxhrdkj vUuw

efyd gh Fks] osQ xhr ¶eSa dgha Hkh jgwa gj dne gj ?kM+h@ esjs fny esa clh rsjh

;kn gS ¸3 ¸ ftls tkosn v[rj us fy[kk Fkk] 15 feuV ls ”;knk vofèk dk gSA

tks fd vius vki esa jkspd yxrk gSA

2004 esa vkbZ vc rqEgkjs gokys oru lkfFk;ksa ftls çfl¼ vfHkusrk

v{k; oqQekj us fufeZr fd;k vkSj vfuy 'kekZ us funsZf'kr fd;k FkkA bl fiQYe

osQ VkbVy xhr tks fd fiQYe esa rhu ckj çn£'kr fd;k tkrk gS yxHkx 20

feuV dk gS ¶The song at thumahare hawale Watan Saathiyon in the film by the

same name is the longest Hindi film songs and the song is featured in three

1 glamsham.com/movies/features/09/may/19 – Prakash Mehra-

contribution to hindi film songs 050916.95 dated 29.9.2012 2 wikipedia.org/wiki/refugee (film)

3 ,y-vks-lh- (dkjfxy) 2003] fuekZrk funsZ'kd & ts-ih-nÙkk] laxhrdkj & vUuw

efyd] xhrdkj &tkosn v[rj]

80

installments in the film"1 blosQ vfrfjDr ½pk 'kekZ }kjk xk;k ckcqy (2006)

fiQYe dk fonkbZ xhr tks fd vkns'k JhokLro }kjk laxhrc¼ Fkk] 15 feuV ls

”;knk dk gS&¸2 ;g Hkh n'kkZrk gS fd dHkh laxhrdkj ;k fiQYe fuekZrk dh

O;fDrxr bPNk Hkh xhr dh vofèk dks ?kVk ;k c<+k ldrh gS vfirq ge dg

ldrs gS fd xhrksa dh vkSlr vofèk rhu ls pkj feuV dh gh gksrh gSA xhr dh

vofèk dks ?kVkus ;k c<+kus okyk rÙo tks le> esa vkrk gS oks ;g gS fd funsZ'kd

izLrqr xhr esa tks dguk pkgrk gS tks lans'k gS og convey gqvk ;k ugha] vxj

lans'k NksVh vofèk esa izsf"kr gks x;k rks vofèk NksVh j[kh tk ldrh gS] dbZ ckj

xhr bruk vPNk fy[kk gksrk gS funsZ'kd mls iwjs dk iwjk 'kkfey dj ysrk gSA

varr% vofèk funsZ'kd dh bPNk ij fuHkZj djrh gSA funsZ'k dks vxj yxrk gS

rhu&pkj feuV dk xhr i;kZIr gS rks xhr rhu&pkj feuV dk j[kk tkrk gS vkSj

vxj og ”;knk vofèk osQ xhr ls larq"V gksrk gS rks og ”;knk vofèk dk xhr

fiQYe esa j[krk gSA

7- laxhr dh Hkwfedk

fiQYeh xhrksa dh jpuk esa laxhr dh Hkwfedk dh ckr djs] rks ;g lHkh

ekurs gS fd cksyrh fiQYeksa osQ vkjaHk ls gh ;g lacaèk ^pksyh vkSj nkeu* dk jgk

gSA ^laxhr* dk egÙo bl ckr ls Hkh js[kkafdr fd;k tk ldrk gS tc fiQYesa

cksyrh ugha Fkh] laxhr rc Hkh fiQYeksa ls tqM+k Fkk] varj bruk Fkk ml le; tc

fFk,Vj esa ewd ^fiQYe* iznf'kZr gks jgh gksrh Fkh rks LØhu osQ ikl gh lkftans

cSBdj HkkokuqowQy laxhr ctk;k djrs Fks µ ¶fiQYe laxhr dk vkjaHk gesa cksyrh

fiQYeksa ls ekuuk pkfg,A ewd fiQYeksa osQ nkSj esa rks cM+s 'kgjksa esa LØhu osQ ikl

,d vkWoZsQLVªk jgk djrk Fkk tks insZ ij py jgh dgkuh osQ cnyrs Hkkoksa osQ

vuqowQy laxhr ctk;k djrs FksA¸3 'kq#vkrh nkSj esa lhèks&lkns xhr gh ctk djrs

1 www.the colour of india.com/intrusting.fact/cinema/longest-hindi-film-

song-html. 2 ckcqy (2006) funsZ'kd & jfo pksiM+k] laxhrdkj & vkns'k JhokLro] xhrdkj &

lehj] xkf;dk & ½pk 'kekZ


81

FksA vfHkusrk&vfHkusf=k;k¡ vius xhr [kqn xkrs FksA ¶¯gnh fiQYeksa esa ik'oZ xk;u dh

'kq#vkr vkj-lh- cksjky osQ laxhr funsZ'ku esa çkjaHk gqbZA1 laxhr esa vDlj

jkx&jkxfu;ksa dk 'kq¼ :i feyrk gS] jkxksa dks rksM+us&ejksM+us dh ço`fÙk de gh

Fkh] bl dkj.k esyksMh de gh ns[kus esa feyrh Fkh µ ¶vkjafHkd laxhrdkjksa osQ

laxhr esa vDlj jkx&jkxfu;ksa dk 'kq¼ :i feyrk gSA jkxksa dks rksM+us ejksM+us dh

ço`fÙk de Fkh 'kk;n blfy, pkSFks vkSj ikaposa n'kd osQ vkjafHkd o"kks± osQ fiQYe

laxhr esa feBkl vkSj dkseyrk osQ fy, jkxksa esa NsM+NkM+ u djus osQ dkj.k

esyksMh dk og vkd"kZd :i de feyrk gS tks vxys n'kdkasa esa vk;kA¸2 vxj

ge 'kSyh dh ckr djsa rks izkjafHkd nkSj osQ xhr ikjlh fFk,Vj ls cgqr izHkkfor

Fks] dkj.k T;knkrj fiQYedehZ ikjlh fFk,Vj dh i"BHkwfe ls vkrs FksA ekLVj

ekSgEen tks okfM;k ewohVksu dh fiQYeksa esa laxhr fn;k djrs Fks us ¶ikjlh fFk,Vj

osQ jax ls ljkcksj okfM;k dh çFke iaQrklh ^yky&,&peu* (1933) esa laxhr

fn;kA¸3 ikjlh 'kSyh osQ laxhr osQ lkFk yksd laxhr 'kSyh Hkh izkjafHkd nkSj esa

laxhrdkj iz;ksx djrs FksA feuokZ ewohVksu osQ ehj lkgc us µ ¶èkks, egkscs ?kkV

gks gks èkksfc;k js dh yksd'kSyh Hkh [kwc gh pyh FkhA¸4 tgk¡ rd 'kSyh dh ckr

gS rks ;g ckr Hkh Kkr gS fd ftrus vyx&vyx laxhrdkj vk, mudh 'kSfy;k¡

nwljs laxhrdkjksa ls vyx jgh] gj laxhrdkj xhr ij viuh laxhr dh vyx Nki

NksM+rk FkkA bldk dkj.k ;g Fkk fd fofHkUu laxhrdkj ns'k osQ vyx&vyx

fgLlksa ls vkrs Fks vkSj ftl {ks=k ls oks vkrs Fks mudh fiQYeksa esa {ks=k fo'ks"k dh

feêðh dh egd ”k:j feyrh Fkh_ gkykafd lcdh viuh viuh 'kSfy;k¡ Fkh fiQj

Hkh ;s ,d nwljs Interaction dk Hkh le; FkkA 1930 rd osQ xkuksa dh ckr djsa

rks ml le; rd 'kkL=kh; jkxksa ls gVdj xhr cukus osQ ckjs esa lkspk Hkh ugha

tkrk FkkA jkxksa dks rksM+uk ejksM+uk] if'peh ok| ;a=kksa dk bLrseky ugha gksrk Fkk]

ysfdu vfuy fo'okl us bl ijaijk dks rksM+k] iadt jkx fy[krs gSa & ¶vfuy

fo'okl dk laxhr blfy, Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd mUgksaus ml le; rd izpfyr 1 iadt jkx µ èkquksa dh ;k=kk] i`ñ&41

2 ogh] iñ&12

3 ogh] iñ&19

4 ogh] iñ&25

82

'kkL=kh; jkx vkèkkfjr jpukvksa ls gVdj laxhr esa yksdfiz;rk osQ rÙoksa dk

lekos'k fd;kA ;gk¡ bl le; dh laxhr jpukvksa esa ,d uhjlrk vkSj <jsZ ij caèks

jgus dh ijaijk Fkh] ogha ^fo'okl* us fiQYe laxhr dks jl fn;kA mUgksaus èkquksa dks

eksgd cuk;k] vkWjosQLVªk dk foLrkj fd;k vkSj yksd laxhr ls ysdj jaxeaph;

laxhr] gj foèkk osQ yksdfiz; vo;oksa dk vius laxhr esa lqanj lfEeJ.k fd;kA

vfuy fo'okl us u osQoy igyh ckj 12 lnL;h; vkjosQLVªk dk iz;ksx fd;k

cfYd os igys laxhrdkj Fks] ftUgksaus esykSMh osQ lkFk dkamVj esyksMh dks Hkh xhrksa

esa bLrseky fd;kA¸1 vkSj ¯gnh fiQYeksa esa cM+h [kwclwjrh osQ lkFk feyk;k µ

¶¯gnh fiQYeksa esa vkèkqfudrk vkSj ik'pkR; izHkko osQ esyksMh osQ lkFk leUo;u

dk lw=kikr gesa iadt efyd osQ gh laxhr esa feyrk gSA¸2 bUgha iadt efyd osQ

laxhr funsZ'ku esa lcls mYys[kuh; fiQYe eqfDr 1937 tks ckaXyk esa Hkh cuh Fkh

ftlessa xhr johUnzukFk BkoqqQj dh jpukvksa ls ls fy, x, Fks iadt jkx fy[krs gSa

µ ¶;g igyk ekSdk Fkk tc xq# johUnzukFk us viuh jpuk dh èkqu fdlh vkSj

laxhrdkj dks cukus dh LohÑfr nh FkhA¸3vfuy fo'okl osQ lkFk gh pkSFks ikapos

n'kd esa ^jiQhd xtuoh* osQ cuk, xhr cgqr yksdfiz; gq,] iadt jkx fy[krs gS

µ ¶jiQhd xtuoh dh daiksth'ku esa dksBks dh egfiQyksa osQ laxhr dk jax lkiQ

>ydrk gSA pw¡fd jiQhd ,d mEnk 'kkL=kh; laxhr osQ Kkrk Fks] blfy, bl jax

dks og ,d vfHktkR; iznku dj lLrk gksus ls cpk ys tkrs FksA nwljs 'kCnksa esa

jiQhd xtuoh dk laxhr ml tekus osQ rFkkdfFkr cM+s ?kjksa vkSj ?kjkuksa dh 'kgkuk

rjhdksa osQ lkFk iQcrk foykflrk dk laxhr FkkA tokuh nhokuh (1934) osQ

e'kgwj xhr flre gh djuk tiQk gh djuk fuxkgs myiQr dHkh u djuk

(tksgjk) rFkk gqLu us lh[kh xjhc vktkfj;k¡ (jiQhd) vkSj fny cgykmQ

dgk¡ rd dh cgyrk ugha (jiQhd) tSls xhrksa esa blh [kkl oxZ osQ vius çse

eqgCcr osQ fxys f'kdoksa dh vfHkO;fDr dh gSA¸4 jiQhd xtuoh vxj ykgkSj ls

Fks rks ^xqyke gSnj* gSnjkckn ^flaèk* ls FksA yrk dh dkfcfy;r ij lcls igys 1 iadt jkx µ èkquksa dh ;k=kk] i`ñ&73

2 ogh] iñ&47

3 ogh] iñ&48

4 ogh] iñ&62

83

fo'okl djus okyksa esa xqyke gSnj FksA ^xqyke gSnj dk fjn~e ewyr% iatkc dh

èkjrh ls mBrh vyeLrh dk fjn~e FkkA etcwj 1948 osQ xhr ^fny esjk rksM+k

dgha dk u NksM+k* ftlus yrk dks jkrksa&jkr flrkjk cuk fn;k ij] iadt jkx

fy[krs gS µ fny esjk rksM+k dks è;ku ls lqfu, vkSj xqyke gSnj dh laxhr&'kSyh

dh fo'ks"krk,¡ Lo;a ifjHkkf"kr gks tk,xhA NksVs&NksVs eSyksMh osQ VqdM+s tks

,d&nwljs ls tqM+dj esyksMh osQ laiw.kZ okD; dh jpuk djrs Fks] vkSj bu lcosQ

vkèkkj Lo:i cukbZ xbZ fjn~e dh vuwBh 'kSyhA fjn~e xqyke gSnj dh o`fÙk;ksa dk

,d vkèkkj LraHk Fkk] vkSj tonalities fjn~e] ehVj] vkSj esyksMh osQ uksV~l osQ tksM+

ij laxhr dh ,d ubZ 'kSyh ,d u;k vankt mUgksaus fodflr fd;kA¸1 xqyke gSnj

dh lcls liQy fiQYe [ktkaph dks ekuk tk ldrk gS] ftldh liQyrk osQ ckn

[ktkaph uke ls izfrHkk [kkst Hkh gqbZ mlesa ml le; dh ckfydk yrk eaxs'kdj

us fgLlk fy;k vkSj fot;h Hkh jghA bl fiQYe esa fcYoqQy u, <ax dk fjn~e

vk;k µ ¶;g xqyke gSnj dk iatkch fjn~e Fkk tks <ksyd osQ vn~Hkqr iz;ksx osQ

lkFk tuekul osQ fnyks&fnekx ij tknw dj x;kA¸2 iatkch 'kSyh esa xhr cukus

okyksa esa ,d vkSj egÙoiw.kZ uke ^gqLuyky&Hkxrjke* dk fy;k tk ldrk gS] ;g

¯gnh ^fiQYe laxhr* dh igyh laxhrdkj tksM+h FkhA ¶iatkch 'kSyh dk laxhr

gqLuyky&Hkxrjke dh [kkfl;r Hkh cu x;k vkSj ckn esa pydj oqQN gn rd

;g mudh etcwjh HkhA¸3 dgk rks ;g Hkh tkrk gS fd ukS'kkn vkSj vfuy fo'okl

ls c<+dj ^gqLuyky&Hkxrjke* us yrk dh xkf;dh dks fu[kkjk] ¶njvly yrk

dk lkFk gqLuyky&Hkxrjke vkSj yrk nksuksa osQ fy, ojnku lkfcr gqvkA¸4 cM+h

cgu (1949) fiQYe esa ,d bfrgkl gS µ ¶cM+h cgu* (1949) esa gqLuyky

Hkxr jke vkSj yrk us lkFk feydj laxhr dk bfrgkl jp MkykA vius tekus osQ

lqij fgV xhr ^pqi&pqi [kM+s gks ”k:j dksbZ ckr gS (yrk@ izseyrk) osQ epyrs

chV~l gks] HkSjoh dh Nk;k fy, iatkch 'kSyh ls jaxs ^pys tkuk ugha uSu feyk osQ

(yrk) dk vkxzg gks] ^tks fny esa [kq'kh cu dj vk, (yrk) dh 'kq¼ esyksMh 1 iadt jkx µ èkquksa dh ;k=kk] i`ñ&105

2 ogh] iñ&106

3 ogh] iñ&211

4 ogh] iñ&212

84

gks] yrk osQ bu xhrksa osQ dkj.k gh Mh-Mh- d';i dh funsZf'kr cM+h cgu dk

uke gesa vkt rd ;kn gSA¸1

ipkl osQ gh n'kd dk ,d cM+k uke ukS'kkn dk Fkk tks yxkrkj chl o"kks±

rd ^lqjhys xhrksa dh jpuk djrs jgs] muosQ ckjs esa dgk tkrk gS µ ¶ukS'kkn osQ

laxhr dh [kkfl;r Fkh yksdjax vkSj yksd vfHk#fp dks è;ku esa j[krs gq,

'kkL=kh; vkèkkj osQ xhrksa dks bl rjg izLrqfr fd os nqjg vkSj uhjl u yxdj

lqxe vkSj xquxqukus okys cus2 jru mudh igyh cM+h liQy fiQYe dgh tk

ldrh gS µ ¶jru fiQYe osQ laxhr esa ukS'kkn us dbZ ubZ ckr iSnk dh &

flrkj vkSj ck¡lqjh dk feyk&tqyk iz;ksx igyh ckj bl fiQYe esa gqvk tks

vkt rd py jgk gSA <ksyd dk Hkh bLrseky bl fiQYe esa jkspd rjhds

ls gqvkA êSyk* (1948) osQ xhr µ ¶xk, tk xhr feyu osQ rw viuh yxu osQ

ltu ?kj tkuk gS3 cStw ckojk (1952) osQ xhr vkt Hkh ;kn fd, tkrs gS µ

¶ihyw vkSj nsl osQ yksdjaftr lqjksa osQ lkFk ^>wys esa iou osQ* (jiQh] yrk) rFkk

nwj dksbZ xk, (yrk] 'ke'kkn lkFkh) rFkk HkSjoh osQ iwjch :ikarj osQ lkFk ^rw xaxk

dh ekSt eSa tequk dk èkkjk (yrk] jiQh) tSls xhr ml le; dksus&dksus esa xwats

FksA¸4 blosQ vykok 1957 esa vkbZ enj bf.M;k osQ ûxjh&uxjh }kjs&}kjs vkSj

^gksyh vkbZ js dUgkbZ*] êqxys vkte & Î;kj fd;k rks Mjuk D;k* esjs egcwc

(1963) dk êsjs egcwc rq>s esjh ekSgCcr dh dle*5 vkfn vla[; xhr ;kn

fd, tk ldrs gS tks ukS'kkn }kjk laxhrc¼ fd, x,A

^xqyke gSnj* foHkktu osQ ckn ikfdLrku pys x, Fks] crk;k tkrk gS fd

ukS'kkn osQ lkFk lh- jkepanz ,sls Fks ftUgsa bldk iQk;nk feyk µ gkykafd ,slk

yxrk ugha lh-jkepanz ,d izfrHkkoku laxhrdkj Fks] tks muosQ }kjk cuk, xhrksa dh


2 ogh] iñ&131

3 eSyk (1948)] funsZ'kd & ,y-;w- lUuh] laxhrdkj & ukS'kkn] xhrdkj & 'kdhy

cMk;quh] xk;d&xkf;dk & eqosQ'k] 'ke'kkn


5 ogh] iñ&142

85

isQgfjLr ns[kdj gh le>k tk ldrk gS] ftruh fofoèkrk lh- jkepanz osQ laxhr

esa feyrh gS mruh cgqr de laxhrdkjksa esa feyrh gS] ljxe (1950) dk xkuk

êkSles cgkj ;kj] fny gS xqytkj ;kj* vjch 'kSyh dk uk;kc uewuk gS ---] ysfVu

vesfjdh vkSj osQjsfc;u chV~l dh >yd gesa [ktkuk (1951) osQ ^ckcM+h cwcMh

ce* (yrk] fprydj lkFkh esa feyrh gS) --- blh fiQYe osQ êksEcklk* esa

vizQhdu chV~l vkSj fjn~e ysdj vk, ---tks ¯gnh fiQYeksa esa bl rjg dk igyk

iz;ksx FkkA

lfpu nso ceZu ,sls laxhrdkj Fks ftUgksaus yksd'kSyh vkSj ik'pkR; 'kSyh

nksuksa esa gh ,d ls c<+dj ,d dkyt;h xhrksa dh jpuk dh] iadt jkx fy[krs gS

µ ¶nknk dks fjn~e dh tcnZLr idM+ FkhA viuh jpukvksa esa dkSaxksa ;k cksaxksa fjn~e

gks] pkgs yksd fFkjdu gks pkgs :id rky gks & fjn~e dk bu izdkjksa ij nknk

dh jpuk,¡ lgtrk ls >we&>we tkrh gSA¸1 lfpu nso ceZu osQ HkfV;kyh xhr

,d vyx nqfu;k esa ys tkrs gSa] budk iQyd bruk foLr`r gS lesVrs ugha curk

¶vks js ek¡>h --- esjs lktu gS ml ikj (cafnuh)] lqu esjs caèkq js (lqtkrk)]

ogk¡ dkSu gS rsjk (xkbM) tSls vn~Hkqr xhr laxhrc¼ fd, vkSj xk, HkhA

¶xqytkj osQ fy[ks çFke fiQYeh xhr êksjk xksjk vax ybys* esa nknk us viuh

nksyu 'kSyh esa caxky osQ yksdlaxhr dk vn~Hkqr Li'kZ fn;kA xhr osQ baVjY;wM esa

rcys osQ dksey izHkko dk xtc dk mnkgj.k nknk us izLrqr fd;k gS----ckth

fiQYe esa lkfgj dh xty osQ vkdkj esa fy[kh gqbZ ^rnchj ls fcxM+h gqbZ rdnhj

cuk ys* (xhrk) dks nknk us fcYoqQy xty ls gVdj Lisfu'k fxVkj osQ lkFk

Dyc lk¡x dh 'kSyh esa <ky fn;k --- ltk (1951) ^rqe u tkus fdl tgk¡ esa

[kks x,A fcykoy FkkV ij igkM+h tSlh èkqu osQ lkFk lkfgj osQ bl dyke esa

lfpu nk csgn yqHkkouk vkSj jksekapd izHkko Mkyus esa liQy gq, Fks --- thou

T;ksfr (1953) osQ ^yx xbZ v¡f[k;k rqels eksjh (xhrk] jkiQh) esa gkjeksfu;e osQ

csgrjhu VqdM+ks osQ lkFk jkx eqyrkuh dk bLrseky fd;k ---ck¡lqjh osQ lqanj

bUVjY;wM~l osQ lkFk Hksjoh vkèkkfjr êkuk tukc us iqdkjk ugha isbax xsLV fd'kksj

dh vkokt¸ --- Lisfu'k fxVkj osQ lkFk ^fny dh meaxs gS tok¡ equhe th 1955]


86

csgn e'kwgj jgs] ogha ¶?kk;y fgjf.k;k eSa cu&cu Mksyw¡ fiQYe laxhr osQ

'kkL=kh; laxhr] xhrksa esa vkt Hkh LFkku j[krh gSA --- nknjk rky esa jkx dsnkj ij

vkèkkfjr ^lktu fcu uhan u vk,* esa ck¡lqjh dk fcYoqQy vyx bLrseky bl

lqanj jpuk dks ;knxkj cukrk gSA (nksuksa xhr equhe th ls gh)1

,l- Mh- ceZu us ,d ls cM+dj ,d liQy fiQYeksa dks laxhrc¼ fd;k

xkbM 1965 dks muosQ rkt esa ghjk eku ldrs gS ftlesa laosnuk vkSj laxhr dk

vn~Hkqr esy gS] laxhr 'kkL=kh; gS ij dgha Hkh v>sy ugha yxrk ¶fryax esa ^fi;k

rksls uSuk ykxs js (yrk) dk tknw vkt Hkh flj p<+dj cksyrk gS ---¶ekSls Ny

fd, tk,] gk; js gk; lS;ka csbekuA ?kq¡?k: rcys dh laxhr osQ lkFk D;k lqanj

vfHkO;fDr FkhA iwjh fiQYe esa rkj 'kgukbZ dk D;k lqanj mi;ksx FkkA¸2 xkbM dks

lfpu nso ceZu dh dyk dk mRd"kZ dgk tk ldrk gS] lfpu nso ceZu us ,slk

laxhr cuk;k tks vke tu dks izHkkfor dj losQ] ;gh nknk dh liQyrk dk jkt

Fkk eerk osQ cuk, vius xhr ^jgs u jgs ge] egdk djsaxs] cu osQ dyh] cuds

lck ckxs tgk¡ esa* ---- vkt Hkh lfpu nso ceZu egd jgs gSaA vxj lfpu nso

ceZu dk laxhr caxky dh egd ls ljkcksj Fkk rks vks- ih- uSÕ;j dk laxhr iatkc

dh yksd 'kSyh ls Hkjiwj Fkk] iatkfc;r ls ycjst laxhr tks vks- ih- uSÕ;j us

fn;k oSlk vU; laxhrdkj ugah ns ik,A iadt jkx fy[krs gSa µ ¶ewyr% iatkc osQ

jgus okys uSÕ;j us iatkc dh yksd 'kSyh dh fFkjdu dks vius laxhr esa ftruh

oqQ'kyrk ls lekfgr fd;k mruk 'kk;n gh dksbZ laxhrdkj dj ik;kA vius dq'ky

vkjoSQLVªS'ku vkSj ok|ksa dh tqxycanh osQ dkj.k Hkh uSÕ;j dk laxhr vkt rd

;knxkj cuk gqvk gSA ck¡lqjh vkSj DySfjusV dk lkeatL;] lkjaxh vkSj fxVkj osQ

dkMZl dk yktokc iz;ksx] lkjaxh vkSj psyks dks ,d lkFk vyx&vyx v"Vd

ij ctkuk] ok;fyu] esaMksfyu vkSj psyks dks vlac¼ jhfr ls iz;ksx muosQ dbZ

xhrksa esa js[kkafdr gksrk gSA lktks osQ fiQylZ dk uSÕ;j osQ laxhr esa vyx vfLrRo

Fkk] brus eèkqj fiQylZ cgqr de laxhrdkj ns ik, gaSA¸3 u;k nkSj

4 fiQYe osQ xkus

1 iadt jkx µ èkquksa dh ;k=kk] i`ñ&310&312 2 ogh] iñ&314 3 ogh] iñ&449 4 u;k nkSj (1957)] funsZ'kd & ch- vkj-pkSiM+k] laxhrdkj & vks- ih- uSÕ;j] xhrdkj

& 'kkfgj yqfèk;kuoh] xk;d & ekSgEen jiQh

87

^vkuk gS rks jkg esa] ftls jiQh us xk;k_ esa lkjaxh dk cM+k vn~Hkqr iz;ksx vks-ih-

uSÕ;j us fd;kA vkj&ikj dk ^tk tk tk tk csoiQk vkSj u;k vankt dk ^esjh

uhanksa esa gks rks rqe* esa fi;kuks dk tks vn~Hkqr iz;ksx uSÕ;j us fd;k gS og fdlh

Hkh lwjr esa vfuy fo'okl ls de ugha gSA¸1 xq#nÙk viuh fiQYeksa osQ xhrksa dks

ysdj cgqr lathnk jgrs Fks] mudh vfèkdka'k fgV fiQYeksa osQ laxhrdkj vks-ih-

uSÕ;j jgs feLVj ,.M felst 55 osQ dbZ xhrksa us lkykuk fcukdk esa txg cukbZ

vkSj muesa lcls mQij jgk oscillating fjn~e Hkjk ^mèkj rqe galh gks] bèkj fny

toka gS (xhrk] jiQh)A ^tkus dgk¡ esjk ftxj x;k th* (jiQh] xhrk) ^py fn,

cank uokt* (xhrk] jiQh) lHkh ,d [kkl >werh fjn~e ysdj vk, tks vks-ih-

uSÕ;j dh ,d fof'k"V igpku cu xbZA feLVj ,.M felst & 55 osQ xhr ml

oxZ dk izfrfufèkRo dj jgs Fks tks vkRefo'okl ls Hkjiwj Fkk] oqQN u;k dj

xqtjus dh pkg ls Hkh Hkjk FkkA rks 'kEeh osQ fy, cuk, muosQ xhr bldk vxyk

dne dgs tk ldrs gSa µ rqelk ugha ns[kk (1957) esa 'kEeh dh mNyrh

owQnrh bohemian Nfo vks-ih- uSÕ;j osQ xhrksa ls izLrqr gqbZ µ ¶;w¡ rks geus

yk[k galh ns[ks gS dk vnk Hkjk iz;ksx] ^tokfu;ka ;s eLr eLr fcu fi,

(jiQh)] dh rtZ dk [kqekj vkSj eLrh dk vkye rFkk vkjosQLVsª'ku dk csfelky

bLrseky ^Nqius okys lkeus vk* (jiQh) dk rjUuqe ^ns[kks dle ls dgrs gSa rqels

gk¡* (jiQh] vk'kk) dh nzqr fjn~e dk tknw vkSj ^lj ij Vksih yky* (jiQh] vk'kk)

dh iatkch yksduR; dh ifjfpr 'kSyh µbu lcus rqelk ugha ns[kk osQ xhrksa dks

vikj liQyrk nhA¸2

vks-ih- uSÕ;j osQ xhrksa us 'kEeh diwj dh tks Nfo cukbZ mls foLrkj nsus

dk Js; laxhrdkj tksM+h 'kadj&t;fd'ku dks tkrk gS] ¶'kEeh diwj dh taxyh

(1961) esa muosQ vfHku; vkSj LVkbZy us ftruh yksdfiz;rk fnykbZ] mruh mudh

boisetrous (vfrjatd) vfHku; 'kSyh ls match djrh ^taxyh* osQ laxhr us3

1 vkj&ikj (1954)] funsZ'kd & xq#nÙk] laxhrdkj & vks-ih- uSÕ;j] xhrdkj & yk

folkj v[rj] xk;d&xkf;dk & 'ke'kkn cSxe] fd'kksj oqQekj


3 ogh] iñ&393

88

'kEeh osQ fy, ykmM vkSj rM+d&HkM+d laxhr osQ xhr cukus okys

'kadj&t;fd'ku us jktdiwj dh fiQYeksa osQ fy, ,d ls ,d eèkqj xhr cuk,

gkykafd blesa jktdiwj dh iwjh Vhe ftlesa gljrt;iqjh 'kSysUnz] eqds'k vkSj

laxhr dh vPNh le> j[kus okys jktdiwj dk ;ksxnku Hkh Fkk cjlkr fiQYe ls

vkj- osQ- fiQYel esa vk, 'kadj t;fd'ku us laxhr lalkj dks viuh izfrHkk ls

peRd`r fd;k muosQ xhrksa esa lxhr dh Hkwfedk crkrs gq, iadt jkx fy[krs gS

µ ¶'kadj&t;fd'ku rky] LFkk;h] eq[kM+k vkSj vkjosQLVªs'ku osQ f'kYi esa dbZ

fofoèkrk,¡ ysdj vk,A Hkkjrh; fiQYe laxhr esa ^dkWMlZ* dk xkSjryc iz;ksx

igyh ckj djus dk Js; 'kadj&t;fd'ku dks gh tk,xkA muosQ }kjk iz;qDr ^dkMZ

iSVuZ vkSj fjn~e bVkfy;u] Lisfu'k] :lh laxhr vkfn ls izsfjr FksA mnkgj.k osQ

fy, vkokjk dk 'kh"kZd xhr ,d :lh èkqu ls izsfjr FkkA rks blh fiQYe dk ^?kj

vk;k esjk ijnslh* çfl¼ vjfc;u xkf;dk (tks yrk eaxs'kdj dh Hkh pgsrh

xkf;dk jgh gS) oqQylqe dh ^vykc vyk fny* lsA ;gwnh vkSj gykowQ osQ dbZ

xhrksa esa vjch izHkko Li"V Fkk rks uxhuk osQ ^rwus gk; esjs t[e ftxj dks Nw

fy;k (yrk) feJ dh ?kkfV;ksa dh vuqxwat ysdj vk;kA pksjh&pksjh osQ ^tgk¡ eSa

tkrh gw¡ ogha pys tkrs gks* dk psdksLyksokfd;u izHkko rks loZfofnr gS ghA

^jktoqQekj osQ ^fny #ck fny is rw* dk ftIlh izHkko] u bofuax bu isfjl osQ

^vosQys&vosQys dgk¡ tk jgs gks* dh brkoyh izsj.kk] ^ubZ fnYyh* osQ u[kjs okyh*

esa Cywt dk izHkko vkfnA ij ik'pkR; laxhr osQ lkFk Hkkjrh; 'kkL=kh; ;k

yksdlaxhr dks Hkh 'kadj&t;fd'ku cM+s HkkSfrd rjhosQ ls feJ.k djus esa

fl¼gLr FksA¸1 fons'kh xhrksa ,oa 'kSfy;ksa dks vius xhrksa esa <kyus okys 'kadj

t;fd'ku oqQN vijaijkxr ok|ksa osQ lkFk ijaijkxr ok|ksa dk cM+k peRdkjh izHkko

iSnk djrs Fks µ ¶gSnjkckn osQ jgus okys 'kadj us ^jeÕ;k oLrk oÕ;k* (Jh

420) vkSj ¶gS vkx gekjs lhus esa (ftl ns'k esa xaxk cgrh gS) esa vkaèkz osQ

yksxlaxhr dk vkSj ?kkVe tSls ok|ksa dk iz;ksx Hkh fo'ks"kdj èkheh xfr osQ xkuksa

(tSls ^vk t js vc esjk fny iqdkjk*] ^ne Hkj tks mèkj eq¡g isQjs*) esa fd;kA

fiQYe gykowQ (1965) esa eSaMksfyu ^,u bofuax bu isfjl accoustic fxVkj vkSj

1 iadt jkx µ èkquksa dh ;k=kk] i`ñ&384&385

89

transicord clar cgkj esa ck¡lqjh vkSj viuh dbZ fiQYeksa esa <ksy vkSj [katjh dk

mUgksaus cgqvk;keh iz;ksx fd;kA vkokjk osQ ^?kj vk;k esjk ijns'kh* esa rks okndks

dks nwj [kM+k dj mUgksaus xk; dh ?kafV;k¡ ctokdj tcnZLr vlj iSnk fd;k FkkA¸1

^jkx HkSjoh* mudk ilanhnk jkx Fkk bls os lnk lqgkfxu jkx dgrs FksA

^HkSjoh jkx* ij daiksl fd, muosQ vfèkdrj xhr liQy jgs] blosQ lkFk gh

,dkfMZ;u vkSj vkWosQLVªk dk cM+k Hkkjh bLrseky xhrksa osQ laxhr cukrs le; os

djrs Fks µ ¶'kadj&t;fd'ku us fiQYe laxhr osQ vkjosQLVª'ku esa ,d Økafr lh

yk nhA ,d cgqr cM+s vkWosQLVªk osQ lkFk gh os xkuksa dh fjdkfM±x djrs FksA

vDlj gh xkuksa dh fjdkfM±x osQ oDr ipkl ls vfèkd rks ok;fyu oknd gh

jgrs FksA rarq ok| ;a=kksa dk Hkh ik'oZ esa iz;ksx muosQ xkuksa esa vfèkdka'k cM+s

dkS'ky ls fd;k tkrk Fkk --- njvly 'kadj&t;fd'ku vkWjosQLVªk dh rhozrk

fiQYe laxhr osQ {ks=k esa ,d ubZ èkkjk dk lw=kikr djrh gSA dHkh&dHkh rks lkS&lkS

ok;fyu dk ,d lkFk ctuk ,d vn~Hkqr vljdkjh izHkko NksM+dj LrCèk dj nsrk

gSA ^vk vc ykSV pyas* (yrk] eqosQ'k] lkFkh)] ^rsjk tkuk fny osQ vjekuksa dk

yqV tkuk* (yrk)] ^lc oqQN lh[kk geus* (eqosQ'k) tSls dbZ mnkgj.k bu

okW;fyuksa dh rjg gh fnekx esa dkSaèk ls tkrs gSA¸2 'kadj&t;fd'ku us tgk¡

vkèkqfud laxhr nsus esa ,d eqdke gkfly fd;k rks ogha yksd laxhr 'kSyh dk

laxhr Hkh mUgksaus fn;k tks muosQ olkZVkby gksus dk |ksrd gSA

rhljh dle miQZ ekjs x, xqyiQke dk laxhr yktokc dgk tk ldrk

gS ^ltu js >wB er cksyks* ^ltuok¡ cSjh gks x, gekj*] ^pyr eqlkfiQj ekSg

fyvks js* ^ykyh&ykyh Mksfy;k esa ykyh js nqygfu;k* ,d Dykfld fiQYe dks

vkSj mRd"kZ iznku djrs fn[krs gSA

xhrksa dh jpuk i¼fr esa laxhr dh Hkwfedk dks le>us osQ fy, vU;

izeq[k laxhrKksa osQ mnkgj.k ysdj Hkh le>k tk ldrk gS] blosQ fy, vyx ls

'kksèk Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS] D;ksafd gj laxhrdkj dh xhrksa dks jpus dh viuh

'kSyh gksrh jgh gSA xhrksa osQ laxhr dks muosQ laxhrdkjksa dh i`"BHkwfe ges'kk ls


2 ogh] iñ&385&386

90

izHkkfor djrh jgh gS] bfrgkl dks ns[ks rks çkjaHk esa xhr 'kkL=kh; vfèkd Fks] eèkqj

deA ok| ;a=kksa dk vko';drk Hkj bLrseky gksrk Fkk ckn esa pydj 'kkL=kh;rk

osQ lkFk eèkqjrk ij Hkh è;ku fn;k tkus yxkA vfuy fc'okl] vkj-lh- ckSjky

fons'kh ok| ;a=kksa dk iz;ksx djus esa vxz.kh; jgs] rks 'kadj&t;fd'ku vkjdsLVªk

osQ ogn bLrseky djus okys igys laxhrdkj cusA fiQYe laxhr esa vkjaHk ls gh

yksxksa dks peRÑr djus dh ifjikVh jghA blh ifjikVh esa laxhrKksa us u,&u,

iz;ksx Hkh fd, vkSj ,d ls ,d egku xhrksa dh jpuk dhA var esa bruk dgk tk

ldrk gS fd bu laxhrdkjksa us vius&vius le; esa fiQYeh xhrksa dh jpuk

viuh&viuh ;ksX;rk vkSj bPNkvksa osQ vuqlkj dhA fiQYeh xhrksa dh dYiuk fcuk

laxhrdkj vkSj muosQ laxhr osQ fcuk ugha dh tk ldrhA

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f}rh; vè;k; ¯gnh fiqyeh xhrk dh...

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